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I should like someone to remember that there
once lived a person named David Berger. David
Berger, from his last letter, 1941
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HOLOCAUST REMEMBRANCE
January 27
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The Holocaust
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The Holocaust is the name applied to the
systematic state-sponsored persecution and
genocide of the Jews of Europe, along with
various ethnic, religious and political groups
during World War II by Nazi Germany and its
collaborators.
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• Antisemitism
• The root of the Holocaust was the hatred of Jews
  as a group or of "the Jew" as a concept.
• The term Antisemitism was first used in the late
  1870s, and since then it has come to be used with
  reference to all types of Jew-hatred, both
  historical and modern.
• However, there is no such thing as "Semitism,"
  and no other groups other than the Jews have ever
  been included in the hatred and prejudice denoted
  by antisemitism.

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1938 One of the first acts of hatred against the
Jewish people was "Crystal Night" or "Night of
the Broken Glass . This was carried out by the
Nazis throughout Germany and Austria on November
9--10, 1938.
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Many other horrible acts and inhumane treatment
of the Jewish people would follow.
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1939-1941 The Euthanasia Program was established
to "maintain the genetic purity" of the German
population by killing citizens who were
deformed, disabled, handicapped, or suffering
from mental illness.
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Over 200,000 people were killed through the
Euthanasia Program.
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1940-1945 After the invasion of Poland, the
Nazis created ghettos in which Jews were made to
live until they were eventually shipped to death
camps and killed.
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The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest, with 380,000
people, but ghettos were instituted in many
cities.
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1941-1943 As many as 1.6 million Jews were killed
in open-air shootings by Nazis and their
collaborators, especially before the
establishment of the concentration camps.
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Over 33,000 Jews were shot in the course of two
days by Nazi death squads.
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1942 The Nazis began the most destructive phase
of the Holocaust, the extermination camps, in
1942. More than 1.7 million Jews were killed at
three camps by October 1943.
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The largest death camp built was
Auschwitz-Birkenau. This camp was responsible for
the deaths of an estimated 1,000,000 Jews.
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At the peak of operations, Birkenau's gas
chambers killed approximately 8,000 a day.
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1944-1945 As the armies of the Allies closed in
on the Nazi Reich, the Germans decided to abandon
the extermination camps, moving or destroying
evidence of the atrocities they had committed
there.
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The Nazis marched prisoners, already sick after
months or years of violence and starvation, for
tens of miles in the snow to train stations. Then
they were transported for days at a time without
food or shelter in freight trains with open
carriages and forced to march again at the other
end to the new camp. Prisoners who lagged behind
or fell were shot.
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1944 In July, the first major Nazi camp,
Majdanek, was discovered by the advancing
Soviets, who eventually liberated Auschwitz in
January 1945.
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In most of the camps discovered by the Soviets,
the prisoners had already been transported by
death marches, leaving only a few thousand
prisoners alive.
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Concentration camps were also liberatedby
American and British forces, including
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp on April 15.
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Some 60,000 prisoners were discovered at the
camp, but 10,000 died from disease or
malnutrition within a few weeks of liberation.
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Anne Frank One of the most widely known people to
die in the Holocaust was Anne Frank. Her
experiences are chronicled in the The Diary of
Anne Frank.
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6,000,000 or more?
The commonly used figure for the number of Jewish
victims is 6,000,000, though some estimates by
historians of the exact number range from five
million to over six million.
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About 220,000 other ethnic groups, such as the
Sinti and Roma, were also killed in the
Holocaust. Some estimates are as high as
800,000, between a quarter to a half of the
European population.
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Many other groups deemed "racially inferior" or
"undesirable" were also persecuted and murdered.
These groups included
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• Soviet military prisoners of - Russians, Slavs,
  and Poles
• Mentally or physically disabled
• Homosexuals
• Jehovah's Witnesses
• Communists
• Political dissidents and criminals.

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Taking all these other groups into account, the
total death toll rises considerably.
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Estimates generally place the total number of
Holocaust victims at 9 to 11 million.
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though some estimates have been as high as 26
million.
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So today..
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We remember..
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David Berger and all of the other people
those whose names are known
and those whose names are not known.
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Today the reminders cry out to
us
remember
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Those who cannot learn from history are doomed
to repeat it. George Santayana
Spanish-American philosopher, poet and humanist
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The Story of David Berger David Berger was born
and grew up in the Polish town of Przemysl. When
the war broke out, in 1939, he fled from the
invading While in Vilna he corresponded with his
friend, Elsa, who had managed to leave Poland for
British-controlled Palestine in 1938. In this
postcard he bid Elsa farewell, assuming that he
would not survive. He was shot in Vilna in July
1941. He was 19 years old.
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Bibliography http//www1.yadvashem.org/education
/adl/lesson_2.htm http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The
_Holocaust http//www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jso
urce/images/Holocaust/ http//www.annefrank.org/co
ntent.asp?pid1lid2 http//www.ncssm.edu/holocau
st/g1photo2full.html http//names.yadvashem.org/wp
s/portal/IY_HON_Entrance www.google.com