Beyond Consciousness to Cosmos: Beyond Relativity and Quantum Theory to Cosmic Theory

1
Beyond Consciousness to Cosmos Beyond Relativity
and Quantum Theory to Cosmic Theory

• Why We Have No Physical Cosmology, and How to
  Start Creating One
• Henry Lindner
• www.henrylindner.net

2
Goals

• Discuss the origins and nature of Relativity and
  Quantum Mechanics
• Show that Relativity is inadequate ideology
• Introduce Natural Philosophy as the disciplined
  use of full our cognitive abilities
• Introduce a physical theory of space and motion
  to replace Relativity
• Demonstrate how this theory can explain
  astronomical anomalies

3
KuhnIdeas Rule!

• Scientists are trained to work within a
  philosophical program
• They have neither the mental tools nor the
  motivation to change the program
• Normal science goes on until paradoxes
  accumulate to an embarrassing degree
• An innovator from outside the system imposes a
  new program
• The cycle repeats

4
Crisis in Theoretical Physics

• Observer-based lawsanthropocentric
• Subjectivisticlimited to describing what the
  observer experiences and measures.
• No hypothesesno physical causality
• ParadoxesContradictions
• Ad hoc fixes abound
• Mathematics accurate but overcomplicated
• Relativity and QM are incompatible

5
Current Perspective
Hubble Deep FieldGalaxies!
6
Sun
Milky Way Galaxy
7
Earth
?
8
500 yrs ago Earth-observer perspective!
9
The Math Worked!
10
Ptolemaic Cosmology

• Observer-basedobserver at the center and not
  movingjust as his senses and instruments
  indicated
• Laws just described the observers
  measurementsin his frame
• No physical hypothesesanti-physical!
• Mathematics accurate but over complicated
• Stood in the way of the advancement of knowledge

11
Copernican Revolution

• Shifted the frame from the observers
  consciousness to the Cosmos
• In retrospect, we can see that no progress in
  Cosmology or physics was possible in the
  Ptolemaic observer-based scheme
• Opponents argued No evidence of Earths motion,
  mathematics not as accurate, no explanation of
  cause of such motion

12
Relativitys Cosmology

• Observer-basedall physical motion related to and
  equally well described in any observers frame.
• Light travels at c relative to the human observer
  not relative to matter.
• No physical hypotheses
• Creates paradoxes
• Stands in the way of progress

13
Anti-Copernican Relativity

• Einstein sought laws of nature valid for any
  CSincluding the rotating Earth observers CS
• Claimed that Relativity would render the
  historic struggle between the views of Ptolemy
  and Copernicus quite meaningless since Either
  CS could be used with equal justification.
• Einstein and Infeld, The Evolution of Physics,
  1938 p. 224.

14
We need a Second Copernican Revolution

• Again remove the observer from the center of
  physics
• Relate motion and laws of physics to the matter
  and space of the Cosmosnot to any arbitrary CS
• A physical theory of space, matter and motion
• Why are we in this mess?

15
Natural Philosophy vs. Christianity

• Aristotle revered by Church until works of
  natural philosophy translated
• Conflict between Aristotelian natural philosophy
  and Christian doctrine? Condemnation 1277 of
  ideas of Aristotle, Averröes, and St. Thomas
  Aquinas.
• Church God can move the Cosmos and leave a
  void, The world is not eternal, etc.
• William of Ockhameliminated all hypothetical
  entities and causes except God
• Descartes and LockeJudeo-Christian dualism

16
Roots of Relativity

• DualismSpirit and Matter
• Copernicus and Newton offered material
  explanations of phenomena.
• Threats to traditional religious belief
• Philosophical explanations reduced role of God in
  Nature.
• Bishop Berkeley attacked Newtons Mechanics as
  atheistic materialism.

17
Berkeleys Subjective Idealism

• Since we know only our own conscious experiences
  and have no direct knowledge of any material
  Cosmos, we must not assume that it exists.
  Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge (1710)
  body, para. 18.
• Reality is a virtual reality simulation fed to
  our spirits from Gods Spirit.
• The laws of optics are some of the rules that
  govern the Matrix.

18
Father of Relativity

• We must treat motion not as absolute, Cosmic, or
  real but as merely relative to ourselves and to
  any other objects in our sensoria, and treat time
  as the mere succession of events in our
  consciousness.
• Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) para.
  112., para. 98.

19
Humes Non-Religious Skepticism

• Denied that we could know any Cosmic causes,
  saying that our belief that an effect will follow
  from a cause is merely a custom we have
  acquired through repetitive experience. He
  denied that we could ever know the cause of such
  a custom as gravity.
• An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748)

20
MachEinsteins Mentor

• Admitted the influence of Berkeley and Hume
• The world consists only of our sensations
• Ernst Mach, Analysis of Sensations p. 12.
• Mach refused to believe in atoms (circa 1900)
  because they were not evident to our senses.
• Believed that Newtons theory of absolute space
  and motion was devoid of content, since we have
  knowledge only of relative spaces and motions.
  He called those who shared his view
  relativists.
• Ernst Mach, The Science of Mechanics pp. 283,
  293.

21
Einsteins Subjectivism

• Admitted Read Berkeley, infl. by Hume, Mach
• The only justification for our concepts and
  system of concepts is that they serve to
  represent the complex of experiences beyond this
  they have no legitimacy.
• Albert Einstein, The Meaning of Relativity,1922,
  p. 2.
• Thereal external world is the sum total of all
  experienced events about which subjects agree.
• Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions, 1954, p.
  363

22
Light

• Relative to what does light move at velocity c?
• People in any state of motion
• Stars and Planets
• Botheven same light, same time

23
Cosmic Reality vs. Observer Relativity
Sun
? Centauri B
0.5c
8.6 years
Light c
4.3 years
24
Matter

• What causes the emission or absorption of a
  subatomic particle by an atom or nucleus?
• People observing it
• Unknown Physical Factors

25
?
26
Quantum Mechanics

• Quantum mechanics, however, regards the
  interactions of object and observer as the
  ultimate reality. It uses the language of
  physical relations and processes rather than that
  of physical qualities and properties. It rejects
  as meaningless and useless the notion that behind
  the universe of our perception there lies a
  hidden objective world ruled by causality
  instead, it confines itself to the description of
  the relations among perceptions.
• Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnik, Quantum
  Physics (John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1974)
  p. 88.

27
Special Relativity

• Restricted Principle of Relativity All laws of
  nature are the same in every uniformly moving
  coordinate system (CS). (including that of every
  human observer)
• Invariant c The velocity of light, c, is a law
  of physics for every CS.
• Lorentz transformations relate measurements made
  in co-moving frames

No mention of the Cosmos, matter, or causes?
28
Motion is Only Relative?

• There is no such thing as an independently
  existing trajectory, but only a trajectory
  relative to a particular body of reference.
• Relativity, The Special and General Theory p.
  10.
• Relativity means that all motion and laws of
  motion are merely relative to any chosen observer
  or CS, not uniquely related to the matter and
  space of this Cosmos!
• WRONG

29
Space and Time

• To keep c constant for the observer, space and
  time are made variableas per the Lorentz
  transformations between frames.
• ? v 1-v2/c2
• Einstein claimed he had thus rendered the ether
  superfluous.
• He had merely changed the program From
  describing the Cosmos to describing our conscious
  experiences!

30
General Relativity

• General Principle of Relativity All CSs
  (observers) are equivalent for the formulation of
  the laws of nature whatever may be their state of
  motion.
• Einstein tried to relativize gravity and
  accelerationdescribe them as nothing but types
  of transformations between co-moving frames!

No mention of the Cosmos or of physical causes!
31
Space-Time Matrix

• Attempted to produce a single set of laws of
  nature valid for any observer in any state of
  motionincluding accelerated!
• This didnt work
• Minkowski helped Einstein produce a second
  version the space-time matrix
• The Cosmos represented, reconstructed, as a set
  of space-time measurements made by
  observersinside-out!

32
Space-Time

• Is not an objectivistic model of the physical
  Cosmos
• It is a mathematical representation of the
  observers experiences and measurements.
• It is subjectivistic in that it assumes that
  light travels at c relative to every observer
• Its physical reality is a set of observed
  events and the space-time intervals that
  observers measure between these events.

33
The Space-time Interval
ds2c2dt2-(dx2dy2dz2)

• Simply adds a timelike imaginary 4th axis to
  Descartes 3 spatial axes
• c2dt2 the square of the distance light travels
  at c in the observers time
• It is composed of the one thing that observers
  agree upon when c is absolute for eachthe
  intervals that they measure between observed
  events.

34
Einstein on the Interval

• The chronotropic interval has no physical
  meaning or significance.
• quoted by T. Levi-Civita, Nuovo Cimento, 13, 45
  (1936).

35
Space-Time Misunderstood

• The space-time curvature around the Earth acts
  on fast or slow balls in exactly the same way. It
  tells these balls how to move.

No. Space-time is the observers 4-dimensional
description of the motion of objects in a
gravitational field. Space-time does not cause
anything!
36
Berkeley Triumphant

• Relativity, in original or space-time form,
  fulfills Berkeleys program for a physics that
  merely described the rules that control our
  sensations and measurements.
• Physics reduced to observer-based measurement
  concepts
• Physical theory abandoned
• Natural philosophy suppressed

37
Relativity and QM

• Science should just describe what the observer
  experiences and measuresthe contents of his
  consciousness!
• Science should not attempt to relate motion to
  the matter and space of the Cosmos
• Science should not seek the underlying causes of
  quantum events.

38
The Confusion

• Physicists believe they can use the concepts in
  these models in a common sense way to describe
  and understand the nature of Cosmic reality and
  causes of Cosmic phenomena!
• These models were not designed for that purpose!

39
The Crux Void vs. Ether

• If the subjectivistic, observer-created reality
  is true, then there must be no evidence that
  there is any observer-independent space or
  Cosmos!
• Space itself must have no physical qualities and
  must cause nothing.
• But applied physics always requires
  observer-independent spatial frame-ether!
• How does Relativity cover it up!

40
No Ether?

• Space has no physical qualitiesit is a void.
  But in a void there could be
• No resistance to acceleration
• No unique light velocity indep. of source
• No limiting velocity for matter
• No redshift of moving atomic spectra
• No resolution of the twin/clock paradoxneed
  third frame to break the symmetry
• No physical cause of gravity, inertia,
  clock-slowing with velocity, or of anything!

Unless all these things happen by MAGIC!
41
Ether Physics vs. Relativity
8.6 years
Sun
? Centauri B
0.5c
Light c
4.3 years
Whats the relative velocity of the spaceship and
the light in this Cosmos? What light velocity
does the spaceship measure?
42
Lorentz before Einstein

• Lorentz Ether Theory Relative velocity is 1.5c,
  however due to slowing of the ships clocks and
  shortening of its length caused by its velocity
  in Cosmic electromagnetic space, the ships crew
  will measure lights velocity as c.
• Einstein Relativity Relative velocity is c
  because velocity c for light is a law of physics
  valid for all observers or frames.

43
Relativity vs. Causality

• Einsteins Special Relativity (SR) retained
  Lorentzs clock-slowing and length contraction
  effects, but dropped the Cosmic context and the
  cause!
• Lorentzs Theory works.
• Does Relativity work?

44
Twin Symmetry
Paradoxes arise because Relativity claims that
all motion is merely relative to any arbitrary
frame of reference.
Any two frames in relative motion have identical
trajectories in each others CSsin Relativity
each twin can consider himself stationary and the
other moving! A third frame is required to break
the symmetry! (clue The Cosmos, ether, inertial
space, etc.)
45
Twin Paradox
In Reality, it is always the twin who moves
relative to the nearby celestial bodies (Cosmic
distribution of matter) that is the younger
one! Motion is NOT merely relativeit is Cosmic!
46
Global Positioning System Paradox

• If all motion is merely relative motion, why does
  the GPS system relate light velocity and
  clock-slowing ONLY to the non-rotating Earth
  frame?
• Relativists claim Its just simpler!
• Maybe simpler implies cause!
• Remember Copernicus?

47
Aberration Paradoxes

• If aberration were caused by relative motion
  only, then why dont the stars in a binary system
  shift in their apparent positions in accordance
  with their varying velocities relative to the
  Earth-observer?
• Starks experiment the direction of light
  arriving from stationary and high-velocity moving
  atoms at the same location is identical.
• Ann. Phys. 4, 77 (1925).

48
Aberration

• Fact Aberration is always and only due to the
  motion of the observer (in the frame in which
  light moves at c.)

49
Sagnac Paradox

• Around the circumference of a rotating platform
  (disc, Earth, etc.) lights velocity is c /- v.
  
• Working principle behind laser gyroscopes.
• Light travels East on Earth at c rotational
  velocity, West at c rotational velocity (465m/s
  at Earths equator).
• Light travels at c in the non-rotating frame of
  the Earth! Not relative to any observer!

50
Relativity is Wrong

• Every trajectory is a unique path relative to
  near and distant distribution of matter in this
  Cosmos.
• There is ALWAYS a preferred framethe physical
  space/ether we call the local gravitational field
• Light propagates at c relative to the
  distribution of matter, not the observer.

51
Why Dont They Get It?

• To resolve these paradoxes, Relativists introduce
  a third frame (space-matter frame)
• They then deny that they have done so, or they
  claim that this is still Relativity!
• Their confusion and denial makes debate with them
  a fruitless endeavor.
• Yes, the space-time model worksbecause it
  incorporates the effects of ethereal space on the
  observers measurements!

52
Einstein Admits It

• Recapitulating, we may say that according to the
  general theory of relativity, space is endowed
  with physical qualities in this sense,
  therefore, there exists an ether. According to
  the general theory of relativity, space without
  ether is unthinkable for in such space there not
  only would be no propagation of light, but also
  no possibility of existence for standards of
  space and time (measuring-rods and clocks), nor
  therefore any space-time intervals in the
  physical sense.
• Ether and the Theory of Relativity, 1920

53
Einstein forbids Ether theory

• But this ether may not be thought of as endowed
  with the quality characteristic of ponderable
  media, as consisting of parts which may be
  tracked through time. The idea of motion may not
  be applied to it.
• Ether and The Theory of Relativity, 1920

Note to self Try to apply the idea of motion
to it.
54
The Source of the Confusion

• Einstein admitted that in the field of
  epistemology he had been an unscrupulous
  opportunist, resorting to realism, idealism,
  positivism, and Platonism as the situation seemed
  to require.
• Albert Einstein Philosopher-Scientist, p. 684.
• The Relativity program requires no ether
• The facts indicate that space is ethereal
• Einstein failed to resolve the contradiction

55
The Ether Taboo

• Disciples lack the insight of the Master!
• Ad hoc fixes for Relativity and QM allowed.
• Mention ether and youre out!
• Truth usually lies where one is forbidden to look!

56
Natural Philosophy

• The creation, criticism, and testing of theories
  about what exists and causes our experiences.
• Uses all the tools of human cognition logic,
  mathematics, and theory
• Goes beyond our consciousness to theorize about
  what exists and how it causes our existence and
  causes what we experience.

57
Reconstruction of PhilosophyHierarchical Cosmism

• EtherealEM, light, gravity,
• Physicochemicalsubatomic, atomic, etc.
• Biologicallife
• Neuropsychologicalhigher animals
• Linguo-mythicearly linguistic humans
• Conscio-philosophicalour potential

Lower level entities and processes are organized
in new ways producing higher level entities and
processes
58
Reconstruction of Theoretical Physics

• Metaphysics Cosmism over Idealism
• Epistemology Objectivism and Causal Theory over
  Subjectivistic modeling
• Method Physical hypotheses before measurement
  assumptions
• Macrocosm Ether Theory over Relativity
• Microcosm Physical theory over QM

59
How to Think Ethereally

• A knew, mostly unknown substance
• Not matter as we know it
• Ascribe to space whatever physical qualities are
  needed to fit and explain the facts.
• Beware of analogies with known substances and
  processes
• Strange qualities OK. Contradictions are out.

60
Modern Ether Surrogates

• Frames (inertial, Earth, Sun-Star, etc.)
• Gravitational field
• Ruleslight velocity independent of source
• Space (without -time), curved space
• Higgs Fieldto give particles inertia in QM
• Strings, Membranes
• Additional curled up dimensions
• Dark Matter
• Parallel universes

61
What Do We Know about Ether?

• EM mediumtransmits light at c, redshifts spectra
  of moving atoms
• Is masslessmass (inertia/gravity) is due to an
  interaction between matter and space
• Resists the acceleration of matter (inertia)
• Is accelerated by matter?gravity
• Resists the superluminal motion of particles
• Causes the shortening of objects moving with it
  (Lorentz contractionif it exists)

62
Of Matter and Space

• Newtons absolute space was a single, Cosmic,
  Euclidean ether that resisted the acceleration of
  matter.
• Lorentzs ether was Newtons ether plus EMthe
  medium in which light moved at c
• If ether affects the motion of matter, shouldnt
  matter also affect the motion of ether?

63
Einsteins Insight

• What is fundamentally new in the ether of
  general relativity as opposed to the ether of
  Lorentz consists in this, that the state of the
  former is at every place determined by
  connections with the matter and the state of the
  ether in neighboring places
• Albert Einstein, Ether and the Theory of
  Relativity, 1920
• Can we translate this insight into a physical
  theory of the ether?

64
Principle of Equivalence

• Einstein likened being accelerated by a rocket in
  deep space with sitting on a planets surface.
• The observer cant tell the difference without
  special instruments!
• Gravity and inertial acceleration are different
  aspects of the same phenomenon
• Inertial and gravitational acceleration are both
  acceleration wrt space!
• In gravity, space is accelerating Earthward!

65
Inertial SpaceEther

• Matter does not naturally accelerate wrt
  space/ether
• If forced into acceleration wrt space it
  experiences weight
• Free fall in a gravitational field is
  weightlessa state of non-acceleration wrt space
  due to falling towards the gravitator
• On a planets surface, one is in a constant state
  of acceleration wrt accelerating space

66
Gravitational Acceleration

• If matter causes its surrounding inertial space
  to accelerate towards itself at aGM/r2, then all
  the Newtonian aspects of a gravitational field
  are explained
• No need for an added gravitational force
• Inertial space flows!
• Whats its velocity at a given height outside a
  mass?

67
Gravitational Velocity

• The velocity at any height will be the sum of the
  accelerations experienced from infinity to that
  radial distance r.
• This is equal to the Newtonian escape velocity --
  11.2km/s at the Earths surface
• Can this velocity explain other aspects of
  gravity?

68
Gravitational Velocity

• A clock held stationary at any given height in a
  gravitational field should slow just as if it
  were moving at the escape velocity from that
  height.

.
69
Gravitational Redshift

• The formula for the gravitational redshift is

.
since
then
Which is the SR/Lorentzian formula for the
redshift due to velocity.
70
Unified Theory of Redshift

• Atoms in motion in space or held stationary in
  gravity are both redshifted by their velocity in
  space.
• Unification Instead of two causesvelocity and
  gravitythere is one cause.
• The mathematics of Flowing Space mathematics work
  and are much simpler than GR.

71
Expanded Principle of Equivalence

• FS expands Einsteins principle of equivalence of
  gravitational and inertial acceleration to
  include the equivalence of gravitational and
  inertial velocity, and adds a causal hypothesis!
• This expanded POE unifies Newtonian, Lorentzian,
  and Einsteinian physics.

72
Flowing Space

• Inertial and electromagnetic ether-space that
  flows into or out of all matter with
• aGM/r2 (Newtonian acceleration) and
• (Newtonian escape velocity)
• This yields both the Newtonian and the
  relativistic effects of gravity and of velocity
  

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Black Holes

• If space flows into a mass with the velocity of
  light, then light itself cannot escape
• This is the known formula for the Schwarzschild
  radius of a black hole

75
Gravitational Lensing

• General Relativity formula for angle of
  deflection
• Since
• the angle of deflection is
• Its a simple spatial velocity effect!

76
Flowing space reproduces GRs successesmuch more
simply

• Herbert Ives, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 29, 183 (1939).
• Herbert Ives, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 38, 413 (1947).
• Robert Kirkwood, Phys. Rev., 92, 1557 (1953).
• Robert Kirkwood, Phys. Rev., 95, 1051 (1954).
• Tom Martin, General Relativity and Spatial Flows
  I. Absolute Relativistic Dynamics,
  http//xxx.lanl.gov/abs/gr-qc/0006029.
• Tom Martin, On the Motion of Free Material Test
  Particles in Arbitrary Spatial Flows,
  http//xxx.lanl.gov/abs/gr-qc/9807006.

77
arXivgr-qc/0411060 v1 12 Nov 2004
Mainstream physicists have not applied the model
to weak gravity situations where it works equally
well.
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Dark Matter?

• Newtonian/Einsteinian physics contradicted by
  apparent excess gravity within and between
  galaxies and star clusters
• Ad hoc hypothesisdark matter in a halo outside
  the galaxy.
• Universe is 90-99 dark matter
• Soooo-Why is there no dark matter in our solar
  system?

80
Nick Strobel's Astronomy Notes. www.astronomynotes
.com
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82
Inertia and Gravity2 Aspects of the Inflow
Process

• Matter is a field of acceleration within
  spacegravity.
• Matter interacts dynamically with its surrounding
  spacethis tethers mass in space so that any
  additional acceleration is resisted.
• To accelerate matter wrt space, one must apply a
  forcecreating opposing accelerations in space
  and thereby tension

83
Analogy

• Attach suction hose to sphere
• Immerse in body of water
• Harder to accelerate with
• hose on than off
• Analogous to tension created in massless ether by
  dynamic interaction of opposing accelerations.
• Two sinks?attraction (gravity)
• More sinks?increased attraction

84
Gravitational Attraction
Opposing accelerations in spacecausing spatial
tension that pulls the masses together
?Henry Warren
85
Density-Dependent Mechanism
To relieve tension, space must flow into the
system from outside. Increased density of
gravitators?excess gravity.
?Henry Warren
86
FS and Excess Gravity

• In small flat system space easily flows into the
  plane of the system from above and below
  alleviating tension?Newtonian multiplication of
  sink accelerations
• In dense star groupings or among galaxies,
  spatial inflow into region from outside is
  insufficient to reduce tension

87
Spatial Entrainment

• A celestial body creates a uniform radially
  symmetrical field of spatial flow in its
  surrounding space
• As it moves through space, every celestial body
  must sweep a large volume of surrounding space
  into its own free-fall motionits gravitational
  field completely conditions the surrounding
  spatial frame
• No experiment on Earth can detect motion

88
Entrainment

• Space is entrained into the Earths freefall
  motion but not spun into rotation
• 465m/s E-W ether wind at equator
• Stellar aberration NOT eliminated by entrainment
• CMB Doppler shift NOT eliminated
• Provides the physical mechanism for Machs
  principle
• GR assumes entrainment (non-physically)

89
FS and Galaxial Rotation

• All galaxial stars are entraining space into
  their revolutionary motion
• Much of the space/ether of the galaxy is rotating
  with the starsthe galaxial inertial frame is
  rotating.
• Stars require higher velocity in rotating frame
  to avoid collapse.
• Our solar system is flat and less dense?no
  rotational frame dragging.

90
Spatial flow

• Not an ideal fluid
• has units L3T 1.
  has units L3T 2.
• represents a volume rate that
  changes with timeit decreases as space
  approaches Earth.
• There is volume loss!
• Is space compressing? Condensing? Disappearing?
  Elongating?

Different sink flow velocity
91
Predictions

• Unlike GR, predicts that a falling clock will run
  fastthe fastest clock falls with the escape
  velocity at any r.
• Vertical light velocity anisotropy (/- escape
  velocity) may be detectable astronomicallyimplied
  by black hole
• Anomalous motion and clock-slowing effects at the
  gravitational saddle point of the Sun and Earth
  and at other parts of the boundary between the
  solar and terrestrial flows. (Martin)

92
FS superior to SR/GR

• Cosmic-Objectivisticvs. observer-subjectivistic
• Much simplerconceptually and mathematically
• No twin paradox?ether velocity?slower clock
• Unites acceleration and velocityboth relative to
  the etherno disconnect.
• Unifies transverse Doppler redshiftalways caused
  by velocity in ether
• A physical theoryprovides a foundation for
  Cosmology and for theoretical physics Macrocosm
  and Microcosm

93
Beyond Consciousness to Cosmos Beyond Relativity
and Quantum Theory to Cosmic Theory

• Why We Have No Physical Cosmology, and How to
  Start Creating One
• Henry Lindner
• www.henrylindner.net