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Reciprocal Teaching: Teaching Cognitive Strategies In Context, Through Dialogue To Enhance Comprehen

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Title: Reciprocal Teaching: Teaching Cognitive Strategies In Context, Through Dialogue To Enhance Comprehen


1
Reciprocal TeachingTeaching Cognitive
Strategies In Context, Through Dialogue To
Enhance Comprehension Of Text
  • Presented by
  • Lisa Coleman
  • Lisac47_at_bellsouth.net
  • 2nd Grade Teacher
  • Addison Elementary
  • Kennesaw State University
  • ECE Masters Program
  • 7-11-02

2
What is reciprocal teaching?
  • Instructional method involving direct teaching of
    four reading comprehension strategies
  • Clarifying
  • Questioning
  • Summarizing
  • Predicting
  • Teacher and students take turns leading a
    dialogue concerning sections of the text

3
What do students need to know about clarifying?
  • Readers clarify when they dont understand a
    word, phrase, or a part of the text
  • Readers use
  • background knowledge
  • illustrations
  • parts of the word
  • the sentence
  • another word to take its place
  • a dictionary

4
What do students need to know about questioning?
  • Readers can ask different types of questions
    before, during, and after reading
  • right there questions
  • think about it questions
  • Readers ask questions about
  • vocabulary
  • story elements
  • illustrations

5
What do students need to know about summarizing?
  • Readers summarize by retelling the important
    information (story elements) and remembering
    sequence of events
  • Readers use
  • the title
  • the summary on the back cover
  • first sentence of a paragraph
  • titles of chapters / headings
  • background knowledge
  • Readers summarize as they read (hand amount) and
    after they read the whole text

6
What do students need to know about predicting?
  • Readers guess what will happen
  • Readers use
  • the text
  • the illustrations
  • their background knowledge
  • Readers predict before, during, and after reading
  • After predicting, readers read on and check the
    prediction

7
How do I implement reciprocal teaching?
  • Teachers Role
  • Assess prior knowledge of strategies using chart
    questions (see back of packet)
  • Explicitly model and explain strategies as a
    whole group using chunks of text (paragraph,
    page, hand size) order of strategies doesnt
    matter
  • Scaffold and provide support in small groups
  • Transfer responsibilities over to the students
  • Continuously observe and assess strategies used

8
How do I implementreciprocal teaching?
  • Students Role
  • Be an active participant in the dialogues and
    rotate the jobs
  • Gradually take on more responsible for the
    strategies
  • Independently use the strategies

9
How do I implementreciprocal teaching?
  • Materials
  • Fiction and Non-Fiction
  • Scholastic Anthology
  • Shoebox Leveled Text For Guided Reading
  • Weekly Readers
  • Theme Sheets
  • Highlighters (for Weekly Readers or theme sheets)
  • Important Parts
  • Clarifying Words
  • Sticky Notes
  • write clarifying words, questions, predictions,
    or a short summary and the strategy used
  • Bookmark / Job Cards
  • Help children use strategies during small groups
    and independently
  • Chart Paper
  • Record students responses to strategy questions

10
How do I assess students?
  • Reading their Book Box Journal, sticky notes, and
    other written activities
  • Listening to their dialogue
  • Conducting individual reading conferences
  • Use IRIs

11
What are the benefits of reciprocal teaching?
  • Directly teaches four specific reading
    comprehension strategies that are necessary for
    understanding text
  • Can easily be integrated into a language arts
    program and gives it more structure
  • Can be used with different genre in different
    contexts (whole group, small group, partners,
    individual)
  • Stresses that the students be actively engaged
    and participate in discussions with their peers
  • Responsibility is gradually transferred from the
    teacher to the students

12
What do good readers do?
  • Use
  • Title / Author
  • Summary on Back Cover
  • Headings
  • Story Elements (setting, characters, problem, and
    solution)
  • Illustrations
  • To
  • Clarify words
  • Generate questions
  • Summarize
  • Make predictions
  • In order to make sense of the text

13
What is the ultimate goal of reciprocal teaching?
  • students monitor their understanding and improve
    their comprehension of text by being engaged in
    active dialogue with a small group of peers

14
Reciprocal Teaching Websites
  • Reciprocal Teaching Articles and Links
  • http//www.allentownsd.org/reciprocal_teaching.htm
  • Reciprocal Teaching
  • http//www.dade.k12.fl.us/pers/prodev/reciprocal_t
    eaching.htm
  • Pattis Electronic Classroom Reciprocal
    Teaching
  • http//teams.lacoe.edu/documentation/classrooms/pa
    tti/2-3/teacher/resources/reciprocal.html
  • Balanced Literacy Reciprocal Teaching
  • http//www.newton.k12.ks.us/dist/curr/bp/lit/recip
    rocal_teaching.htm
  • NEA - Reciprocal Teaching
  • http//www.nea.org/readingmatters/class/
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