Chapter 14: East and South Asia

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Chapter 14 East and South Asia

• 500 BCE 1400 CE

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Section 3 Southeast Asia

• Southeast Asia includes what countries???
• Myanmar (Burma)
• Thailand
• Vietnam
• Laos
• Cambodia
• Malaysia
• Singapore
• Brunei
• Indonesia
• Philippines

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Southeast Asia

• Mainland (Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos,
  Cambodia)
• Tropical
• Warm climates
• Plenty of rain.

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Southeast Asia

• Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia,
  Philippines.
• 10,000 islands making up ARCHIPELAGOS.

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Review Questions

• Who were the Khmer?
• Cambodian kings
• Ruled 802 1400 CE
• More influenced by India

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Review

• What is significant about Angkor Wat?
• Temple of the Capital
• Built in 1100s
• Built to honor Hindu god Vishnu and King
  Suryavarman.
• One square mile!

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Vietnam

• What influence did China have over Vietnam?
• Chinese Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism.
• Civil Service for government.
• Paying TRIBUTE to China.

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Vietnam

• What things kept Vietnam from becoming too much
  like China?
• Belief in animism
• Dinhs
• Different language (but used Chinese characters)

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Who were military leaders in Vietnam?

• The Trung Sisters
• 39 CE
• Wore armor and rode elephants into battle.
• Kept the Chinese out of Vietnam for 2 years.
• Committed suicide rather than being captured by
  the Chinese.

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Who were the military leaders of Vietnam?

• Ngo Quyen (Noo chu-YEHN)
• 938 CE
• Battle of Bach Dang River

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Battle of Bach Dang River

• Vietnamese planted spears with iron tips in the
  river.
• At high tide, the Chinese couldnt see the poles.
• Vietnamese lured them to where the poles were
• When low tide came, it trapped the Chinese fleet.

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The Battle of Bach Dang River

• Chinese navy was trapped.
• Vietnamese used GREEK FIRE on their arrows.
• Today called phosphorus

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Vietnam dates their independence from this battle
. EVEN THOUGH ..

• The Vietnamese won the battle but lost the war.
• Agreed to pay China TRIBUTE
• The Vietnamese Emperor was emperor in Vietnam but
  only referred to himself as a king when he
  wrote the Chinese emperor.

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BTW

• Vietnam continued paying tribute to China until
  1904!
• There was a Vietnamese emperor until 1945 - Bao
  Dai.
• 1913 - 1997

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Myanmar AKA Burma

• Heavily influenced by Buddhism and India.
• Pagan (pah-GAHN) was the capital.

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Myanmar / Burma

• Pagan was a center for Buddhist learning with
  temples and monasteries. In the 1200s CE.

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Who ruined Pagan?

• THE MONGOLS!
• Kublai Khan came to visit in the 1200s.

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The Mongols

• Well learn more about that later!
• Gruesome, brutal warriors.
• Youll really like em!

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The Burmese who managed to escape Kublai Khan

• Set up fortified towns in the south along rivers.
• Burman culture was preserved BUT it took 300
  years to again become a kingdom.
• Called Myanmar in the 1500s.

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The Thai

• Chinese who immigrated to the area in 700 CE.
• 1238 first kingdom at Sukhothai (SOO-kah-TY)

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Sukhothai (SOO-Kah-TY)

• The kingdom lasted only 100 years.
• But the kings are remembered as wise.

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King Ramkhamhaeng (rahm-KAHM-hong)

• 1275 1317
• Made Sukhothai into a center for art and
  learning.
• The Thai developed an alphabet and lettering
  based on the Khmer sanskrit.

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King Ramkhamhaeng (rahm-KAHM-hong)

• Chinese taught making of porcelain.
• Buddhist monks spread Buddhism.
• Temples were built.
• The Golden Age

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End of the Sukhothai rulers.

• 1350 Prince Ramathibodi (rah-MAH-thee-BOH-dee)
  overthrew the kings.
• Created a new kingdom Ayutthaya (ah-too-thy-yuh)
  and created the capital of Thailand today
  BANGKOK.

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Ayutthaya kingdom lasted 400 years

• 33 kings!
• Expanded the borders to most of SE Asia.
• Traded teak wood, salt, spices and hides with the
  eastern world.

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The Seafaring Kingdoms

• Indonesian islands became a crossroads in the
  expanding international trade between Arabian
  peninsula and China.

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Sumatra and Java are part of Indonesia today

• BUT from 600 1100 the islands were the home of
  the Srivijaya (SHREE-vih-JAY-uh) Empire.
• Great trading empire with great wealth.

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Seafaring nations of Indonesia and Malaysia

• Until the 1400s Hinduism and Buddhism were
  dominant religions.
• 1200s Muslim traders brought Islam to Malaysia
  and Indonesia.

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The Seafaring Nations of Indonesia and Malaysia

• By 1500s all the islands were Muslim EXCEPT Bali!
• Bali, even today, has kept its Hindu religion and
  culture.

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1511 The Europeans Arrive

• Gradually took control of the seafaring countries
  by turning local rulers against each other.

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Central Asia The Steppe Peoples

• Seljuk Turks
• The MONGOLS!
• I told you wed come back to them!

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The Steppe People

• Beginning in the 1000s nomadic groups formed
  cavalry to protect their pasture lands.
• Occurred to them Why not use this cavalry to
  invade other countries?

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The Seljuk Turks

• 800 CE Iraqs Abbasid rulers in Baghdad hired
  the nomadic Seljuk Turks to fight their wars.
• The Seljuks realized they were more powerful than
  their employers.
• What do you think happened?

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The Seljuk Turks

• Took over!
• Set up kingdoms in the Middle East.
• Traded with Asia and Europe.
• Used wealth of trade to build an empire.

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The Seljuk Turks

• Took over much of the country of Turkey in1071.
• Invaded Palestine and prevented Christian
  pilgrimages to holy sights associated with Jesus.
• THAT started the First Crusade.

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The Seljuk Turks

• BUT! The Seljuk Turks had a weakness!
• They never had a system of administration.
• If you had a smart leader things were okay.
  BUT if you didnt .
• In-fighting broke out.
• THEN came the Mongols.

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The Mongols

• Came out of a remote area between China and
  Russia.
• Amazon connection??

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The Mongols

• Three great leaders
• Ghenghis Khan
• Kublai Khan
• Timur Lenk (Tamerlane)

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The Mongols

• Expert fighters on horseback, using bow and
  arrow.
• Usually were on the move. Practically did
  EVERYTHING in the saddle.
• When they did occasionally settle they lived in
  YURTS and ate meat and mares milk.

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Temujin Ghenghis Khan

• Organized tribal chiefs.
• Organized Mongol armies into disciplined cavalry
  units.
• Created the most skilled fighting unit known at
  that time.
• KHAN Absolute Ruler

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Mongol Conquests

• Conquered many people.
• Collected a HUGE amount of Tribute.

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Mongol Conquests

• 1211 the Invasion of China.
• Learned Chinese techniques of SIEGE warfare.
• Used gunpowder, storming ladders, battering rams.

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Ghenghis Khan to Kublai Khan

• 1227 Ghenghis died.
• Kublai Khan continued the fight until 1270.
• Conquered China and became the emperors.

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Kublai Khans victories

• Invaded and conquered Russia.
• Invaded and conquered Baghdad
• Invaded and conquered Persia.
• Invaded and conquered parts of central Asia
  (Myanmar)

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Kublai Khan and Marco Polo

• 1297 Marco Polo traveled with his father and
  uncle to China.
• Stayed 17 years and became a favorite to Kublai
  Khan.
• Brought back incredible wealth to Italy.

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Kublai Khan and Marco Polo

• Wrote about his time in China.
• Brought back spaghetti, gunpowder, and the
  compass.
• MAJOR technology.

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Mongol unity did not last for long

• Too big of an empire.
• Splintered into different kingdoms.
• Mongols in Persia and Iraq converted to Islam.
• Mongols in China adopted Chinese customs.
• By 1300 the Mongol Empire was no more.

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Tamerlane

• 1390s Turk Mongol Tamerlane reconquered
  neighboring tribes in Russia.
• Claiming descent from Ghenghis Khan invaded and
  conquered most of the Middle East.

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Tamerlane

• Ruthless leader.
• Had his own ideas about Islam and didnt like
  people to question him.
• 1405 Tamerlane died.
• Much of the world rejoiced!

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Mongol Decline in China

• After Kublai Khan there were weak rulers.
• 1368 Buddhist monk Zhu Yuanzhang (JOO
  YOO-AHN-JAHNG) led an army and overthrew the
  dynasty.