Vocabulary

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Vocabulary

• Patron
• Humanism
• Humanities
• Perspective
• Vernacular
• Utopian
• Indulgence
• Predestination
• Theocracy

• Annul
• Canonize
• Compromise
• Scapegoat
• Ghetto
• Heliocentric
• Hypothesis
• Scientific Method
• Gravity

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Renaissance and Reformation

• Mid 1300s to Mid 1600s

Michelangelo
Henry the Navigator
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The Renaissance in Italy

• Begins in Italy
• Center of Roman history
• Wealthy powerful merchant class
• Stressed education and individual achievement

• Changed the way people view themselves and their
  world
• Interested in Classical learning
• Explore here and now

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Medici in Florence

• Banking, mining, wool and others
• Money equals power
• Lorenzo The Magnificent financed the arts
  Patron

1449 - 1492 Whoever wants to be happy, let him be
soabout tomorrow there's no knowing
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Humanism
First important humanist

• Focused on worldly subjects
• Studied Greek and Roman culture
• Renaissance man found himself suspended between
  faith and reason.

Petrarch was crowned poet laureate in Rome in
1341, and was a classical scholar, diplomat,
historian and philosopher 1304-1374
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The ArtsReflected Humanism

• Realism
• The style of art in which the artist strives to
  make the painted scene look as real and natural
  as possible.

• Perspective
• Creating the illusion of space and distance on a
  flat surface such as a canvas or wall

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Leonardo da Vinci
1452-1519
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Painter
Sfumato misty atmosphere
Perspective
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Inventor
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Scientist
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MICHELANGELO di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
Sculptor Painter Architect
1475-1564
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Sculptor
David 1504Marble
Moses 1515Marble
Pietà 1499 Marble
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Painter
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The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Completed between 1508 and 1512
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Last Judgment1536 - 1541
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Architect
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Raphael 1483 - 1520
Madonna del Cardellino 1507
The Prince of Painters."
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Stanze in the Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican
The School of Athens 1509
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Renaissance Architecture

• Adopted arches, columns and domes from Rome and
  Greece
• Michelangelos dome on St. Peters church was
  used on the U.S. Capital

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Literature How to books
Book of the Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione
(1478-1529)
The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli
(1469-1527)

• Men, well educated and mannered, mastery in
  sports to poetry
• Women, graceful and kind but reserved. Pure
  but not prudish

• How to gain and maintain power
• Ends justify the means

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Summary

• Write at least four sentences summarizing your
  notes.

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Renaissance in Northern Europe (1500-1615)
Beginsafter the plague In the prosperous cities
of Flanders The rest of Europe followed 100 yrs
later
Albrecht Durer (German Leonardo)
St Anne with the Virgin and Child
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Flemish painters
Hubert van Eyck
Pieter Bruegel

• Portrayal of towns people and religious scenes.
• Developed oil paint

Country Wedding
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Northern Humanists
Erasmus (1469 - 1536)

• Stressed education and classical learning like
  Italy
• Also emphasized religious themes not like Italy

• Translated the Bible into Greek and Latin
• Wanted to translate it into everyday language
• Called for reforms in the church

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Sir Thomas More
More coined the term "utopia" which is a pun
meaning both "good place" and "no place."
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Literature in the North
Started writing for the common people using
their language

• Shakespeare
• Wrote 37 plays about social problems and
  political power

• Cervantes
• Spanish mocked medieval chivalry with Don Quixote

• Rabelis
• Wrote stories about Giants

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The printing press
Technology

• By 1300's paper making
• By 1400's movable type
• 1456 Johann Gutenberg printed the bible using
  metal moveable type
• By 1500, more than 20 million books were printed
• By 1600, 200 million were in circulation

Impact

• Books were cheaper
• Literacy rate began to go up
• Knowledge level increased
• People were exposed to new ideas

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Summary

• Write at least four sentences summarizing your
  notes.

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The Protestant Reformation

• Abuses in the Church
• Involved in worldly affairs
• Lavish lifestyle
• The sale of indulgences

• Many northern humanists stressed returning to
  the simple ways
• Bible study
• Exposed Church abuses
• Rejected pomp and ceremony

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Martin Luther

• Posted 95 Theses
• A list against indulgences
• Printed and distributed all over Europe
• Excommunicated in 1521
• Went into hiding
• Became a hero to thousands

1483 - 1546
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Luthers Teachings

• Justification by faith
• Bible was the only source of religious truth
• Rejected church priesthood saying all who
  believed had the priesthood
• Rejected five of the seven sacraments
• Banned indulgences, confession, pilgrimages and
  prayer to saints
• Abolished elaborate ritual and ceremony
• Allowed clergy to marry

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Protestants...those who protested papal authority

• John CalvinSet up a theocracy in Geneva
• Salvation through faith alone
• PredestinationSaints and sinners
• Stressed hard work, discipline, thrift, honesty
  and morality
• Spread to Germany, France, Netherlands, England
  and Scotland

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Other Reformation Ideas

• Anabaptists
• Rejected infant baptism
• Some sought radical social change
• Abolition of private property
• Most were peaceful and law abiding

Mennonites and Amish have their roots in
Anabaptists
Stressed the fact that salvation is a gift from
God yet, they also taught that it is a
conditional gift, which can be taken away from
the disobedient
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Henry VIII
BORN 28 JUNE 1491SUCCEEDED 21 APRIL 1509DIED
28 JANUARY 1547
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Shortly after becoming king, Henry VIII took
Catherine of Aragon as his bride.

• Henry VIII sought annulment, pope said NO
• Henry fights back
• Stirred up English feelings against the pope
• Took over the church in England
• 1536 to 1540 closed all convents and monasteries
• Seized their land
• Gave it to his supporters
• Creating The Church of England

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The Wives of Henry VIII
X
Jane Seymour
Anne Boleyn
Anne
X
Kathryn Howard
Katherine Parr
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Tudor History
Henry VIII
Edward VI
Mary
Elizabeth I
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Catholic Reformation

• 1530's and 1540's Pope Paul III
• Revive the moral authority of the church
• Appointed reformers to key posts

• Council of Trent 1545
• Reaffirmed traditional views
• Bible was not the only source of Gods word
• Stiff penalties for corruption in the clergy
• Established new schools to educate the clergy

• Inquisition
• Church court to root out heresies
• Index of forbidden books

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Results of the Catholic Reformation

• The church regained some of its former power
• Europe remained divided
• Protestant north
• Catholic south

Ignatius LoyolaJesuits
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Religious fever spread over Europe

• Jews in Europe
• Spain kicked them out
• Italy put them in ghettos
• Germany made them wear a yellow badge
• Luther wanted them expelled and their
  synagogues/books burned
• Dutch Calvinists took them in

• Protestants against Catholic
• Both against radical groups like Anabaptists

First "official" ghetto established in Rome in
1555 Wore a yellow star
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Summary

• Write at least four sentences summarizing your
  notes.

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The Scientific Revolution
Renaissance and the Reformation looked back
Science looked forward
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Nicolaus Copernicus1473 - 1543

• There is no one centre in the universe.
• The Earth's centre is not the centre of the
  universe.
• The centre of the universe is near the sun.
• The distance from the Earth to the sun is
  imperceptible compared with the distance to the
  stars.
• The rotation of the Earth accounts for the
  apparent daily rotation of the stars.
• The apparent annual cycle of movements of the sun
  is caused by the Earth revolving round it.
• The apparent retrograde motion of the planets is
  caused by the motion of the Earth from which one
  observes.

• Proposed a heliocentric or sun-centered
  universe
• Most experts disagreed
• Believing in the Church supported Ptolemys
  theory of earth centered

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Tycho Brahe Johannes Kepler

• Used Brahes data and mathematically proved
  Copernicus right.
• Also proved elliptical orbits

Observed and recorded heavenly bodies for years
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Galileo Galilei

• Assembled the first astronomical telescope
• First to see sunspots, mountains and craters on
  the moon, moons of Jupiter
• He was brought to trial in 1633 on heresy
  charges

On 31 October 1992, the Catholic Church admitted
that errors had been made by the theological
advisors in the case of Galileo
1564-1642
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Isaac Newton Robert Boyle
1627-91
1642-1727

• Explained the difference between elements and
  compounds
• Explained the effect of temperature and
  pressure on gases

Proved gravity
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Other Scientists

• Andreas Vesalius and da Vinci
• Dissected human bodies and drew detailed
  drawings of them.

• Ambroise Pare
• Pioneered stitches to close a wound

• Bacon and Descartes thought truth came after a
  long investigation
• Descartes..Emphasized human reasoning I think
  therefore, I am
• BaconEmphasized experimentation and
  observation

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Scientific Method

• State the problem
• Gather information of the problem
• Form a hypothesis
• Experiment to test the hypothesis
• Record and analyze the data
• State a conclusion
• Repeat

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Summary

• Write at least four sentences summarizing your
  notes.

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ALL DONE