RESOURCES Water, Soil, and Minerals

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RESOURCESWater, Soil, and Minerals
Presented By Sandrine Nattkemper - Shary Trent
- Travis Giannini Aly Shimp - Heather Doyle -
Bryan Gronemeier
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• Our Objectives

We will describe the processes relating to
Water Soil Minerals We will also
consider Potential adverse environmental
impacts due to the use of current and future
resources
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• What is a Resource?
• A material source of fresh water, a mineral
  deposit, or other substances that occurs in a
  natural state and has economic value.
• The word resource was derived from the Latin
  word resurgere, meaning to rise

• Conditional Resources
• Sub-economic Resources
• Hypothetical Resources
• Speculative Resources
• Now lets talk about Water ?

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Water
as a Resource
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Why is water important?

• All animals including humans need fresh water to
  survive.
• At a basic level, everything we eat has some
  water in it.

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• Where do we find fresh water ?

Lakes
Rivers
Snow Pack
Icebergs
These sources are commonly known as Surface
Water
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• Another source of fresh water is found
  underground
• Groundwater is where most of our fresh water is
  withdrawn.
• Sub-Surface Aquifers/Reservoirs
• Confined
• Unconfined Tends to be the most polluted
• The filling of Aquifers are influenced by
• Porosity
• Permeability

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If the total supply of water on the planet war
represented by a fifty-five gallon drum, then
Ocean
Ice Caps
All Rivers
Atmosphere
Groundwater
Freshwater
Soil Moisture
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• Once the resource of Water is located...
• Its uses are then categorized.
• Consumptive Use
• No Re-Charge
• Non-Consumptive Use
• Artificial Natural Recharge

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• Water use in the United States
• 48 - Thermoelectric power
• 34 - Irrigation (water for growing crops, golf
  courses, etc.)
• 11 - Public Supply (water delivered to our homes
  and businesses by water departments)
• 5 - Industrial (Manufacturing, making of
  goods, etc.)
• 2.9 Commercial (restaurants, pizza houses,
  ice-cream parlors, etc
• Domestic (drinking water, bathing, preparing
  food, etc.)

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• So, If we take the Water from the ground and do
  not replace it What can occur?
• Sinkholes

www.ufrsd.net/StaffWWW/StefanL/Geology/ground/sink
hole.jpg
Not Good
http//earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100tu/plots/1112_0
2_sinkhole.jpg
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• As the world population increases.
• So does the demand for this resource.
• The evidence suggests resource shortages for the
  future as well as other hazardous events like
  sinkholes and/or subsidence.

What can we do ?
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• Practice Conservation
• Limit water waste in the home.
• Water lawns in the morning.
• Avoid traditional lawns and lean towards ground
  covering.
• Change irrigation habits.
• Shifting crops where rain is abundant.
• Reduce water transfer through open ditches to
  limit evaporation.
• Interbasin Transfer of Surface Water
• Movement of water from one region to another.
• Desalination - Purification to make water usable.
  (5x more costly)
• Filtration
• Distillation

Now lets talk about Soil ?
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SOIL AS A RESOURCE

• What is Soil ?
• Engineers call soil anything they can move
  without blasting.Jeff Tolhurst

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• What We Use Soil For
• Agriculture
• Natural and semi-natural vegetation
• Microscopic organisms domain
• Habitat
• Water control and distribution
• Building and construction
• Archeology

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Problems

• Erosion
• The dislodgement of soil particles
• Causes
• Precipitation
• Wind
• Poor farming practices
• Off-road vehicles
• Strip mining
• Over-active urbanization
• Commercial development

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Problems Continued

• Topsoil the rich organic top layer- is lost,
  which leads to reduced ability to farm
• Sediment deposition run off water that carries
  particles into existing bodies of water, which
  leads to loss of water quality
• Sediment is currently classified as a pollutant
• 750 million tons enters lakes and streams
• Decreases water quality and may harm wildlife
  even worse when sediment contains toxic residue
  from agricultural development
• Coho Salmon migration and mating processes
  impeded because sediment smothered the gravel
  beds theyre now on endangered species list

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Strategies for Reducing Erosion

• Land Use Planning Reducing the velocity agent
  while also protecting the soil from its effects
• Leaving stubble in the fields after a crop
  harvest, planting cover crops in off-season, and
  in between crops
• Wind damage can be slowed by planting hedges,
  rows of trees, and low fences
• Sediment pollution prevention hay bales and
  wattles placed at bottom of hills or
  construction/agricultural sites
• Off-road vehicles restricted only to prescribed
  trails
• Urban construction sites clear the land in
  stages, leaving less time for bare soil to be
  exposed

Lets move our attention to Minerals and Rocks ?
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Mineral and Rock Resources

• Ore Deposits
• Types of Mineral Deposits
• Examples of Mineral and Rock Resources
• Metals
• Iron
• Aluminum
• Copper, Leads, Zinc, Nickel, Cobalt, ECT.

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• Nonmetallic Minerals
• Sulfur
• Halite (rock salt)
• Rock Resources
• 1.1billion tons sand and gravel used in
  construction 2002
• 1.6 billion tons crushed rock used for fill and
  other
• 30 million tons quartz-rich sand used to make
  glass

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• Iron is needed for the blood.
• Magnesium is also needed for a healthy body,
  specifically contributing to bone structure.

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• U.S. Minerals Supply and Demand
• Top Production Consumption Totals of 2002(In
  Metric Tons/Year)
• Metals
• Iron .......50,000, 56,000
• Aluminum ..2,700, 6,400
• Silver . 1,470, 5,340
• Copper . 1,450, 2,700
• Non-Metals
• Salt ..43,900, 50,200
• Clays .. 40,700, 35,900
• Phosphate 35,800, 37,700
• Minerals for the Future Some Options Considered

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Conclusion

• Today we have discussed the recourses of water,
  soil, and minerals
• We are consuming more than we are producing
• We need to conserve, find new methods of use, and
  new resources