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Types of Mixtures

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Suspensions: mixtures containing particles that settle down when left undisturbed. ... Ex: soda, sea water, antifreeze (ethylene glycol in water) Solid solutions: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Types of Mixtures


1
Types of Mixtures
  • Learning Target
  • Compare properties of different mixtures
  • Properties of solutions

2
Main Idea Mixtures can either be heterogeneous
or homogeneous
  • Heterogeneous mixtures visible different parts
  • Suspensions mixtures containing particles that
    settle down when left undisturbed. Ex muddy
    water
  • Thixotropic mixtures solid like mixtures that
    flow like liquids when stirred or agitated. Ex
    toothpaste, some paints
  • Colloids A heterogeneous mixture of intermediate
    particles, and can settle out of solution. Ex
    milk, whipped cream

3
  • Homogeneous mixtures uniform throughout
  • solutions
  • Parts of a solution
  • Solute substance that gets dissolved in another
    substance
  • Solvent substance that does the dissolving

4
Types of Solutions
  • Gas Solutions
  • solute gas, solvent gas
  • Ex air
  • Liquid Solutions
  • Solvent liquid, solute solid, liquid, or gas
  • Ex soda, sea water, antifreeze (ethylene glycol
    in water)
  • Solid solutions
  • Solvent solid, solute solid, liquid, gas
  • Ex alloys, dental filling (mercury in Silver),
    charcoal filter (toxic gases in carbon)
  • Aqueous solutions
  • Solvent water

5
Forming solutions
  • A substance that dissolves in a solvent is said
    to soluble.
  • Two liquids that are soluble in each other in any
    proportion are said to be miscible.
  • A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent
    is said to be insoluble.
  • Two liquids that are mixed together, but
    eventually separate are immiscible.

6
Solution Concentration
  • Measure of how much solute is dissolved in
    specific amount of solvent.
  • Described qualitatively as concentrated
    (containing large amount of solute) or dilute
    (containing small amount of solute).
  • Expressed quantitatively in terms of percent
    (percent by mass, percent by volume) or moles
    (molarity, molality).

7
Concentration Ratios (by percent)
  • Percent by mass mass of solute x 100 mass
    of solution
  • Percent by volume volume of solute x
    100 volume of solution

8
Example
  • What is percent by mass of NaCl if 3.6 g of salt
    is dissolved in 100.0 g of water?
  • Answer
  • mass mass of solute x 100 mass of
    solution mass of solution mass of solute
    mass of solvent
  • mass 3.6 g x 100 3.5 100.3 g

9
Example
  • 2. If 18 mL of methanol is used to make an
    aqueous solution that is 15 methanol by volume,
    how many milliliters of solution is produced?

10
Molarity (M)
  • Number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of
    solution.
  • M moles of solutes/ liters of solution
  • Molality (m) ratio of number of moles of solute
    dissolved in Kg solvent.
  • m moles of solute / kg of solvent
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