Crystal Growth and Optical Properties of 4Aminobenzophenone ABP and Other Nonlinear Optical Crystals

1
Welcome to Alabama AM University
Service Is Sovereignty Dr. Mohan
Aggarwal Chairman Department of Physics July
16, 2008
2
Facts About The Hill

• Founded May 1, 1875
• 1890 Land-Grant Institution
• 6,000 diverse students and 1,000 faculty and
  staff
• Internationally known
• Enviable academic, athletic outreach programs
• Noted alumni

3
Recent Additions to the Engineering Building
4
School of Engineering and Technology

• Completed in October 2002
• First classes held in January 2003
• 90,000 sq. ft.
• 10 million facility
• ABET Accredited

5
Other New Construction Renovations

• 15,000 sq. ft. addition of the J. F. Drake
  Learning Resources Center
• Subsequent renovations have been made to Carnegie
  Hall and the Old Drake Dining Hall
• Lab facility under construction for Plant
  Science/Food Science/Forestry
• New Agribition Center groundwork underway

6
Accreditation
AAMU programs boast specialty, regional and
national accreditation Education Engineering Fami
ly Consumer Sciences Forestry Social
Work Speech Pathology
7
AAMU Is Working to Meet Changing I.T. Needs

• AAMU recognizes that more students are computer
  literate and that student access to technology
  is critical
• It also aims to offer easy data acquisition for
  decision makers
• At AAMU, information technology is a major focus
  area

8
Student Life Retention

• AAMU is making earnest efforts to retain the
  thousands of students it attracts each year
• An Office of Retention and Academic Support has
  been established
• Enrollment nearing 6,000-student goal

9
Scholarship Appeals

• With the success of the Councill Challenge
  Campaign, an annual fundraising effort, AAMU will
  be able to offer a significant number of endowed
  scholarships to support students who are
  committed to scholarly pursuits

10
Athletics

• AAMU has long been a formidable opponent in major
  athletic areas
• The University expects to continue its domination
  of the South West Athletic Conf in the years
  ahead

11
What Land-Grant Means

• As an 1890 land-grant institution, AAMU offers
  special state and federal programs specifically
  designed to improve the quality of life of rural
  and urban Alabamians
• The AAMU campus is the administrative center of
  the Alabama Cooperative Extension Systems Urban
  and New Nontraditional Programs

12
Outreach
Community Development Corporation ScoutReach State
wide 4-H Conference
13
AAMUs Presence Widely Known
14
(No Transcript)
15
Ph.D. Programs

• Doctoral degree in Physics- Optics and
  Materials-Plant and Soil Science, Food Science
  and Reading
• Produced 6 of Top Scholars in 1997, 1998, 1999
  and 2000 USA Today Academic Teams.
• Oldest Computer Science Department in the State
  of Alabama(1968)
• Programs in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Plant
  Soil Science, Food Science, Electrical,
  Mechanical, Civil Engineering and Computer
  Sciences

16
Educational and Research Capabilities of Physics
Department
17
(No Transcript)
18
Physics Department
19
Faculty in Physics Program

• M. D. Aggarwal, Ph.D.(Crystal Growth, NLO)
• R. Bommareddi, Ph.D. (Laser Spectroscopy)
• A.K. Batra, Ph.D. (Ferroelectric Materials
  Devices)
• M. Curley, Ph.D (Laser Spectroscopy)
• M. Dokhanian, Ph.D. (Optics/Laser)
• M. Edwards, Ph.D. (Laser optics,Condensed
  matter)
• L. Evelyn, Ph.D. (Surface Physics)
• K. He, Ph.D. (Optics/Lasers)
• D. Ila, Ph.D. (Condensed Matter, Surface
  Physics)
• N. Kukhtarev, Ph.D. (Optics, Photorefractivity)
• R.B. Lal, Ph.D. (Crystal Growth, NLO)
• C.T. Lee, Ph.D. (Quantum Optics)

20
Faculty in Physics Program

• Vladislav Lyatski (Atmospheric Physics)
• Paul Ruffin, Ph.D. (Fiber Optics)
• M. Schamschula, Ph.D. (Optical Computing)
• A. Sharma, Ph.D. (Optics, Fiber Optics)
• Shelia Nash Stevenson, Ph.D. (Optics/Laser)
• A. Tan, Ph.D. (Atmospheric Physics)
• A. Williams, Ph.D. (Optics, Dir. CREST)
• A. Wineberger, Ph.D. (Space Physics)
• J.C. Wang, Ph.D. (Mat. Science)
• T.X. Zhang, Ph.D. (Space Physics)
• R. Zimmerman, Ph.D. (Surface Physics)
• Research Faculty Adjunct Faculty

21
Our Faculty

• Have flown 2 experiments to grow crystals in NASA
  Spacelab-3 and IML-1 missions

22
Major Highlights/AccomplishmentsDepartment of
PhysicsAlabama AM University

• Space Flight Experiments/SpaceLab-3
• and International Microgravity Lab-1
• First NSF-EPSCOR project funded in
• 1986
• NSF/CREST Center of excellence for
• nonlinear and Optical Materials

23

• Initiated Doctoral degree program in physics
  that was the 2 nd among HBCUs in USA.
• First African American female Ph.D. in physics in
  Alabama who is serving NASA/Marshall Space Flight
  Center
• Graduate students invited to Nobel Laureate
  meetings in Lindau Germany in 5 consecutive years

24

• Undergraduate students achieved distinction in
  top 20 U.S.A. today scholars in 3 consecutive
  years
• Doctoral Capacity Building program was awarded to
  one of the scientists

25
Nobel Laureate Lecture Series

• We have hosted a yearly series of lectures by
• Nobel Laureates

26
Our Graduate Students

• Got invited to Nobel Laureate Meeting in Lindau,
  Germany in consecutive summers of 2002,2003,
  2004 and 2005

27
(No Transcript)
28
Academic Programs in Physics

• Undergraduate Programs
• B.S. Physics with Math. Minor
• B.S. (Applied Physics Option)
• Electrical ,Civil, and Mechanical Options
• Computer Science Option (18 hrs)
• 58 hours General Education, 30 hrs. Phys.
• 15 hours Mathematics, and 9 hours Computer
  Science.
• Space Science Concentration (18 hrs. of courses
  in Space Science)

29
Academic Programs in Physics

• Graduate Programs
• M.S. Degree in Applied Physics
• Optics/Lasers
• Materials Science
• Thesis and Non-thesis Options
• At least 12 hours of general courses, 18 hours
  (non-thesis option) and 12 hours (thesis option)
  of specialized courses (Materials Science/Optics)

30
Academic Programs in Physics

• Ph.D. Degree in Applied Physics
• Materials Science
• Optics/Lasers
• At least 15 hours of general courses,
• 45 hours of specialized courses (Materials
  Science/Optics)
• 12 hours credit for dissertation.

31
Graduate and Undergraduate Students Pool

• Sixteen Ph. D level students
• Fifteen M.S. level students
• Twenty undergraduate students
• Research Budget Summary
• Research funding
• Approximately 2.1 Million/Year

32
Our Physics Students

• A total of 19 graduate and undergraduate physics
  students attended National Society of Black
  Physicists and National Society of Black physics
  students conference held at Washington DC during
  February 20-24, 2008.
• One of our UG students Mr. Eugene Harris has been
  awarded Alabama Space Grant Consortium
  Scholarship 24000 per year for 3 years for his
  graduate studies
• Our Graduate student Mr. Aschalew Kassu received
  HEOS Scholarship for optics graduate students
  from Huntsville Electro-optical Society and
  delivered a talk in their annual meeting

33
Activities of Physics Department

• Dr. Marius Schamschula of Physics department
  hosted a space weather weekend for the Center
  for Integrated Space Weather Modelling Space
  Weather Weekend was held at Physics department
  during April 2008
• Dr. Martin Volz, a noted NASA scientist has been
  serving in physics department as NASA
  Administrators Fellow from Marshall space Flight
  center since fall 2007. He has been interacting
  with our graduate students and is teaching an
  undergraduate course in spring 2008

34
Upcoming Events

• Nobel Laureate lecture is being planned for
  October 17, 2008 by Nobel Laureate John Hall from
  University of Colorado at Boulder and National
  Institute of Standards and Technology, recipient
  of 2005 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

35
Patents by Physics Faculty

• United States Patent 6,873,762
• Granted to Dr Anup Sharma and his students Mr
  Joseph Grant and Y. Wang
• Fabrication of fiber optic grating apparatus and
  method
• United States Patent 6,999,221
• Granted to Dr. Sergey Sarkisov and his students
  on Biomorphic polymeric photomechanical Actuator

36
NSF- Center of Research Excellence in Science and
Technology (CREST)

• AAMU Center of Nonlinear Optics and Materials
• Regional Science Education Technology Transfer
  Program
• Growth of nonlinear optical materials
• Melt growth Czochralski, Bridgman, Top seeded
  solution growth of NLO materials
• Solution growth Solution crystal growth of NLO
  materials

37

• Growth and study of modified Ferroelectric films
• Diffusion studies of semiconductors and other
  materials and ion implantation of optical fibers
• Crystal growth modeling

38
NSF- Center of Research Excellence in Science and
Technology (CREST) (Contd)

• Nonlinear optics
• Energy upconversion lasers
• Nonlinear fiber optics SRS and solitons
• Optical phase conjugation
• Parametric mixing
• Nonlinear optics in organic systems
• Characterization of NLO materials
• A. Williams Director

39
NSF Doctoral Capacity Building Project

• Sensor Science and Technology
• Granted on October 2002 for about a million
  dollars for 3 years
• Smart optical sensors
• Fiber optical sensors
• Infrared sensors
• Project Directors Dr R.B. Lal and Dr Matthew
  Edwards

40
MUCERPI Space Science Project

• Funded by NASA for graduate Space Science
  education and disturbed solar wind effects on the
  Earths Environment
• NASA Minority University and College Education
  and Research partnership initiative funded in
  October 2003
• Funded for about 750,000 for 3 years
• P.I.s Professors A. Tan

41
Research Capabilities of the Physics Department
at Alabama AM University

• Crystal Growth from solution, melt, vapor for
  IR, NLO, and Photorefractive,and IR Window
  materials
• Materials characterization by techniques like,
  SEM, EPR, RBS, Optical and Electrical methods,
  etc.
• Surface diffusion studies by Ion implantation
• Crystal growth modeling
• Nonlinear optics in organic and photorefractive
  materials, and Nonlinear Fiber Optics
• Upconversion laser studies
• Real-time interferometry in photorefractive
  materials, Laser Beam-Shaping

42
Research Capabilities of the Physics Department
at Alabama AM University

• Integrated optics in thin films of Polymeric and
  Organic materials
• Optical phase conjugation in photorefractive
  materials
• Study of optical surfaces and lenses
• Squeezed states Applications in optical
  communication
• Research on Optical Fiber Sensors
• Optical Hole burning
• Optical computing, optical and optically
  assisted neural network
• Planetary and Space physics

43
Planetary and Space Physics

• Satellite fragmentation and Orbital Debris
• Ultraviolet Remote Sensing of Ionosphere

• Atmospheric and Ionospheric Modeling
• Personnel A. Tan, V. Liatski and Graduate and
  Undergraduate Students

44
Center for Irradiation of Materials

• Analytical Services
• Hydrogen detection and profiling (ppm)
• Scanning Single Event Upset (S-SEU)
• Radiation Effects on Materials
• Ion Microprobe (RBS, NRA, PIGE, and PIXE)
• Electrical and Optical Characterization (I-V,
  C-V, and ABS)

45

• Materials Processing
• Ion Implantation (keV and MeV)
• Fabrication of Quantum Structures
• Ion beam Induced Polymerization
• High Temperature Materials Processing
• Personnel
• D. Ila (Director), R. L. Zimmerman, L.Evelyn, J.
  Thompson, Graduate and undergraduate students.

46
Research Interests Dr Matthew Edwards

• Quantum communication and Quantum imaging
• Light beam propagation in atmospheric or
  turbulent media
• Classical electro-optics of complex fluids, pure
  and doped crystals
• Holographic gratings in FeLiNbO3
• Blooms taxonomy and Physics Education
• Photo-induced aspects of metal nano-particles and
  in dielectric micro-particles

47
Research Interests of Marius Schamschula

• Optical Computing
• Optical Algebra
• Optical Fuzzy Logic/Fuzzy Control
• Optical Genetic Algorithms
• Optical and Optically Assisted Neural Networks

48

• Other Projects
• Solid Optical Modules
• 3d Optical Interconnection
• Secure Communication
• Double Phase Conjugation Interconnection(Light
  Calling)
• Generalized Exploratory Optimization
• Generalized Fourier Transforms With Applications
  to Neural Networks.

49
Nonlinear Optics in Organic Materials

• Nonlinear Optics on the surfaces and of organic
  materials studied by Nd YAG laser
• Second and third -harmonic generation from the
  crystalline thin films of new organic molecules
  N-Alkyl and N, N-Dialkyl Derivatives of
  4-Methyl-6-Nitro-2-Quinolinamines.

50
Nonlinear Optics in Organic Materials

• Lasing and fluorescence from dye Bis-MSB doped
  polystyrene microspheres.
• Study the nonlinear optical properties of new
  organic molecules, N-Alkyl and N, N-Dialkyl
  Derivatives of 4-Methyl-6-Nitro-2-Quinolinamines
  using Langumuir- Blodgett films.
• Personnel Involved K. He, Graduate students

51
Optical Flow Diagnostics

• Vortex Tube flow studied by High-Frame Rate and
  High-resolution Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)
• Personnel
• K. X. He, J. C. Wang
• Graduate Students Carl Holden, Ph. D
• Isaac Jones, MS
• John Lansdown, MS

52
Research Interest of Prof. N. Kukhtarev

• Physics of real time (dynamic) holography
• Real- time interferometry in photorefractive
  polymers and crystals
• Photoinduced nonlinear optical and electric
  response in biological motile objects
• Information transmission via multimedia fibers
  using dynamic holograms
• Optical and electrooptical properties of the
  holographic grating in the photorefractive
  polymers
• Photoelectric energy conversion by moving
  photoinduced gratings

53
OPTICAL HOLE-BURNING STUDIES

• Hole-burning effects in inorganic and organic
  systems
• High Resolution Spectroscopy.
• Optical memories.
• Personnel B.R.Reddy, Graduate Students
• Agency Air Force

54
Development of Fiber-optic Sensors

• Optical fiber sensor research is performed based
  on
• Infrared reflectance
• Raman Scattering
• Applications
• Depth profile measurement of soil moisture.
• Detection of toxic elements and organic
  chemicals.
• Personnel B.R.Reddy, Undergraduate Students
• Agency NASA

55
Upconversion Lasers

• Objectives To develop efficient diode/dye laser
  pumped Visible/ UV Upconversion Lasers
• Scientific aspects
• Investigate Rare- Earth ion doped optical fibers
  and crystals.
• Investigate efficient pumping schemes
• Identify efficient upconversion materials.

56

• Applications
• Optical information storage.
• Lasers at unconventional wavelengths.
• Medicine.
• Personnel B.R.Reddy Graduate Students
• Agency NASA, NSF

57
Study of Glasses, Crystals and Laser Materials

• Preparation of High temperature glasses doped
  with rare-earth ions.
• Characterization using optical methods.
• Nonlinear optical effects in doped
  glasses(organic and inorganics).
• Personnel B.R.Reddy Undergraduate and
  Graduate Students.
• Agency NASA, AirForce.

58
Solution Crystal Growth

• Crystals for Room Temperature (Uncooled) I. R.
  Detector and Second Harmonic Generation Devices
  TGS, LAP, ABP, MNA-MAP, etc.
• Solution Crystal Growth in Microgravity.
• Growth of mixed organic NLO crystals for Photonic
  devices.

59
Solution Crystal Growth (Contd)

• Fundamental Study of Solid-liquid interface in
  solution crystal growth using optical techniques.
• In-situ optical techniques to monitor crystal
  growth rates.
• Personnel
• R. B. Lal, M. D. Aggarwal, A.K. Batra, Graduate
  and Undergraduate students.

60
Integrated and Nonlinear Optics in Organic Films
and Ion Implanted Inorganic Materials

• Techniques
• Spin coating
• Langmuir-Blodgett film deposition
• Liquid jet and laser beam delineation of
  integrated optical circuits
• Prism coupling
• Z-scan
• Degenerate Four Wave Mixing

61
Integrated and Nonlinear Optics in Organic
Films and Ion Implanted Inorganic Materials

• Objective and Plans
• To develop a waveguide interferometric chemical
  sensors for monitoring gaseous environmental
  pollutants
• To develop an ultrafast photonic switching
  devices based on nonlinear organic or inorganic
  optical waveguide
• Material search for integrated optical chemical
  sensors and photonic switching devices
• Personnel
• M. J. Curley, and Graduate students

62
Nonlinear Fiber-Optics

• Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) in fibers
• Four wave mixing (FWM)
• Super Continuum Generation
• FWM-SRS interactions
• Personnel
• Dr. A. Sharma
• Graduate Students

63
Fiber-optics and Spectroscopic Sensors

• Intermodal Interferometric fiber-optic Sensors
• Fiber-optic Bragg grating sensors for strain in
  FOG coils - Demonstrated sensitivity of 10 micro
  strain and spatial resolution of 5 mm
• Novel optical-fiber based sensor for soil
  moisture. Capable of remote sensing from few
  kilometers - Demonstrated sensitivity of 0.01

64
Fiber-optics and Spectroscopic Sensors

• Spectroscopic sensors for environmental pollution
  in air using wavelength-modulated diode lasers -
  tested for absorption in Rubidium and Acetylene
• Sensor research funded by NASA, MICOM, Office of
  Naval Research,and NSF
• Personnel Dr A. Sharma, Graduate students

65
Characterization of Optical Fibers

• New techniques for Fiber characterization using
• Dual-mode interferometry Opt. Lett.
• Four-wave mixing Opt. Lett.
• Whispering Gallery
• Personnel A. Sharma, Graduate students

66
Phase Conjugate Spectroscopy of Alkali Atoms and
Molecules

• Work with sodium atom and dimers using Argon ion
  laser pumped by ring dye laser to observe
  Four-wave mixing
• Stainless Crossed heat-pipe has been constructed
  to contain corrosive alkali vapors up to 600 0C
• Only atoms or molecule with near zero velocity
  contribute in formation of population grating by
  four-wave mixing - The technique is inherently
  Doppler-free
• students

67

• Highly directional scattering of laser beam makes
  it a very sensitive technique
• Personnel
• Dr. A. Sharma, Graduate

68
Optical Phase Conjugation in Photorefractive
Materials

• Phase conjugate reflectors
• Phase conjugate resonators
• Two beam and Multi beam coupling (BaTiO3) using
  Ar and He-Ne lasers
• Optical Disability
• Phase conjugate interferometry
• Personnel
• N. Kukhtarev
• M. Dokhanian

69
Czochralski Crystal Growth and Top Seeded
Solution Growth

• Growth of pure and doped crystals of
  photorefractive materials such as bismuth silicon
  oxide, strontium barium niobate, YAlO3 and YLF
  using Czochralski crystal pulling technique
• Growth of pure and doped barium titanate crystals
  using top seeded solution growth techniques

70

• Growth of Nonlinear optical organic crystals by
  Czochralski as well as Bridgman techniques
• Personnel
• M. D. Aggarwal, R. B. Lal, A.K. Batra
• Graduate students

71
Optical Diagnostics for Crystal Growth Rate from
solutions

• Heterodyne interferometry
• Laser interferometry
• Mach-Zehnder Interferometry
• Ellipsometry
• Applications
• Solution growth
• MBE
• Thin film
• Protein crystal
• Personnel R. B. Lal and B. R. Reddy,

72
High Power CO2 laser Spectroscopy

• Investigate the phase conjugate(PC) signal via
  DFWM and Z-scan in polymeric samples doped with
  different laser dyes
• Study of PC signal from gaseous systems
• Design and fabricate Far-IR laser pumped by CO2
  laser
• Personnel A. Darwish and graduate students

73
NASA/Microgravity Research

• Triglycine sulfate (TGS) crystal growth
  experiment flown on NASA/ Spacelab-3 mission in
  1985
• Flown another TGS crystal growth experiment on
  the NASA/ First International Microgravity
  Laboratory (IML1) in 1992
• Member of NASA Consortium of Commercial
  Development of Crystal Growth in Space(CCDS)

74

• Development of a Virtual Space Flight Chamber to
  Study Particle motion in Space (SHIVA)
• Space payload planning and Astronaut training
• Personnel R.B. Lal, A.K. Batra, M.D. Aggarwal

75
List of Major Equipment

• Materials Science
• Czochralski Crystal Pullers with automatic
  diameter control
• Bridgman Growth Furnaces for Organic and
  Inorganic Crystals
• High Temperature Top Seeded Solution Flux Furnace
• Solution Crystal Growth systems
• Joel-6200 Scanning Electron Microscope with EDS
  and mechanical test system
• X-ray diffraction unit (Norelco)
• Vacuum coating units

76
List of Major Equipment (Contd)

• Materials Science (Contd)
• DTA-1700 Differential Thermal Analyzer
• Photoresist Spinner for Thin Films
• Perkin Elmer DSC-4 Differential Scanning
  Calorimeter
• Calvet Differential Scanning Calorimeter
• NEC Pelletron Ion Beam Accelerator (2X2.0 MeV)

77

• Leitz Microscope with heating stage up to 14000 C
• Optical and Metallurgical Microscopes
• Gen.Rad 1620 Capacitance Measuring Assembly
• Automatic Capacitance Bridges
• Ferroelectric materials characterization set-up

78
List of Major Equipment (Contd)

• Materials Science (Contd)
• Automatic C-V Data Acquisition Station
• Crystal cutting and Polishing units
• General Purpose Test equipment
• Furnaces and Temperature Controllers
• Laminar Flow Bench
• X-band Electron Spin Resonance

79

• Optics/Lasers
• Picosecond NdYAG laser (with two dye laser)
• Molectron Nitrogen Laser and pumped tunable dye
  laser
• Argon laser (6 W, 15 W C.W.and Ring dye laser)

80
List of Major Equipment (Contd)

• Optics/Lasers(Contd)
• Excimer Laser and a tunable dye laser
• High pressure CO2 Laser (Continuously tunable)
• NdYAG Nanosecond Laser (second and third
  harmonics)
• Tunable Dye Lasers (Visible and UV) with IR and
  UV wave extender
• Heterodyne Optical Profilometer
• Langmuir-Blodgett Thin Film Equipment
• Perkin Elmer FTIR with microscope

81
List of Major Equipment

• Perkin Elmer Spectrophotometer (Visible, UV, and
  near IR)
• Perkin Elmer 5100 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
  (Chemistry)
• Varian-Cary 3E Spectrophotometer
• NdYAG Laser pumped Optical Parametric Oscillator
• 0.5 m Monochromator fitted with a CCD detector
• Bomem DA8 FTIR
• Hamamatsu Streak Camera
• PDA1 Dye Amplifier (Spectra Physics)

82
Challenges for Physics Department

• Perception issue of Physics being a difficult
  subject
• Seeking for UG physics scholarships
• Prospecting for graduate research
  scholarships/fellowships for students pursuing
  their studies leading to Masters and Doctoral
  degrees in physics

83
(No Transcript)