Empires in East Asia, 6001350

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Empires in East Asia , 6001350
Chapter Overview
Time Line
Two Great Dynasties in China
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SECTION
MAP
The Mongol Conquests
2
SECTION
Empire of the Great Khan
3
SECTION
Feudal Powers in Japan
4
SECTION
GRAPH
Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea
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SECTION
Visual Summary
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Empires in East Asia , 6001350
China, the most advanced country in the world, is
conquered by the Mongols, who overrun most of
Asia and eastern Europe. They rule briefly before
losing their empire. China and India influence
the cultures of Japan, Korea, and many Southeast
Asian kingdoms.
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Empires in East Asia , 6001350
Time Line
935 Koryu Dynasty controls Korea.
618 Tang Dynasty begins 300-year rule in China.
Scholar-officials managed the Tang government.
1185 Kamakura shogunate rules Japan.
794 Heian period begins in Japan.
960 Song Dynasty established in China.
1279 Kublai Khan conquers China.
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Two Great Dynasties in China
MAP
Key Idea
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, China becomes
the richest, most powerful, and most advanced
country in the world. Its trading routes extend
throughout Asia.
Overview
Assessment
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Two Great Dynasties in China
MAP
Overview
Tang Taizong Wu Zhao movable type
gentry
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
During the Tang and Song dynasties, China
experienced an era of prosperity and
tech-nological innovation.
Chinese inventions from this period, such as
printing, gunpowder, and the compass, changed
history.
Assessment
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Two Great Dynasties in China
MAP
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Explain the similarities and
differences between the Tang and Song dynasties.
Both
Expanded the empire, had a female
ruler, reformed the civil service
Prospered through trade, improved agriculture,
created great art and literature
Ruled smaller empire, developed into great sea
power, created paper money and movable type
continued . . .
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Two Great Dynasties in China
MAP
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Section
Assessment
2. What impact did improvements in transportation
have on Tang and Song China? THINK ABOUT
ways transportation was improved
how these improvements were made
relationships among regions in China
trade with other countries
ANSWER
Expanded roads and canals linked regions of
China and spurred trade. Advances in sailing
technology expanded sea trade and cultural
exchange with other nations.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Two Great Dynasties in China
MAP
1
Section
Assessment
3. What actions taken by the Sui, Tang, and Song
emperors strengthened Chinas empire? What
actions weakened it? THINK ABOUT
military gains and losses
changes to the government
improvements in transportation and trade
cultural changes
ANSWER

• Strengthened built Grand Canal (Sui) guarded
  Silk Roads, improved roads, promoted trade,
  restored civil service (Tang) improved
  agriculture, expanded sea trade, issued paper
  money (Song)
• Weakened imposed high taxes, lost control of
  empire (Tang) lost northern China (Song)

Possible Responses
End of Section 1
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The Mongol Conquests
Key Idea
The Mongols, a nomadic people from the Central
Asian steppes, succeed in conquering most of Asia
and eastern Europe. They establish the largest
empire the world has ever seen and briefly rule
China.
Overview
Assessment
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The Mongol Conquests
Overview
pastoralist clan Genghis Khan
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Mongols, a nomadic people from the steppe,
conquered settled societies across much of Asia.
The Mongols built the largest unified land empire
in world history.
Assessment
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The Mongol Conquests
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List the series of events leading to
the creation of the Mongol Empire.
Genghis Khan conquers Central Asia.
His son Ogadai becomes Great Khan.
Mongols spread conquest south, east, and west.
Ogadai dies and westward campaign ends.
Mongol Empire controls much of Eurasia.
continued . . .
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The Mongol Conquests
2
Section
Assessment
2. What characteristics of Mongol culture do you
think contributed to their military success?
Explain your response. THINK ABOUT
how the nomadic way of life shaped Mongol
culture
the personality and leadership qualities of
Genghis Khan
Mongol weapons and tactics
ANSWER
Nomadic groups fought among themselves, which
geared them for warfare. Contact with other
cultures brought new weapons and tactics.
Large supply caravans gave armies mobility and
flexibility. Riding skills, stirrups made
cavalry powerful. Mobile way of life was well
suited for war.
Possible Responses
End of Section 2
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Empire of the Great Khan
Key Idea
Mongol rule opens China to foreign visitors and
to extensive trade both internally and abroad.
Marco Polos visit to China introduces the
country and its many inventions to Europe.
Overview
Assessment
continued . . .
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Empire of the Great Khan
Overview
Kublai Khan Marco Polo
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Kublai Khan ruled China and encouraged foreign
trade, but the Yuan Dynasty was beset by
problems.
The influence of Chinese ideas on Western
civilization began with the Mongols
encouragement of trade.
Assessment
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Empire of the Great Khan
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Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List seven events that show the impact
of Kublai Khan on East Asia.
Established a Mongol dynasty (Yuan)
Extended foreign trade
Conquered China
Improved communication within China and across
Asia
Fought unsuccessful wars in Southeast Asia
Failed to conquer Japan
Reunited China
continued . . .
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Empire of the Great Khan
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Section
Assessment
2. Judging from the events of the Yuan Dynasty,
do you think the Mongol policies toward the
Chinese were effective? THINK ABOUT
the accomplishments of Kublai Khan as emperor
of China
the Mongols policies towards the Chinese
the military campaigns of Kublai Khan
the fate of the Yuan Dynasty
ANSWER
NoThe policies only made the Chinese resent the
Mongols and eventually rebel granting the
Chinese more power and freedom might have led
them to accept Mongol rule. YesThe Chinese
resented foreign rule, and strong policies kept
them at bay only weakened leadership allowed the
dynasty to be overthrown.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Empire of the Great Khan
3
Section
Assessment
3. What evidence is there that the Chinese way of
life influenced the Mongol conquerors? THINK ABOUT
the seat of Kublai Khans empire
Kublais actions as emperor of China
ANSWER
Kublai Khan spent years in China and adopted
many of its ways. He built luxurious palaces
and dressed as a Chinese emperor. He moved the
capital from Mongolia to Beijing. He kept
Chinese government institutions in place.
Possible Responses
End of Section 3
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Feudal Powers in Japan
GRAPH
Key Idea
Japanese civilization is shaped by Chinese
influence, the clan system, and a feudal system.
Rival war lords eventually set an emperor over
all of Japan.
Overview
Assessment
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Feudal Powers in Japan
GRAPH
Overview
Shinto samurai Bushido shogun
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Japanese civilization was shaped by cultural
borrowing from China and the rise of feudalism
and military rulers.
An openness to adapting innovations from other
cultures is still a hallmark of Japanese society.
Assessment
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Feudal Powers in Japan
GRAPH
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Summarize the main periods and events
in Japanese history between the years 300 and
1300.
500 Koreans bring Buddhist images and
scriptures to Yamato court.
794 Capital moved to Heian.
1192 Yoritomo becomes first shogun.
300 Chinese writings first mention Japan.
600s-800s Japan adopts aspects of Chinese culture.
1000-1200 Feudal system develops.
1274 and 1281 Japan turns back Mongol invasions.
continued . . .
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Feudal Powers in Japan
GRAPH
4
Section
Assessment
2. Was the rise of the shogun beneficial for
Japan overall? Explain. THINK ABOUT
problems developing in feudal Japan
powers of the shogun
achievements under the Kamakura shoguns
ANSWER
Yes, a strong military leader can reduce
conflicts between rival clans. No, power is
concentrated in one person.
Possible Responses
End of Section 4
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Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea
Key Idea
India and China heavily influence Vietnam,
Cambodia, Korea, and other Southeast Asian
cultures. These kingdoms struggle to remain
independent.
Overview
Assessment
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Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea
Overview
Khmer Empire Angkor Wat Koryu Dynasty
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Several smaller kingdoms prospered in East and
Southeast Asia, a region culturally influenced by
China and India.
Chinese cultural influences still affect East and
Southeast Asia today.
Assessment
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Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea
5
Section
Assessment
1. List six important kingdoms or dynasties
covered in this section, and at least two major
accomplishments of each.
Khmer
Built irrigation system and Angkor Wat
Srivijaya
Dominated Strait of Malacca created center of
Buddhist learning
Sailendra
Prospered through agriculture built Borobudur
Vietnam
Gained independence from China defeated the
Mongols
Silla
United Korea developed writing
Koryu
Established civil service produced celadon
pottery
continued . . .
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Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea
5
Section
Assessment
2. Give examples to show how geography influenced
the history and culture of Southeast Asia and of
Korea. THINK ABOUT
the climate
location relative to other countries
natural features of water and land
ANSWER
Southeast Asias climate favored rice
production. Proximity to India and China
helped shaped its culture. Sea routes
provided profitable trade. Mountain ranges
and the sea helped Korea remain independent from
Japan.
Possible Responses
End of Section 5