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Seizure Disorders

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A chronic disorder characterized by recurrent (2 or more) unprovoked seizure activity ... Atonic. Simple Partial. Complex Partial. Diagnostic Studies ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Seizure Disorders


1
Seizure Disorders
2
Seizures
  • Abrupt, uncontrolled electrical discharges of
    cerebral neurons that interrupts normal brain
    function

3
Epilepsy
  • A chronic disorder characterized by recurrent (2
    or more) unprovoked seizure activity
  • spontaneous reoccurring seizures

4
Causes of Seizures
  • Over ½ are Idiopathic (unknown)
  • Other causes
  • Birth injury
  • CNS defects or infection
  • Head trauma
  • Brain tumors
  • CVA- cerebral vascular disease
  • Chronic disease
  • Metabolic disorders

5
PRECIPITATING FACTORS
  • Fatigue
  • Decreased physical health
  • Alcohol ingestion
  • Emotional stress
  • Flashing lights
  • Menstrual cycle
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Sleep deprivation
  • Stimulants
  • Withdrawal
  • Substance abuse
  • High Fever
  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Hypoxia

6
Classification of Seizures
  • Partial Seizures
  • Generalized Seizures

7
Generalized Seizure Partial Seizures
(Simple or Complex)
  • Local onset - affects a specific area of brain
  • Simple - no loss of consciousness
  • Complex loss of consciousness
  • Affects entire brain
  • Loss of consciousness

8
Generalized Seizures
Tonic Clonic
Absence
Myoclonic
Atonic
9
Complex Partial
Simple Partial
10
Diagnostic Studies
  • MOST USEFUL - an accurate and comprehensive
    history/description of the seizures and health
    history
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG)
  • Brain scans (CT/CAT, MRI, PET)
  • Labs

11
Electroencephalography EEG
12
Video with EEG
13
Phases of Seizure Activity
  • Prodromal- precedes a seizure with a sign or
    activity ( e.g. epileptic cry)
  • Pre-ictal or aura precedes a seizure
  • with a sensory warning
  • Ictal-during seizure
  • Postictal-after the seizure

14
Seizure Precautions
Padded side rails
Suction machine
IV access
Oxygen at bedside
15
During a Seizure
Maintain patent airway
If seizure last gt 5 min
MD
16
Document
  • Length of seizure
  • Preceding aura
  • Loss of consciousness, precipitating factors,
    incontinence, resp difficulty

17
Post-Seizure Assessment and Intervention
  • -
  • -
  • -
  • -

18
Status Epilepticus
  • State of continuous seizure activity
  • Period of one continuous seizure lasting longer
    then 10 minutes or several seizures occurring
    during a 30 minute time frame
  • Neurological emergency

19
Emergency Care
  • During a Status Epilepticus
  • -
  • -
  • -

20
Common Medications
  • Phenytoin (Dilantin)
  • Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
  • Valproic acid (Depakene)
  • Barbiturates -Phenobarbital
  • Succinimides -Zarontin
  • Benzodiazepines Valium, Ativan
  • Clonazepam Klonopin
  • Newer Antiseizure Drugs
  • Neurontin
  • Lamictal
  • Felbatol
  • Topamax
  • Cerebyx

21
Education
  • Medication
  • Therapeutic drug levels
  • Drug-drug and food-drug interactions
  • Stress compliance with medications
  • Do not stop abruptly
  • Client and Family Education
  • Care of client during a seizure
  • When to call 911
  • Seizure precautions
  • Keep seizure diary
  • Rest Manage stress
  • Take medications as prescribed
  • States laws re driving and operating machineries
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