Civil War Battles

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Civil War Battles
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1st Bull Run (1st Manassas)

• Date July 21, 1861
• Commanders
• Union Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell
• Confederate Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and
  Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard
• Forces Engaged
• US 28,450
• CS 32,230

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This was the first major land battle of the
armies in Virginia.  On July 16, 1861, the
untried Union army under Brig. Gen. Irvin
McDowell marched from Washington against the
Confederate army, which was drawn up behind Bull
Run beyond Centreville. On the 21st, McDowell
crossed at Sudley Ford and attacked the
Confederate left flank on Matthews Hill. Fighting
raged throughout the day as Confederate forces
were driven back to Henry Hill.  Late in the
afternoon, Confederate reinforcements (one
brigade arriving by rail from the Shenandoah
Valley) extended and broke the Union right flank.
The Federal retreat rapidly deteriorated into a
rout. Although victorious, Confederate forces
were too disorganized to pursue. Confederate Gen.
Bee and Col. Bartow were killed. Thomas J.
Jackson earned the nom de guerre Stonewall.
By July 22, the shattered Union army reached
the safety of Washington. This battle convinced
the Lincoln administration that the war would be
a long and costly affair. McDowell was relieved
of command of the Union army and replaced by Maj.
Gen. George B. McClellan, who set about
reorganizing and training the troops. Estimated
Casualties 4,700 total (US 2,950 CS
1,750) Result(s) Confederate victory
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Vicksburg and Gettysburg

• July, 1863

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Vicksburg Campaign

• In May and June of 1863, Union general Ulysses S.
  Grant, commander of the Army of Tennessee, moved
  his army into a position to lay siege to
  Vicksburg, one of the last Confederate
  strongholds on the Mississippi River.

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Vicksburg Campaign
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Vicksburg Campaign
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Siege of Vicksburg

• The citizens of Vicksburg suffered form hunger
  and were forced to eat pets and rats. The
  Confederates had no troops to send to Pembertons
  aid.
• The Confederates surrendered on the 4th of July,
  hoping to get better terms from Grant.

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Gettysburg

• In June of 1863, Lee invaded the North a second
  time. One more victory for the Army of Northern
  Virginia, this time on Union soil, might force
  the Union to negotiate a peace with the
  Confederacy.

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Battle of Gettysburg

• As Lee marched north through Pennsylvania, he
  heard reports of a cash of shoes in a small
  crossroads town of Gettysburg. He sent a small
  portion of his 75,000 man army into Gettysburg to
  capture shoes for his men.

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Battle of Gettysburg Day 1

• First Contact
• The Union army, now under the command of George
  Meade, had been shadowing Lees army. General
  John Buford spotted Lees troops converging on
  Gettysburg and he ordered his cavalrymen to hold
  the high ground north of town.

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Battle of Gettysburg Day 1
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Battle of Gettysburg Day 2
Fighting on Culps Hill, in the Peach Orchard ,
and on the Round Tops
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Battle of Gettysburg Day 3
Picketts Charge