Xbee Module development

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XBeeKey Features
XBee 802.15.4 XBee DigiMesh 2.4 XBee
Znet 2.5 XBee ZB

• Price-to-Performance Value
• Low Power Consumption
• Receiver Sensitivity
• Industrial Temperature Rating
• Worldwide Acceptance
• Small Form Factor

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XBee Standard Series comparison
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XBee Module

• Thin API or AT interface application layer to
  802.15.4 DigiMesh or EmberZNet stack
• Powerful feature set includes
• Remote configuration
• Low power end devices
• IO line set/read capabilities
• 81 GPIO (1 PWM)
• 4 A/D inputs
• Network diagnostics
• 4 Antenna Options Whip Chip U.FL RPSMA
• No RF HW development risk
• Fully approved !!!

Digi API / AT
ZigBee AF
ZigBee ZDO
ZigBee APS
ZigBee Network
802.15.4 MAC
802.15.4 PHY
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Transparent / AT Firmware

• Transparent operation works out of the box
• Serial cable replacement
• 3 Command Characters to enter Command mode (
  default)
• Simple configuration of network addressing and
  other advanced features

Router
Coordinator
Router
End Device
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API Firmware

• Commands and data sent to the module through a
  simple API (Application Programming Interface)
• API frames expose simple and advanced ZigBee
  capabilities

Router
Coordinator
Router
End Device
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API Firmware

• XBee API Frames
• Transmit and Receive Frames
• Simple Transmit and receive frames require only
  module addresses
• Advanced transmit and receive frames expose
  ZigBee cluster IDs endpoints
• Transmit status frames indicate the delivery
  status of the transmission
• Receive frames indicate the senders address
• Status Frames
• Indicate device and network-level behavior
  including join indications reset notifications
  etc.

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AT versus API mode

• Advantages
• Quick commands
• Additional information
• Over the air configuration
• Disadvantages
• Complex
• Not transparant

• Advantages
• Simple
• Transparant
• Streaming performance
• Disadvantage
• Slow for commands
• Not optimized for embedded systems

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XBee - IO features

• UART Data Input (3.3V)
• 4 ADCs
• 81 DIO lines
• PWM (RSSI) output
• Supply voltage monitoring

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XBee - ADC

• Analog to Digital Conversion
• XBee has 4 ADCs
• 10 bit resolution
• 1KHz MAX sample rate
• The XBee does not have DACs
• Output can be read from the UART
• Also can build a LPF for the PWM output

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XBee - DAC

• DAC
• PWM Pulse Width Modulation
• LPF

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XBee - DIO line passing

• Digital Input / Output lines
• XBee has 81 DIO lines
• User configurable for
• Timed sampling
• Default states
• Change Detect
• Pass-through mode
• Internal Pull-up enable/disable

802.15.4 firmware only
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Xbee Over the Air

• Using API mode it is possible
• To change configuration over the air
• Set/Reset and read IO lines
• Read A/D values
• XBee also can send you automatic low battery
  warning (voltage threshold)

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Commissioning Pushbutton Associate LEDs
Note if you want to have the node rejoin on
programmed ID and SC you need to power cycle
after 4 button presses !!!
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ZigBee Application Addressing

• In addition to 64- and 16-bit addresses ZigBee
  supports endpoints cluster IDs and profile IDs.
• ZigBee transmissions specify
• Source and Destination Addresses
• Source and Destination Endpoints
• Cluster ID
• Profile ID

Src 16-bit Addr Dest 16-bit Addr Src
Endpoint Dest Endpoint
Cluster ID Profile ID Payload
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Zigbee Profile IDs

• Profile IDs define a collection of devices and
  associated functions services to provide an
  overall system level functionality.
• Example a thermostat on one device talks with a
  heating element on another device. Both devices
  and their supported functions are defined in the
  same profile.
• Profile IDs can be private (defined and used
  solely by developer) or public (supported by
  multiple vendors).
• Public profiles include Home Automation Smart
  Energy etc.
• Private profiles include Digis profile vendor X
  profile
• One or more profile IDs may be defined on a
  device.
• Devices must communicate on the same profile ID
  to be interoperable.

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Zigbee Cluster IDs

• Cluster IDs are 2-byte values that define a
  particular action or service. e.g. Turn on
  Light Read Sensor.
• Cluster IDs are defined within the scope of a
  profile.

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Zigbee Endpoints

• An endpoint can be thought of as an application
  a domain or a TCP port.
• Each device must support one or more endpoints.

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ZigBee Application Addressing In a Nutshell

• Data flow for a received ZigBee RF data packet

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API Construction
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API Explicit Tx Frame (0x11)

• Specify 64-bit address (16-bit optional)
• Data is delivered to the specified endpoint
  cluster ID and profile ID on the remote device
• Can send ZDO commands

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API Explicit Rx Frame (0x91)

• Indicates
• Senders 64- and 16-bit addresses
• Endpoint cluster ID and profile ID information

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APIA Note on Interoperability

• To talk to another ZigBee device...
• Set the profile ID cluster ID and destination
  endpoint and format the data payload correctly.

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ZigBee Feature Set Comparison
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ZNet 2.5 ZB (Zigbee PRO)

• ZigBee Alliance
• ZNet 2.5 Designed for ZigBee
• ZB ZigBee Certified (pending)
• Unicast Timeout (Hop Maximum)
• ZNet 2.5 Fixed Unicast Timeout
• ZB Adjustable Unicast Timeout (12 sec.)
• Over-the-air firmware updates
• ZNet 2.5 not possible
• ZB available

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XBee Series - Summary

• XBee 802.15.4
• FreeScale Chipset
• Ideal for 802.15.4 applications
• 4 Antenna Options
• XBee DigiMesh 2.4
• FreeScale Chipset
• Ideal for MESH applications with ALL nodes
  sleeping
• 4 Antenna Options
• XBee Znet 2.5 (not recommended for new designs)
• Ember EM250 Chipset
• Ideal for ZigBee Applications
• 4 Antenna Options
• Xbee ZB
• Ember EM250 Chipset
• Ideal for Zigbee Cross-Compliant Applications
• 4 Antenna Options

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Decision factors

• Do I need MESH
• If NO
• XBee 802.15.4 (Freescale based)
• 802.15.4 (point to multipoint)
• Slightly lower price than Series 2
• Lower more predictable latency
• More predictable battery life
• If YES
• Do I need ALL nodes to sleep (battery operated)
  and is it ok to have a proprietary Solution
• IF NO
• XBee Znet 2.5 / ZB (Ember based)
• Mesh support (vector based)
• Automatic route discovery
• Self-healing
• Extended range through mesh
• IF YES
• XBee DigiMESH2.4 (Freescale based)
• Mesh support (peer-to-peer based)
• Automatic route discovery

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XBee Platform Agility

• Shared footprint
• Similar commands and interface (some exceptions)
• Future-proof footprint
• Considerable ongoing development
• Ability to change RF functionality quickly
  without significant redesign.

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AT/API Command Mode Demo
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Digi added advantageDrop in Networking
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End-to-End Wireless networks
Central Systems
Gateways
WAN
Zigbee PAN
Sensors
Cellular
WAN
WiFi
Ethernet
Local Access
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Drop-in Network Architecture
Management Site Survey Tools
Gateways
ConnectPort X8
ConnectPort X2
Bridges/Extenders/Routers
ConnectPort X4/6
XBee Wall Router
XBee XTender XBee/9XTend Bridge
Rabbit PK400
Digi XBee Adapters
Embedded Modules and Device Adapters
Rabbit 4510W 4400W
MaxStream XBee Modules
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XBee Adapters (SP-style)

• Versions - Now
• XBee 232 DB9
• XBee 485 Terminal Block
• XBee 1-Wire RJ45
• Next Versions
• XBee Digital I/O Terminal Block
• XBee Analog I/O Terminal Block(0-10 volts 12
  bit)

• Battery (N-cell) externally powered or both for
  redundancy
• Supports all XBee formats with PRO level range

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XBee Adapters (EP-style)

• XBee USB
• USB Host Connected
• Quick connect to a PC
• Drivers compatible with other MaxStream USB
  products
• Supports all XBee formats at a PRO level
• XBee 232PH
• Parasitically powered
• Simple serial connectivity
• RS232 only
• Ember 2.5 and Zigbee PRO compatibility

New PIC Coming

• Small form factor
• Digi EdgePort/1 Size
• Value connectivity

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XBee USB 232PH
New PIC Coming

• Low power low cost simple ZigBee adapter
• Targeted at Point of Sale Transaction
  Processing and simple Terminal server
  applications
• Powered from Serial Port with small rechargeable
  batteries
• May also be added to current Digi DS TS and
  Cellular products
• Supports MaxStream APIs
• Currently compatible with only Ember 2.5 and
  ZigBee PRO stacks

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XBee Wall Router
Universal Input (swappable US UK EU Japan
Australia plugs)
Internal Antenna
Cordless mains powered form factor for simple
plug-in router function

• Simple Router
• Easy-to-deploy
• Non-intrusive
• Future Versions
• Power Control

Provisioning Button
Single/ Multiple LEDs
XBee-PRO with router function

• Built in Sensors
• Temp and Light

36
IntroducingConnectPort X Gateways
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ConnectPort X features

• Digi Cellular / Ethernet /Zigbee Gateway Routers
• Transparant Gateway operation
• Remote configuration and monitoring of ZigBee
  networks

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ConnectPort X8
Embedded IPsec or SSL VPN
Small Form Factor 1.25x7.75x4.12 in.

• Built in Mgt. with
• Web User Interface
• CLI
• Connectware Agent

Digi PCIe embedded WiFi
Embedded NS9750 ARM9 Processor
Mounting Brackets Under the Enclosure
9-30VDC Power

• WAN Internal Radios
• Fully enclosed to prevent damage or theft
• Siemens MC/AC75 EDGE/GPRS or Kyocera M200 CDMA
  1XRTT
• PCI Express Module Sierra MC8755 8765 8775
• MC5720/25

LEDs for Link Activity Signal Strength
Four 50 Ohm Antenna Connector Bank for -Wireless
WAN 2.5/3G -WiFi 802.11 b/g -Zigbee 802.15.4
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ConnectPort X Gateways
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ConnectPort X8

• Network Flexibility
• 3G EVDO or HSDPA for Wireless WAN
• 2.5G EDGE/GPRS and 1xRTT Wireless WAN(1xRTT
  option via Sierra EV-DO PCIe module)
• Ethernet for WAN or LAN
• 802.11.bg for WAN or LAN
• Mesh Zigbee
• MaxStream Freescale 802.15.4
• MaxStream Ember 2.5 stack 3.0 when available
• MaxStream Freescale ZigBee available upon release
• Security
• IPSEC/SSL Tunneling on WAN Connections with DES
  3DES or AES Encryption
• 128 bit encryption on the Zigbee/802.15.4 Network
• Commercial/Industrial Grade
• Enclosed card/module to reduce breakage/theft
• External antennas with standard connectors
• Extended operating temperature -20 to 60C
• Hardened enclosure with built-in mounting flanges
• Real-time clock

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• Dynamic object-oriented language
• Extensive libraries
• Works well with other languages
• True Open Source-gt no royalties
• Runs on a wide range of operating systems-
  Windows Linux/Unix Mac OS X OS/2 Amiga Palm
  Handhelds and Nokia mobile phones. Python has
  also been ported to the Java and .NET virtual
  machines
• Used by Google Yahoo uTube NASA Honeywell
  Disney IBM National Weather Service
• Supporting Rel 2.5 downloadable from
  http//www.python.org/