Generalist Practice: Micro

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Generalist Practice Micro

• An Overview of
• Behavioral Theories
• Cognitive Behavioral Theories

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History Development of Behavioral Theory

• John Locke (1632-1704) Tabula Rasa
• Ivan Pavlov (1927)
• The Great Salivating Dog Experiment
• Watson Skinner (Operant Conditioning)
• Social Learning Theory (Bandura 1960s on)

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Classical versus Operant Conditioning

• Classical
• An association developed between a stimulus and a
  response is strengthened by the pairing of the
  stimulus
• This is the classic Pavlov experiment
• Operant
• Acquiring a new response because of an effect in
  the environment
• Example Use of Reinforcement Punishment

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Concepts of Operant Conditioning
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Schedules of Reinforcement

• Continuous Reinforcement
• Intermittent Reinforcement
• Interval Reinforcement

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Keys to Behaviorism

• Define behavior clearly
• Overt Behaviors Observable and measurable.
• Tearfulness, Hitting, Laughing
• Covert Behaviors Measured by self-report or
  specialized equipment.
• Anxiety, Depression, Fear

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Keys to Behaviorism

• Completing A Functional Analysis
• Antecedents What happens before the behavior (5
  WHs)
• Behavior Measurable Observable (Operationally
  Defined)
• Consequences Can be good, neutral, or bad.
• Ask yourself What is the function of the
  behavior? What goal is the individual attempting
  to accomplish?

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Assessment in Behaviorism

• Behavioral Interview (Identify ABC)
• Behavioral Self-Report (RAI Rating Scales)
• Observations of Key Informants
• Inter-rater Reliability Issues
• Naturalistic Observation
• Functional Behavioral Analysis
• Physiological Measures (Biofeedback)

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Techniques of Helping

• Environmental Changes
• Shaping, Approximating, Chaining
• Systematic Desensitization
• SUDS (Subjective Units of Disturbance)
• Counter-conditioning
• Imaginal Flooding
• In Vivo Desensitization
• Modeling, Role Play, Behavioral Rehearsal
• Behavioral Training

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Generalist Practice Micro

• Cognitive Behavioral Theories

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Famous Theorist

• Beck Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
• Ellis Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
• Meichenbuam Cognitive Behavioral Modification
• Although there are differences in how each theory
  approaches level of direction, confrontation, and
  therapist rolethey all share common themes

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The interplay of affect, behavior, and cognition
Affect
Behavior
Cognition
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Common Themes

• Identifying the content of cognition
• Assumptions
• Beliefs
• Expectations
• Self-Talk
• Attributions
• Examines the interplay between thought, emotion,
  and behavior

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Introducing yet another ABC model

• Cognitive-Behavioral Theory ABC Model
• Activating Event (s)
• Beliefs
• Consequences
• Listening specifically for
• Automatic Thoughts
• Cognitive Distortions

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Assessment in Cognitive-Behavioral Theory

• Interviewing Listening for cognitive
  distortions, thinking errors, self-defeating
  beliefs, and irrational thoughts in the clients
  inner and outer dialogue
• Daily Thought Records
• Reality Testing to assess for malleability of
  thought patterns (i.e. suggesting alternative
  interpretations)

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Common Distortions in Thought

• Arbitrary Inferences conclusions without
  supporting evidence
• Catastrophizing Worst case scenario
• Selective Abstraction Forming conclusions based
  on isolated details of an event, missing the
  total context
• Overgeneralization Extreme beliefs based on
  limited experience or one time experience
• Magnification/Minimization
• Personalization Its all about me
• Labeling/Mislabeling Historic mistakes/
  imperfections define the current person
• Polarized Thinking All or nothing thinking or
  It is all bad or all good.

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Treatment

• Monitor thought patterns
• Identify thinking errors
• Develop alternative explanation and thoughts for
  thinking errors (It has got to make sense to the
  client, not only to you.)
• Lots of other techniques including behavioral
  oriented interventions