II. Egypt

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II. Egypt

• A. Where is this place?
• 1. Egypt is dominated by
• deserts and the Nile River
• 2. The Nile has two sources
• a. White Nile Lake
• Victoria
• b. Blue Nile Ethiopian
• Highlands
• 3. Nile flows into the Mediterranean
• Sea

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• 4. Egypt is known as the Gift
• of the Nile
• a. Floods left behind fertile
• soil
• b. Flood waters used to
• irrigate crops
• c. Only fertile farmland in
• Egypt is located
  along the
• Delta

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• 5. Natural advantages of the
• Nile
• a. Fertile soil left behind
• after floods
• b. Sunny, frost- free climate
• made it easy to
  grow a
• variety of crops
• c. Current helps travel north
• and northern
  winds help
• travel south

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• d. Granite, sandstone, and
• limestone found
  there
• became building
• materials
• e. Deserts surrounding the
• Nile protect the
  people
• from invaders

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• 6. Isthmus A narrow piece of
• land that connects two larger
  
• pieces of land
• a. Isthmus that connects
• Africa to Asia is the
  
• Isthmus of Suez

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• B. Anybody out there?
• Communicating in ancient Egypt
• 1. hieroglyphics A form of
• ancient writing developed by
• Nile river valley people
• 2. papyrus Kind of paper made
• by Egyptians from the stem
• of a papyrus plant

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• 3. Papyrus also used to make
• a. Rope
• b. Sandals
• c. Boats
• C. I Rule the World -- Governing Egypt
• 1. Originally Egypt was divided
• into two kingdoms
• a. Upper Egypt South
• b. Lower Egypt Delta region

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• 2. Menes, king of upper Egypt
• united both kingdoms c.
  3200
• BC
• 3. He created a dynasty, or
• family of rulers
• 4. He made Egypt wealthy by
• a. Gaining new territory
• b. Improving irrigation and
• trade

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• 5. Eventually Egyptian rulers
• would become known as
• pharaohs
• a. Means great house
• b. Pharaohs ruled with
• absolute power, or
• complete and total
• control

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• c. Pharaohs were the
• greatest absolute
  rulers
• in history
• D. Kingdoms of the Nile
• 1. From Menes to 300 BC Egypt
• was split into three
  kingdoms
• a. Old Kingdom
• b. Middle Kingdom
• c. New Kingdom

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• 2. Old Kingdom (2680-2180 BC)
• a. Built Sphinx
• b. Great Pyramids at Giza
• 3. Middle Kingdom (2050-1650)
• a. Hyksos Group of
• invaders from
  Asia that
• introduced new
  war
• tools
  foreigners
• 1. Chariot
• 2. Compound Bow

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• 4. New Kingdom (1570-1080 BC)
• a. Thutmose II brought
• Egypt to the
  height of its
• power
• b. The worlds first female
• ruler,
  Hatshepsut, ruled
• during this
  period
• c. Amenhotep IV changed
• Egypt from
  polytheism to
• monotheism

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• d. Worshipped one god --
• the sun, known
  as Aton
• e. Changed his name to
• Akenaton He who is
• pleasing to
  Aton
• 5. By 300 BC Egypt lost control
• of its country
• a. A series of invasions by
• various groups
  weakened
• Egypt

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• 1. Assyrians
• 2. Persians
• 3. Nubians
• E. Egyptians Inventions
• 1. Calendar
• 2. Number system based on ten
• 3. Geometry
• 4. Discoveries in medicine
• a. Helped treat illnesses
• b. Preserved bodies after death

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• F. Life After Death
• 1. Egyptians believed in the
• afterlife
• a. Mummification
• b. Built pyramids and other
• burial sites
• c. Put food, weapons,
• tools, and
  clothing in tombs

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• 2. Ankh Powerful religious and
• spiritual image in ancient
• Egypt
• a. Symbolized life
• 3. Osiris Egyptian god of the
• underworld and fertility
• a. Associated with the Nile
• River and agriculture

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• G. What do we grow?
• 1. Crops grown in ancient Egypt
• a. Wheat
• b. Barley
• c. Cotton
• 2. Pharaoh owned all of the land
• in Egypt
• a. Peasants gave part of their
• crops to the
  Pharaoh to pay
• rent and taxes

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• H. How do I get what I want?
• 1. Two methods to conduct
• trade
• a. caravan Groups of
• people traveling
• together over
  long
• distances for
  safety
• 1. Went into Asia and
• Africa

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• 2. Trade by sea
• a. Egypt was one of the
• first to build
  seagoing
• ships
• 1. Traveled to the
• 
  Mediterranean and
• Red Seas,
  and
• African coast