ENHANCING TRADE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMEs THROUGH STANDARDISATION AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT

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• ENHANCING TRADE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMEs THROUGH
  STANDARDISATION AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
• TTBS AUDITORIUM, TUNAPUNA,
• TRINDAD AND TOBAGO, JULY 17-18 2007

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• ENHANCING TRADE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMEs THROUGH
  STANDARDISATION AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
• PLANT ANIMAL health STANDARDS
• CARICOM SECRETARIAT
• MARGARET KALLOO

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INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK
WTO/GATT
Agreement on Agriculture
CODEX
SPS Agreement standards measures guidelines
IPPC
OIE
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• PLANT AND ANIMAL Health STANDARDS
• Agricultural trade is guided by the WTO/AoA
  agreement and the adherent WTO SPS agreement.
• CARICOM countries are signatories
• IPPC and the OIE Tremendous amount of
  standards, measures and guidelines are in
  existence
• New standards, measures and guidelines are
  determined by clearly defined procedures allows
  the participation of all countries
• Adopted by the various committees set up by the
  OIE and IPPC
• Regular meetings forum for debates and input

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• ANIMAL health STANDARDS
• OIEs produces health standards, measures and
  guidelines for international trade in animals and
  animal products
• Terrestrial Animal Health Code, the Manual of
  Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial
  Animals, the Aquatic Animal Health Code and the
  Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals.
• Prepared by elected Specialist Commissions and by
  Working Groups of experts and scientists,
  supporting network of about 200 Collaborating
  Centres and Reference Laboratories
• Adopted by the International Committee.
• Member Countries can use these to protect
  themselves from the introduction of diseases and
  pathogens. With justification.

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• PLANT AND ANIMAL health STANDARDS
• Standards measures and guidelines are not
  arbitrary - science-based approach
• The OIE's standard-setting focus on eliminating
  potential hazards existing prior to the slaughter
  of animals or the primary processing of their
  products (meat, milk, eggs, etc.) that could be a
  source of risk for consumers.
• Synergy between the activities of the OIE and
  those of the Codex Alimentarius Commission.
• Sole international reference organisation for
  animal health direct collaboration with the
  Vet Services of all its Member Countries.
• Emerging standards for animal welfare

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PLANT HEALTH STANDARDS
The IPPC is an international treaty - prevent
the spread and introduction of pests of plants
and plant products, and to promote appropriate
measures for their control. Managed by the
Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM) which
adopts International Standards for Phytosanitary
Measures (ISPMs) It provides the forum for
national IPPC reporting and the exchange of
information at a global level. The IPPC
Secretariat coordinates the activities of the
Convention and is hosted by FAO.
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PLANT AND ANIMAL health STANDARDS

• Plant and animal health standards are monitored
  by the Ministry of Agriculture in most instances
  SPS enquiry point
• Legislation govern the list of diseases which are
  important to the particular country
• Some countries national and regional
  legislation from directives

Individual MS of CARICOM
Animal Health Legislation
Policy on Agriculture
Policy on Health
Food Safety Legislation
Policy on Food
Plant Health Legislation
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PLANT AND ANIMAL health STANDARDS

• Plant and animal health standards and food safety
  standards create an umbrella organisation to
  deal with all of them
• Requires each MS to have national coordination of
  these functions agency, committee or recognised
  group of officials to address the issues
  connect to the regional agency (CAHFSA)

National level NAHFS
Regional level CAHFSA
Animal Health representation
Plant Health Issues
Animal Health Issues
Food Safety representation
Food Safety Issues
Plant Health Representation
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• DRAFT HARMONISED ANIMALS (NATIONAL AND
  INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT AND PRESCRIBED DISEASES
  PREVENTION) BILL
• PART II ADMINISTRATION
• Establishment of the Veterinary Authority
• Operation of services and facilities.
• Designation of facilities.
• Appointment of inspectors.
• Establishment of the Veterinary Advisory Council.
• PART III IMPORTATION AND EXPORTATION OF ANIMALS
  AND ANIMAL-RELATED ITEMS
• Restriction on importation.
• Inspection of imports.
• Times for inspection.
• Action to be taken after inspection.
• Penalty for importation of animals, etc., without
  a permit.
• Regulations controlling the importation of
  animals, etc.
• Import permit for animals, etc. to perform at
  circus exhibition, etc.

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• ANIMAL health STANDARDS
• PART IV - ANIMAL QUARANTINE
• Quarantine stations.
• Quarantine of animals.
• Prescribed quarantine stations.
• PART V - CONTROL AND DESTRUCTION OF DISEASED
  ANIMALS
• Segregation and notification of diseased animals.
• Infected areas.
• Infected places.
• Declaration that a place is no longer infected.
• Animals etc. not to be taken or removed from
  infected place without license of inspector.
• Slaughter of diseased animals.
• Disposal of animals.
• Compensation.
• Amendment of definition of disease.

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• ANIMAL health
• PART VII - ENFORCEMENT
• Inability to locate owner or occupier.
• Arrival notification.
• Detection of animal diseases and imposition of
  quarantine.
• Mail.
• Disposal of affected or contaminated animals,
  animal related-items etc.
• Forfeiture.
• Forfeiture upon conviction.
• PART VIII - OFFENCES
• General offences.
• Offences by inspectors.
• Offence by captain, etc. of a vessel.
• Offences by corporations.
• Offences by employees and agents
• Penalty.
• Evidence.
• PART IX - GENERAL

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PLANT HEALTH STANDARDS
Clause 4 the Minister is authorised to designate
a National Plant Protection Organisation or NPPO
and advise the Secretariat of the Commission on
Phytosanitary Measures established under the
Convention (the IPPC Secretariat) of the person
that has been so designated.
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• Plant STANDARDS
• Clause 5 defines the functions of the NPPO, which
  are primarily those established under the revised
  Convention. These include
• the implementation of the IPPC and the WTO SPS
  Agreement,
• issuing phytosanitary certificates, carrying out
  surveillance of ornamentals and growing plants,
  including areas under cultivation and wild flora,
  and of any plant or plant product in storage or
  in transport, for the purpose of reporting the
  occurrence, outbreak and spread of pests, and of
  controlling those pests
• inspecting consignments of plants and plant
  products appropriate,
• inspecting other regulated articles, for the
  purpose of preventing the introduction and/or
  spread of pests
• conducting preclearance inspections where
  requested disinfesting or disinfecting
  consignments of plants, plant products and other
  regulated articles
• protecting endangered areas, and designating,
  maintaining and surveying pest free areas and
  areas of low pest prevalence.

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• Plant STANDARDS
• Working together, exporters and importers have
  developed three primary methodologies for dealing
  with sanitary and phytosanitary concerns with
  horticultural products in international trade
• disease-free zones and regions of low risk
• increased interceptions at ports of entry and
• pre-clearance programmes.
• Pesticides and mrl

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• Plant STANDARDS
• Pest Risk Analysis
• Scientific justification for accepting or
  rejecting imports into a country
• Detailed analysis the risk involved in importing
  the commodity across borders
• Bioterrorism Act
• Country of origin labelling where from

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Measures and guidelines

• Good Agric Practices (GAP)
• On farm sanitation, worker hygiene, conditions,
  ipm, gmos, pesticide usage,
• Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
• HACCP controls and balances
• Welfare?

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CAHFSAs Role

• Mechanism for implementation
• Mandate to
• Strengthen national agricultural health and food
  safety systems
• Develop and coordinate the regional agricultural
  health and food safety policies, programmes and
  projects
• (Emerging issues, disaster prep, CC positions,
  working group, invasives, gmos, pest id, herd id,
  farm traceablility, agri, forest and fish
  training programmes..)

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Facilitating SMEs

• Priority developing vs implementing
• Policy institutional infrastructure (CAHFSA,
  NAHFS)
• Legislative framework for actuation
• Legislation harmonisation
• 3 draft bills and gt16 regulations
• Similar measures process and procedure
  recognised and acceptable to all MS regarding
  trade
• Physical -Laboratory infrastructure-
• Building capacity and capability
• Rational use
• Accreditation

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Facilitating

• CARICOM - CCS
• CARICOM groups to advise
• Donor Conference
• Investment conference
• Trade disputes- misunderstandings
• Production integration
• How you can help/what do you want?

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• fish health STANDARDS
• EU and US have legislation specific to fish
  and fish products
• CARICOM MS emerging OIE and experts group
  (CRFM)

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• FISH HEALTH STANDARDS
• Regarding specific hazards in fishery products
  from the USDA fish and fisheries products
  hazards and controls guide
• http//www.cfsan.fda.gov/seafoodl.html
• For the EU requirements for fish hygiene
  controls
• http//www.sfp-acp.org/

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• fish STANDARDS
• International level
• Hazards relate to physical, chemical and
  biological (virus, bacteria and parasites
  -platyhelminths)
• Legislation should seek to address the expected
  standards for each of these
• Of course there are international standards for
  the cooked products -microbiological criteria for
  cooked fish, shell fish, molluscs (particularly
  salmonella)

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• FISH HEALTH STANDARDS
• Fish toxins certain spp should not be marketed
  e.g. blue ringed octopus and four genera
• Fish toxin ciguatoxin neuro toxin found in
  the muscle of certain predatory fish spp reef
  dwellers in tropical waters.
• The exact mix of spp and seasonality of toxicity
  is highly location dependent.
• Histamines in mackerel, tuna, blue fish and mahi
  mahi
• in spoilage of the product enzyme is produced
  acts on the amino acid to produce the histamine.
  - the enzyme continues to work even if the fish
  is chilled or frozen.
• Hence there are standards for histamine limits in
  the various spp.

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• fish STANDARDS
• Chemical hazards
• histamine and ciguatoxin in reef fishes,
• shellfish toxins
• veterinary drugs
• environmental contaminants as dioxin and
• toxic heavy metals as lead, cadmium and mercury,
• These have their own max residue limits
  (standards)

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FISH STANDARDSInternational level
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• FISH STANDARDS
• Regarding Biological hazards for filter feeders
• - there are standards for - E. coli and
  Salmonella

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FISH STANDARDS Quality aspects
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Quality/Private standards

• These standards are now
• widely used throughout
• the EU/US
• They usually go beyond the legislative/WTO
• requirements
• Each standard has its specific requirements
  must be verified by independent certification

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Private Standards

• They are generally private contracts between
  entrepreneurs.
• Many types
• Environmental impact of production ISO 14001
• Labour and Human Rights Ethical Trade
  Initiative
• Management of enterprise ISO 9000
• Food Management Systems as Eurepgap, British
  Retail Consortium (BRC), Global Food Safety
  Initiative (GFSI).

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Whole Chain Assurance
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EQUAL OPPORTUNITY TO GROW
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