Jetstream-31 in INTEX-NENA: Measurements

1
Jetstream-31 in INTEX-NENAMeasurements
Analyses of Aerosol Radiative Properties and
EffectsPhil Russell NASA Ames Research
Center, Moffett Field, CA
J31 photo or drawing goes here. Ben H sending
this morning
ICARTT Planning Meeting Boulder, CO, 21 Jan 2004
2
Jetstream-31 in INTEX-NENA
Outline (per Freds email instructions)

• Platform instrumentation
• Deployment dates locations
• Issues regarding coordination and integration
• Science plans not presented at last Aprils New
  Hampshire meeting

3
Acknowledgments of Funding
Jetstream mods ops (Sky Research task order)

• NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program
• NASA Radiation Sciences Program
• NASA Suborbital Science Program

Measurements, data reduction, archival

• NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry Climate Program

Integrated analyses

• NASA EOS Interdisciplinary Science Program
• NASA Radiation Sciences Program

SSFR funding issues being worked.
4
Jetstream-31 in INTEX-NENA
Planned Instruments

• 14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer
  (AATS-14). PI Phil Russell
• Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR).
• PI Peter Pilewskie

5
Jetstream-31 in INTEX-NENA

• 14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking
• Sunphotometer (AATS-14)

• Measures Solar direct-beam transmission, T, at
  14 wavelengths, l, 353-2139 nm
• Data products
• Aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 13 l, 353-2139 nm
• Water vapor column content using T(940 nm)
• Aerosol extinction,
• 340-2139 nm
• Water vapor
• density

• When
• A/C
• flies
• vertical
• profiles

6
Jetstream-31 in INTEX-NENA

• Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR).
• PI Peter Pilewskie

• Measures
• Up- and down-welling flux
• 300-1700 nm, Resolution 8-12 nm, 1Hz

7
Jetstream-31 in INTEX-NENA
Task Order with Sky Research to Include

• J31 mods to accommodate AATS-14 SSFR
• Instrument integration test flights
• 4 weeks at Pease International Tradeport, NH
• Tentative dates 12 July- 8 Aug
• 50 flight hours

8
Jetstream-31 in INTEX-NENA
Parameter Specification
Length 47 2
Wingspan 52
Ceiling 25,000
Airspeed Max cruise 16,000 Survey 220 kt 150 kt
Range 850 nmi
Endurance 5 hr
Specs Performance
9
R/V Ron Brown Operations Area
200 nm
10
Planned Flight Patterns, J31 in INTEX-NENA
Steph to insert Fig. 2 from NOAA-ACC prop here.
It wont paste from my MSWord file into
PowerPoint.

• Survey Vertical Profile. (2) Minimum- Altitude
  Transect.
• (3) Parking Garage. (4) Above-Cloud Transect.

11
Jetstream-31 in INTEX-NENA
Issues

• Schedule is very tight Need J31 mods to
  accommodate AATS-14 SSFR, integration, test
  flights, calibration,
• SSFR funding still being worked
• Should we attempt to include some J31 in situ
  instruments?
• (Revisit after science presentation)

12
AATS-6 measurements aboard the SPAWAR Navajo

• Science Plans
• Study the radiative-climatic effects of aerosols
  in the context of
• the Summer 2004 experiments on transcontinental/
  
• intercontinental flows
• Address the following INTEX NENA needs cited
  by INTEX
• White Paper and NENA Plan
• - Airborne measurements of spectral optical depth
  (INTEX Table 2, Priority 2 Very important)
• - Large-scale continental outflow
  characterization (Flight Type 4, p. 15) using our
  column measurements of aerosol OD and H2O.
• - Satellite validation (Flight Type 8, p. 15)
  using the same
• - Integrated analyses that combine satellite and
  suborbital measurements to assess impacts of
  continental outflows on the larger-scale
  atmosphere and climate
• - Other INTEX NENA goals, including
  characterizing outflow from US and Canadian
  fires, vertical profiling over ships and fixed
  sites from boundary layer to free troposphere,
  and inter-comparisons to test and validate
  measurements on multiple aircraft platforms.

13
Science Plans Integrated Analyses

• Satellite Validation
• Testing Closure (Consistency) among Suborbital
  Results
• Testing Chemical-Transport Models
• Deriving Aerosol Absorbing Fraction (1-SSA) from
  Radiative Flux and AOD Spectra
• Assessing Regional Radiative Forcing by Combining
  Satellite and Suborbital Results

14
NASA Ames Airborne Sunphotometer-Satellite
Group Major Aerosol Field Campaigns, 1996-2003
Aerosol Optical Depth Derived from Upward
Scattered Solar RadianceAVHRR/NOAA 11,
June-Aug., Husar et al., J. Geophys. Res., 102,
16,889, 1997.
15
Science Plans Integrated Analyses

• Satellite Validation
• Testing Closure (Consistency) among Suborbital
  Results
• Deriving Aerosol Absorbing Fraction (1-SSA) from
  Radiative Flux and AOD Spectra
• Testing Chemical-Transport Models
• Assessing Regional Radiative Forcing by Combining
  Satellite and Suborbital Results

16
Satellite Validations That Used AATS-6 or -14


















17
Clouds and pollutant haze off US East
Coast Viewed by ATSR-2 on ERS-2 (865 nm channel)
77 75
73 71 W
1552 UTC 25 July 1996
Veefkind et al., GRL 1999
18
Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) Retrieved by by
ATSR-2 on ERS-2
1552 UTC 25 July 1996
l 659 nm
AATS-6 on C-131A
Veefkind et al., GRL 1999
19
Comparison of AOD Retrieved by by ATSR-2 and
measured by AATS-6
(AATS-6)
1552 UTC 25 July 1996
Veefkind et al., GRL 1999
20
Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) Retrieved by by
AVHRR on NOAA-14
1845 UTC 25 July 1996
l 640 nm
AATS-6 on C-131A 1842-1906 UTC
Veefkind et al., GRL 1999
21
Comparison of AOD and Angstrom Exponent, AVHRR
and ATSR-2 vs AATS-6
(1845 UTC)
AATS-6, 1842-1906 UTC
(1552 UTC)
AATS-6, 1842-1906 UTC
Veefkind et al., GRL 1999
22
Comparison of AOD Retrieved by by MISR on Terra
and Measured by AATS-14 on CV-580
Schmid et al., JGR 2003
23
(No Transcript)
24
Science Plans Integrated Analyses

• Satellite Validation
• Testing Closure (Consistency) among Suborbital
  Results
• Testing Chemical-Transport Models
• Deriving Aerosol Absorbing Fraction (1-SSA) from
  Radiative Flux and AOD Spectra
• Assessing Regional Radiative Forcing by Combining
  Satellite and Suborbital Results

25

• August 22, 2000
• AATS-14 Persistent horizontal gradient in AOD
• AATS-14 Vertical profiles of aerosol and H2O
• Comparisons AATS-14 with AERONET Cimel and 2
  lidars (ground ER-2)

26
Aerosol profile from ground-based and airborne
lidars and airborne sun photometer Skukuza,
South Africa, 22 August 2000
27
Extinction Profile Comparison over NOAA Ship
ACE-Asia
28
Science Plans Integrated Analyses

• Satellite Validation
• Testing Closure (Consistency) among Suborbital
  Results
• Testing Chemical-Transport Models
• Deriving Aerosol Absorbing Fraction (1-SSA) from
  Radiative Flux and AOD Spectra
• Assessing Regional Radiative Forcing by Combining
  Satellite and Suborbital Results

29
Comparisons of AOD vertical distributions AATS-14
measurements vs GOCART model
Redemann, Chin et al.
30
Science Plans Integrated Analyses

• Satellite Validation
• Testing Closure (Consistency) among Suborbital
  Results
• Testing Chemical-Transport Models
• Deriving Aerosol Absorbing Fraction (1-SSA) from
  Radiative Flux and AOD Spectra
• Assessing Regional Radiative Forcing by Combining
  Satellite and Suborbital Results

31
SSFR measurements to determine absorption by an
atmospheric layer

• Downwelling Flux F?
• Upwelling Flux F?
• Net Flux F?- F?
• Flux Divergence (absorption)
• (F?- F?)2000m- (F?- F?)43m
• Fractional absorption
• (F?- F?)2000m- (F?- F?)43m/ F?2000m

2000 m
43 m
32
Pilewskie, Bergstrom, Schmid et al.
33
Aerosol Single Scattering Albedo Spectrum
Derived from measured flux and AOD spectra
Single scattering albedo
Bergstrom,Pilewskie, Schmid et al.
Wavelength, nm
34
(No Transcript)
35
Things we typically do during and after an AATS
mission

• Satellite Validation
• Testing Closure (Consistency) among Suborbital
  Results
• Deriving Aerosol Absorbing Fraction (1-SSA) from
  Radiative Flux and AOD Spectra
• Testing Chemical-Transport Models
• Assessing Regional Radiative Forcing by Combining
  Satellite and Suborbital Results

36
Regional Assessment of Aerosol Radiative
ForcingNorth Atlantic, 25-60 N
Needs
Approach

• Combine Satellite and Suborbital Data

• ta(l,x,y,z,t)
• wa(l,x,y,z,t)
• ba(l,x,y,z,t)
• As(l,x,y,m0)

37
Regional Assessment of Aerosol Radiative
ForcingNorth Atlantic, 25-60 N
Satellite ta(0.5 mm,x,y,t)
Suborbital (TARFOX ACE-2)

• ta(l)/ta(0.5 mm) Sunphotometer Meas.
• ta(z) Sunphotom. Meas
• wa(l) 4 Techniques (Russell et al., JAS, 2001)
• ba(l,m0) Size distributions sunphot in situ
  meas
• As(m0) A/C Pyranometers

TARFOX 1996
ACE -2 1997
AVHRR, Jun-Aug Husar et al., JGR 1997
38
Regional Assessment of Aerosol Radiative
ForcingNorth Atlantic, 25-60 N
Satellite ta(0.5 mm,x,y,t)
Satellite Suborbital DaFtropopause (W m-2)
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
Net Flux Change (W m-2)
AVHRR, Jun-Aug Husar et al., JGR 1997
Tropopause, wa0.9, no clouds Bergstrom
Russell, GRL 1999
39
Jetstream-31 in INTEX-NENA
Issues (revisit)

• Schedule is very tight J31 mods to accommodate
  AATS-14 SSFR, integration, test flights,
  calibration,
• SSFR funding still being worked
• Should we attempt to include some J31 in situ
  instruments?

• All example analyses just shown used no in situ
  data from the AATS-SSFR aircraft.
• But, we have done a lot with such in situ data in
  the past (esp. closure tests of different methods
  to determine multiwavelength extinction of humid,
  ambient aerosols).
• Attempting in-cabin measurements of humid
  aerosols without sufficient expertise, time,
  funding would be a waste.
• Best course of action may be to make careful
  inquiries among selected experts to see if they
  have time, funding, interest to add selected in
  situ instruments. Best chance wing mounted size
  spectrometer(s)?

40
Jetstream-31 in INTEX-NENA
End of Presentation(Remaining slides are backup)
41
Regional Assessment of Aerosol Radiative
ForcingNorth Pacific, 20-55 N
Needs
Approach

• Combine Satellite and Suborbital Data

• ta(l,x,y,z,t)
• wa(l,x,y,z,t)
• ba(l,x,y,z,t)
• As(l,x,y,m0)

42
Regional Assessment of Aerosol Shortwave
Radiative ForcingNorth Pacific, 20-55 N
Suborbital (ACE-Asia)
Satellite ta(865 nm,x,y,t)

• ta(l)/ta(865 nm) Models constr. by Sat.
  Sunphot.
• ta(z) A/C, Lidar Meas (dust above pollution)
• wa(z,l) A/C Meas, Models
• ba(l,m0) Size distributions sunphot in situ
  meas
• As(m0) models

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
SeaWiFS, April 2001 C. Hsu retrieval
43
Aerosol Vertical Profiles Assumed for Forcing
Calculations
tdust /tpoll adjusted to make amodel aSeaWiFS
Bergstrom et al.
44
Calculated Aerosol Shortwave Forcing vs Optical
Depth
Ratio, DF?, Surface
2 to 3
DFnet, TOA
Dust
Pollution
Larger over land
Bergstrom
45
Sunphotometer channel wavelengths and atmospheric
spectra
46
AATS-6 measurements aboard the SPAWAR Navajo
INTEX White Paper 2 December 2002 Table 2
INTEX-NA payload and nominal measurement
requirements for DC-8 and P-3B
Species/ parameters Priority DC-8 Priority P-3B Detection Limit Nominal Resolution
Remote measurements Remote measurements
Spectral/flux radiometers/optical depth 2 2 10-5/s (juv) 10 s
Priority 1 Mission critical Priority 2 Very
important Priority 3 Important Priority 4
Useful Priority 5 Exploratory. Superior
resolution than noted here is highly desirable.
47
(No Transcript)
48
How can airborne sunphotometry best complement
the satellite validation job being done with
AERONET?
TOMS retrieved AOD (380 nm)
AERONET measured AOD (380 or 440 nm)
49
(No Transcript)
50
aim of the meeting is to review the
implementation plans for various elements of the
2004 ICARTT study and to determine
whatadjustments and revisions may be required to
better coordinate andintegrate activities. We
want to focus on joint planning,  For the
sectiontitled "Reviews and updates on mission
objectives, science plans andplatform
deployment", list deployment dates, locations of
deployment andplatform instrumentaiton. Limit
the presentation of your own science plansto the
changes that may have occurred since the New
Hampshire meeting thatmay effect joint
planning. 
51
(No Transcript)
52
Colarco et al. JGR 2003
53
Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometers (AATS) And
How They Are Used
AATS-6
SAGE
Volcanic Emissions
Urban Pollution
Terra
H20
Desert Dust
AATS-14
O3
Biomass Smoke
54
(No Transcript)