Policing: Issues and Trends

1
Policing Issues and Trends

• Issues in Patrolling
• Policing and New Technology
• Police Abuse of Power
• Civic Accountability
• Private Policing

2
Does Preventive Patrol WorkThe Kansas City Study

• Variations in patrol techniques (normal,
  proactive, and reactive) had very little effect
  on crime and citizens attitudes towards the
  police.

3
Hot Spots of Crime

• Part of Problem-Oriented Policing
• This concept concentrates on a relatively few
  locations that produce a significant portion of
  all police calls.

4
Foot Patrol Arguments

• Relate to community
• Citizen satisfaction
• Prevents crime
• Research mixed on foot patrol effectiveness

5
1 vs. 2 Person Patrol Units

• 2 person uneconomical
• Good and Bad points
• Union pressure

6
Aggressive Patrol Effects?

• It may not be the mere presence of police that
  deters crime, but how they approach the job.
• Aggressive patrol and
• crackdowns in
• crime hot spots
• may help reduce
• criminal activity.

7
Community-Oriented Policing

• Citizens must actively participate with police in
  fighting crime. Power must be shared with local
  groups to give way to a bottom-up
  decision-making process.

8
Policing and New Technology

• Crime Scene Investigation
• Electronic Surveillance
• Computer advances
• Non-lethal weapons
• Issues
• Civil Liberties
• Accuracy

9
Police Use and Abuse of Force

• Growing problem
• Wide range of practices
• Whats reasonable?
• Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
• Risk of lawsuits

10
Police Force and Citizen Force
Forces must be commensurate
Force used to resist arrest
Force used to arrest
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Use of Force Model
12
Police Corruption

• Mooching
• Chiseling
• Favoritism
• Prejudice
• Shopping

• Extortion
• Bribery
• Shakedown
• Perjury
• Premeditated theft

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Police Corruption Types

• Meat Eaters
• Those who aggressively misuse police power for
  personal gain by demanding bribes, threatening
  legal action or cooperating with criminals.

• Grass Eaters
• Those who accept payoffs when their everyday
  duties place them in a position to be solicited
  by the public.

14
Police Accountability

• Maintaining public confidence
• Policing the Police regulation methods
• Internal Affairs
• Civilian Review Boards
• Standards and Accreditation
• Civil Liability Suits

15
Private Policing
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Private Policing

• Functions
• Private employment of public police
• Public-Private interface
• Recruitment and training

17
Respect My Authority!
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Quick Test
1) ___ are designed to incapacitate a suspect
without inflicting serious injuries or the
likelihood of death.
Non-lethal weapons
2) ___ is the general term for reviewing police
behavior to ensure that police officers act
within the boundaries of the law.
Civic accountability
3) ___ is the Supreme Court case that found a 4th
Amendment violation in the shooting of an
unarmed, nonviolent fleeing felony suspect.
Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
4) ___ is a proactive form of patrolling that
directs resources to known high crime areas
Directed patrol (for hot spots)