TRENDS IN THE USE OF CROPS DEVELOPED THROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE USA AND THE WORLD

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TRENDS IN THE USE OF CROPS DEVELOPED THROUGH
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE USA AND THE WORLD

• BY
• Dr. Duane R. Berglund
• Professor of Plant Science and
• NDSU Extension Agronomist

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BiotechnologyTerminology Used

• GMOs
• Transgenics
• GMCs
• GMs
• HTCs

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Definition of Biotechnology

• The application of science and engineering in
  the direct and indirect use of living organisms
  or parts or products of living organisms, in
  their natural or modified forms. Agric. And
  Agric. Food Canada.
• A collection of scientific techniques that
  are used to create, improve or modify plants,
  animals and microorganismsU. S. Dept. of
  Agriculture.

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Natural GM of Crops Works!

• Corn grain yields have increased by 1.6 bushels
  per acre per year for the last 70 years.
• Primarily due to natural genetic modification
  (GM) and improved crop production technologies.

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But, some worry

• The annual yield gain (1.6 bu/ac/yr) as a percent
  of the yield potential of the corn crop has been
  decreasing for the past 70 years.

Nagging Question Can we keep up with the
increasing global need for food?
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Rapid Adaptation Biotech Crops

• Soybean
• Corn
• Cotton
• Canola

• 3 years
• 3 years
• 2-3 years
• 1-2 years

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BIO TECH CROPS 2005UNITED STATES

• USDA Estimates Major Crops
• 118 million acres in USA
• 10 Increase in acres
• 30 fold increase since inception in 1996

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2003 GM Major USA Crop Plantings
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USA Major GM Crop Plantings
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BIO TECH CROPS 2005UNITED STATES

• 87 soybean acres GM (Glyphosate tolerant).
• 63.8 Million Acres GM
• 70 canola acres GM (Glyphosate tolerant and
  Liberty tolerant)
• 700,000 Acres GM

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BIO TECH CROPS - 2005

• 52 corn acres GM
• 26 Bt only
• 17 Herbicide tolerant only
• 9 Stacked gene Hybrids
• 42.4 Million Acres GM in USA

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BIO TECH CROPS - 2005

• 79 cotton acres GM
• 18 Bt only
• 27 Herbicide Tolerant only
• 34 Stacked gene cultivars
• 11.1 Million Acres GM in USA

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2005 Biotech Crop Estimates NORTH DAKOTA

• Corn - North Dakota 52 Acres
• Soybeans- North Dakota 89 Acres
• Canola USA including North Dakota 70 Acres
  or higher

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GM Soybeans in 2005
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Why Do Farmers Grow Herbicide Tolerant Soybeans
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Herbicide Tolerant Crops Benefits

• Easy to use
• Full spectrum weed control
• No carryover residues (Liberty or Roundup)
• Environmentally safe
• Excellent crop safety
• Wide application window (crop stages weed
  stages)
• Control of larger weeds
• Allowance for rescue weed control
• Less cost??

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Herbicide Tolerant Crops - Concerns

• Spray drift non-target crops
• Multiple applications may be required
• Misapplication to non-resistant crop varieties
• Premium price for seed
• Short rotations resulting in added disease/insect
  problems
• Public non-acceptance of genetically altered
  crops
• Pollen movement to organically grown crops
• Resistant weed species (Expected in the future)
• Resistant volunteers to control

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Biotech Update/Status Other Crops

• SUGARBEET Roundup Ready is label approved
• Liberty Tolerant is label approved
• However, Industry Processors will not accept!!
• SUNFLOWER (Imi) Clearfield sunflower
• Hybrids in commercial Fields since 2002(Non-GM)
• WHEAT (Hard Red Spring) (Imi) Clearfield wheat
• Available in 2002
• Roundup Ready Presently placed on hold!!
• -Certain Markets
  not ready to accept!!
• POTATO Bt potato available and approved
• Cultivars were withdrawn because of food
  safety/marketing issues

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Number of Deregulated Articles (total) by
Phenotype Category
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Added Value Soybean Grain and Grain Products
Protein Quality Energy, Digestibility Incre
ased Stability Healthy Oils
38 Protein
30 Carbohydrate
18 Oil
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Waves of Productivity Improvement
INDUSTRIAL NOVEL PRODUCTS Renewable
Polymers Chemical Feedstocks Nutraceuticals

• PLANT PERFORMANCE Drought ToleranceCold
  Tolerance
• Maturity

• FOOD HealthNutrition
• Flavor

PRODUCTIVITY (Value Creation)

• FEED NutritionEnvironment
• Meat Quality

• CROP PROTECTION Insect ResistanceDisease
  Resistance
• Herbicide Tolerance

GERMPLASM BASE - THE FOUNDATION
Time
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• There is a huge hungry world to feed (Growing
  Population).
• There has never been a greater need for
  aggressive agricultural research!
• There has never been more promise of what
  research can accomplish!

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Thanks for your attentionANY QUESTIONS