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Childhood Obesity

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Boys & Girls. Mex-Amer. Black. White. All. Epidemiology ... Girls. Mex-Amer. Black. White. All. Prevention. Risk factors to be addressed: high birth weight ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Childhood Obesity


1
Childhood Obesity
  • Mary E. LaBella
  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Social Work Leadership Team
  • November 5, 2004

2
Purpose of the Presentation
  • In order to be leaders in the fight against
    childhood obesity WE MUST BE WELL INFORMED.

3
Goals and Objectives
  • Goal
  • Each recipient will be well-informed on the
    topic of childhood obesity
  • Objective
  • Each recipient will be able to define childhood
    obesity and discuss its multi-faceted nature

4
What is Obesity?
  • The presence of a body mass index (BMI) greater
    than the 95th percentile for age and sex
    according to national growth charts.
  • The most common nutritional disorder among our
    nations youth.

5
Contributing Factors of Childhood Obesity
  • Medical
  • Behavioral
  • Reduced energy expenditure
  • Societal pressure
  • Nutritional transition

6
Physical Consequences
  • Cardiovascular
  • Respiratory
  • Endocrine
  • Metabolic
  • Orthopedic

7
Long-term Consequences
  • Adult obesity
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Breast cancer
  • Colon caner
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Financial ramifications

8
Psychological Factors
  • Lowered self-esteem
  • Increased depression ratings
  • Social outcasts

9
Psychosocial Aspects
  • Fewer years of education
  • Lower family income
  • Higher poverty rates
  • Lower marriage rates

10
Diagnostic Methods
  • Research - underwater weighing, multifrequency
    bioelectrical impedance analysis, and magnetic
    resonance imaging
  • Clinical - weight for height, body mass index
    (BMI weight (kg) / height (m)), waist
    circumference, and skinfold thickness

11
Epidemiology
12
Epidemiology
13
Epidemiology
14
Prevention
  • Risk factors to be addressed
  • high birth weight
  • maternal smoking in first trimester
  • early introduction to solid foods
  • overweight parents
  • Black, Caribbean, or Pakistani ethnic group

15
Prevention
  • Risk factors to be addressed
  • socio-economic deprivation
  • 11 hours/week TV/video
  • low participation in school sports
  • few interests involving active play
  • 2 hours per day traveling by car
  • few siblings

16
Treatment
  • A combination of simple dieting and exercise is
    not the magic bullet.
  • Interventions should focus on acceptance of
    realistic body weight and the incorporation of
    healthy eating and physical activity.

17
Treatment Family Involvement
  • The home, with parental and family involvement,
    appears to be the most influential treatment
    setting.
  • Combination of behavioral, social learning, and
    family system approach.
  • Parenthood Presence

18
Cultural and Socioeconomic Aspects
  • White children are at a reduced risk for obesity
    than their African American and Hispanic
    counterparts.
  • Research shows that environmental factors that
    promote increased energy intake and decreased
    energy output are increasing and have a
    significant effect on children from various
    ethnic backgrounds.

19
Cultural and Socioeconomic Aspects
  • SES is inversely associated with childhood
    obesity among whites, yet higher SES does not
    seem to protect African American and Hispanic
    children.

20
Cultural and Socioeconomic Aspects
  • African American and Hispanic youth tend to have
    lower levels of physical activity and dietary
    patterns that contribute to higher BMIs compared
    to white children.

21
Organizational and Community Factors
  • Fast-paced
  • Career-oriented
  • Limited access to treatment

22
Ethical Issues
  • Self-determination
  • Autonomy
  • Service
  • Dignity and worth of the person

23
Social Work Interventions
  • Macro level
  • health education
  • lobby local units of government
  • organize family events

24
Social Work Interventions
  • Micro level
  • prenatal counseling
  • family education
  • counseling
  • planning

25
In Conclusion.
  • Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic that
    disproportionately affects minorities.
  • Childhood obesity is not just an individual
    disease with individual consequences, but a
    public health issue with many causes and effects.

26
In Conclusion.
  • Due to its multi-faceted nature, childhood
    obesity needs to be addressed ACROSS ALL HELPING
    PROFESSIONS in an INTERDISCIPLINARY MANNER
  • In order to combat childhood obesity we must
    involve FAMILIES, not just the obese child

27
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