Title: Reciprocal Teaching: Teaching Cognitive Strategies In Context, Through Dialogue To Enhance Comprehen
1Reciprocal TeachingTeaching Cognitive
Strategies In Context, Through Dialogue To
Enhance Comprehension Of Text
- Presented by
- Lisa Coleman
- Lisac47_at_bellsouth.net
- 2nd Grade Teacher
- Addison Elementary
- Kennesaw State University
- ECE Masters Program
- 7-11-02
2What is reciprocal teaching?
- Instructional method involving direct teaching of
four reading comprehension strategies - Clarifying
- Questioning
- Summarizing
- Predicting
- Teacher and students take turns leading a
dialogue concerning sections of the text
3What do students need to know about clarifying?
- Readers clarify when they dont understand a
word, phrase, or a part of the text - Readers use
- background knowledge
- illustrations
- parts of the word
- the sentence
- another word to take its place
- a dictionary
4What do students need to know about questioning?
- Readers can ask different types of questions
before, during, and after reading - right there questions
- think about it questions
- Readers ask questions about
- vocabulary
- story elements
- illustrations
5What do students need to know about summarizing?
- Readers summarize by retelling the important
information (story elements) and remembering
sequence of events - Readers use
- the title
- the summary on the back cover
- first sentence of a paragraph
- titles of chapters / headings
- background knowledge
- Readers summarize as they read (hand amount) and
after they read the whole text
6What do students need to know about predicting?
- Readers guess what will happen
- Readers use
- the text
- the illustrations
- their background knowledge
- Readers predict before, during, and after reading
- After predicting, readers read on and check the
prediction
7How do I implement reciprocal teaching?
- Teachers Role
- Assess prior knowledge of strategies using chart
questions (see back of packet) - Explicitly model and explain strategies as a
whole group using chunks of text (paragraph,
page, hand size) order of strategies doesnt
matter - Scaffold and provide support in small groups
- Transfer responsibilities over to the students
- Continuously observe and assess strategies used
8How do I implementreciprocal teaching?
- Students Role
- Be an active participant in the dialogues and
rotate the jobs - Gradually take on more responsible for the
strategies -
- Independently use the strategies
9How do I implementreciprocal teaching?
- Materials
- Fiction and Non-Fiction
- Scholastic Anthology
- Shoebox Leveled Text For Guided Reading
- Weekly Readers
- Theme Sheets
- Highlighters (for Weekly Readers or theme sheets)
- Important Parts
- Clarifying Words
- Sticky Notes
- write clarifying words, questions, predictions,
or a short summary and the strategy used - Bookmark / Job Cards
- Help children use strategies during small groups
and independently - Chart Paper
- Record students responses to strategy questions
10How do I assess students?
- Reading their Book Box Journal, sticky notes, and
other written activities - Listening to their dialogue
- Conducting individual reading conferences
- Use IRIs
11What are the benefits of reciprocal teaching?
- Directly teaches four specific reading
comprehension strategies that are necessary for
understanding text - Can easily be integrated into a language arts
program and gives it more structure - Can be used with different genre in different
contexts (whole group, small group, partners,
individual) - Stresses that the students be actively engaged
and participate in discussions with their peers - Responsibility is gradually transferred from the
teacher to the students
12What do good readers do?
- Use
- Title / Author
- Summary on Back Cover
- Headings
- Story Elements (setting, characters, problem, and
solution) - Illustrations
- To
- Clarify words
- Generate questions
- Summarize
- Make predictions
- In order to make sense of the text
13What is the ultimate goal of reciprocal teaching?
- students monitor their understanding and improve
their comprehension of text by being engaged in
active dialogue with a small group of peers
14Reciprocal Teaching Websites
- Reciprocal Teaching Articles and Links
- http//www.allentownsd.org/reciprocal_teaching.htm
- Reciprocal Teaching
- http//www.dade.k12.fl.us/pers/prodev/reciprocal_t
eaching.htm - Pattis Electronic Classroom Reciprocal
Teaching - http//teams.lacoe.edu/documentation/classrooms/pa
tti/2-3/teacher/resources/reciprocal.html - Balanced Literacy Reciprocal Teaching
- http//www.newton.k12.ks.us/dist/curr/bp/lit/recip
rocal_teaching.htm - NEA - Reciprocal Teaching
- http//www.nea.org/readingmatters/class/