Adolescence Physical

1
Adolescence Physical Sexual Development

• Storm and Stress?
• Or
• Joyful time of life?

Stanley Hall (1904)
Margaret Mead (1935)
2
Adolescence Physical Development

• Puberty
• biological end of childhood
• sexual maturation
• reproduction is first possible

Girls 8-9 yrs. old
Boys 9-16 yrs. old
3
Adolescence Physical Development

• Growth Spurts
• A rapid increase in height and weight

Girls peak change at 12 yr.
Boys peak change after 14 yrs.
4
Adolescence Physical Development

• Reactions to Growth
• Boys who mature early have an advantage
• Girls who mature early can become
• Embarrassed
• Begin dating early
• bossy

5
Adolescence Personal Development

• Cognitive Development
• With formal operations (Piaget), thinking
  becomes more abstract
• Hypotheticals - what if . . . ?
• Rationalization explaining an unpleasant
  emotion or behavior in a way that preserves ones
  self-esteem

6
Adolescence Personal Development

• Problems adolescence face because of immature and
  abstract thought (Elkind)
• Finding fault with authorities
• Argumentativeness
• Indecisiveness
• Apparent hypocrisy
• Self-consciousness
• Invulnerability

7
Adolescence Personal Development

• Moral Development
• Most never reach Kohlbergs higher stages (only 1
  in 10 do)
• Depends on relationship with parents and
  significant others
• Usually does not change much in high school, but
  does after that, when the person leaves home

8
Adolescence Personal Development

• Identity Development
• Most adolescents go through an identity crisis
  (Erikson)
• A period of inner conflict where you worry about
  your identity, who you are and who you will
  become

9
Adolescence Personal Development

• Identity Development
• James Marcia (1966) describes four attempts to
  achieve a sense of identity

10
Adolescence Social Development

• Family Roles
• Before 1970s father worked outside home, mother
  worked in the home
• Now
• Nearly half of marriages end in divorce
• Nearly half of women are in the workforce
• Typical family has two wage earners

11
Adolescence Social Development

• Roles of Peers
• Teens belong to well-defined groups based on
• Gender at first, then
• Class (socio-economic level)
• Appearance, popularity
• Athletic abilities

Clique a small, exclusive group within a larger
group
12
Adolescence Social Development

• Influence of a Clique
• Provides a way to experience closeness
• Helps establish identity
• Helps with self-confidence
• Provides independence from family
• Usually leads to conformity

Conformity acting in accordance with some
specified authority
13
Adolescence Social Development

• Dominant Influence
• Parents
• education,
• religion,
• marriage
• Peers-
• Fashion
• Music
• School issues
• Teach children how to behave in the world
  (Judith Harris, 1998)

14
Adolescence Social Development

• Difficulties During Adolescence
• Illusion of invulnerability
• 17 of violent crime
• 35 of property crime
• Depression
• Loss of a loved one
• Separation
• divorce
• Suicide

15
Adolescence Social Development

• Difficulties During Adolescence
• Eating Disorders
• Anorexia Nervosa fear of gaining weight leads
  to self starvation and dramatic weight loss
• Bulimia Nervosa compulsive overeating and
  self-induced vomiting or abuse of laxatives

16
Adolescence Gender Roles

• Gender Identity the sex group to which an
  individual biologically belongs
• Gender Role set of behaviors that society
  considers appropriate for each sex, as a result
  of
• genetic make-up
• society/culture

17
Adolescence Gender Roles

• Gender Stereotypes oversimplified/distorted
  generalization about characteristics of men and
  women

18
Adolescence Gender Roles

• Bem Sex Role Inventory Evaluation of traits
  among people of both sexes
• Goal was androgynous behavior

androgynous combining or blending traditional
male and female characteristics
19
Adolescence Gender Roles

• Gender Differences
• Males
• more confident,
• express anger physically
• Females
• express anger verbally
• use hedges in speech

20
Adulthood

• Physical Changes
• Early Adulthood
• Peak years in 20s

21
Adulthood

• Physical Changes
• Middle Adulthood
• 30s and 40s
• Less active
• Gain weight
• By late 40s, less lung capacity, heart strength,
  and eyesight

22
Adulthood

• Physical Changes
• Late Adulthood
• 50s and 60s
• Bone loss, less lung output
• Skin wrinkles
• Joints deteriorate
• Senses less acute
• Hearts less efficient

Menopause period in which a womans production
of sex hormone (estrogen) is sharply decreased
23
Adulthood

• Physical Changes
• Old Age
• 70s
• Less muscle strength, bone density, heart and
  lung capacity

24
Adulthood

• Physical Changes
• Marriage Divorce
• 40-60 of marriages end in divorce
• Success depends on
• How couples handle conflicts
• How often couples share intimate/happy moments

25
Adulthood

• Physical Changes
• Sexual Behavior
• No physical reason it declines
• Usually declines because
• Boredom
• Poor physical condition
• Illness
• stereotypes

26
Adulthood

• Cognitive Changes
• Can continue to acquire knowledge as you age
• Speed may decrease
• Peaks reached in 40s for science and the arts
• Peaks reached in 60s for history, foreign
  language, literature

27
Adulthood

• Personality Development
• Males
• Levinsons Theory 5 levels
• Females
• Empty-nest syndrome
• Depression

28
Levinsons Theory of Male Development

• In groups 4-6, read the description of the level
  in Levinsons Male Development (found in Chapter
  5, Sec. 1) that you choose at random.
• NOTE Make sure there is at least one male in
  each group
• Present a short skit of what is going on in that
  transition period to the class
• The class will then guess which period you are
  describing
• Complete the chart and turn it in for a grade

29
Levinsons Theory of Male Development
30
Old Age

• Attitudes about Aging
• Decremental model of aging progressive physical
  and mental declines are inevitable
• Inaccurate and leads to ageism

Ageism prejudice or discrimination toward the
elderly
31
Old Age

• Changes in Health
• Most common chronic diseases of aged
• Heart disease
• Hypertension
• Cancer
• Arthritis

32
Old Age

• Changes in Life Situation
• Retirement
• Loss of Spouse
• Loneliness/Depression
• Some take up new hobbies with new friends
• Some continue to be sexually active

33
Old Age

• Changes in Mental Functioning
• Senile Dementia
• Decrease in mental activity by people in old age
• Alzheimers Disease
• Condition that destroys a persons ability to
  think, remember, relate to others, and care for
  theirself

34
Dying and Death

• Adjusting to Death
• Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
• Five stages of dying

• Denial
• Anger
• Bargaining
• Depression
• Acceptance