Cell Structure

1
Cell Structure

• Chapter 4

2
Microscopes and Cells

• Microscope discovered in 17th century.
• First cells described by Robert Hooke in 1665
• Cell Theory - 1800s
• All living things composed of cells.
• All cells arise from previously existing cells.

Module 4.1
3
Cell sizes vary with function
Note differences in size of plant and animal
cells and bacteria
Module 4.2
4
Natural laws limit cell size.
Cells obtain nutrients and gases and eliminate
wastes through the cell surface.
Module 4.3
5
Surface Area to Volume Ratio
Surface area 6 x L x W
Volume L x W x D
Note that the ratio of surface area to volume
decreases as the size of the cell increases.
If cells are to have enough surface area to meet
the needs of their volume, they must either be
small or alter their shape (nerve cells, etc.)
Module 4.3
6
Prokaryotic cells are small and relatively simple
pro- before
karyo nucleus
Characteristic of the Bacteria and Archaea domains
Module 4.4
7
Eukaryotic cells are partitioned into functional
compartments
eu- good (true)
karyon nucleus
Nucleus is separated from cytoplasm by a
membranous nuclear envelope.
Membranous organelles divide the cytoplasm into
compartments (complex structure)
Module 4.5
8
Take out a sheet of paper and answer the
following question.
Describe the differences between the two objects
on the next slide.
Module 4.5
9
How are these cells different?
10
Eukaryotic Cells

• Animal Cells
• Flagella
• Centriole
• Lysosomes
• Plant Cells
• Chloroplast
• Cell Wall
• Central Vacuole

Module 4.5