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Raves, Club Drugs, and Drugs of Abuse

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Title: Raves, Club Drugs, and Drugs of Abuse


1
Raves, Club Drugs, and Drugs of Abuse
  • Dr. Milton H. Cambridge
  • Demand Reduction Outreach and Prevention
    Coordinator

2
Raves
  • Early 80s subculture in England
  • Clandestine or commercialized
  • Loud techno music/dancing
  • Lights and visual stimuli
  • Promoted as Alcohol Free
  • Club drugs bought, sold, consumed
  • Unique costumes or themes

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Environment
  • All night event
  • Clandestine warehouses, deserts, woods, etc.
  • Commercialized established clubs
  • Hot
  • Loud
  • Crowded
  • Dancing
  • Criminal element often present

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Promotions
  • 14-25 year olds targeted group
  • Alcohol-free events
  • Appearance of not promoting drug use
  • Websites, posters, word of mouth
  • Paraphernalia available on internet
  • Spiritual or cultural stimulation/ enhancement
  • One website rated the social and sexual
    performance, hangover, and spiritual effects of
    drugs no mention of dangers

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Rave Paraphernalia
  • Water bottles
  • Light sticks
  • Pacifers
  • Bags of small candy/breath mints
  • Eye-drop bottles
  • Dust surgical masks/Vicks Vapo-Rub
  • Caffeinated beverages
  • OTC stimulants

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Dangers
  • Dehydration
  • Hyperthermia (high body temperature)
  • Caused by drugs, heat, and dehydration
  • Drug use (intentional or unintentional)
  • Crime (sexual physical assault, homicide,
    robbery, property damage, etc.)
  • Crowds
  • Hearing loss over long periods of exposure
  • Lack of compliance with safety regulations

13
Club Drugs and Trend Drugs
  • Ketamine
  • Rohypnol
  • Viagra
  • Oxycodone
  • PCP
  • Heroin
  • Inhalants
  • Marijuana
  • Dextromethorphan
  • Ecstasy
  • Ecstasy Viagra
  • Ecstasy Prozac
  • Ecstasy Ketamine
  • Ecstasy LSD
  • Methamphetamine
  • PMA
  • 4-MTA
  • GHB
  • LSD

14
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
  • E, XTC, X, rolling, tachas, snackies, speedies
  • Stimulant and hallucinogenic properties
  • Effects increased stimuli sensations
  • Signs euphoria, involuntary teeth grinding
  • Causes memory loss, brain damage, Alzheimers
  • OD hyperthermia, teeth clenching, seizures,
    unconsciousness, heart failure, heat stroke
  • Route ingested, snorted, injected
  • Onset/Duration 30-60 minutes/4-6 hours

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Total Ecstasy ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
19
Ecstasy ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
20
Methamphetamine
  • Speed, ice, crystal, crank, batu, christmas
    trees, pink, elbows, Ozs, cinnamon, blade
  • Schedule II, stimulant for ADD, narcolepsy
  • Signs tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia,
    violent behavior
  • OD agitation, hostility, hallucinations,
    seizures, hyperthermia, death
  • Chronic use causes paranoia, hallucinations,
    picking at the skin, violent erratic behavior
  • Route ingested, smoked, snorted, injected
  • Onset/Duration depends on route/6-8 hours

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Yaba
  • Methamphetamine caffeine
  • Crazy medicine, Hitlers drug, Nazi speed
  • Red, orange, or green small pills, most commonly
    with WY stamped on them
  • Originated in Thailand
  • Signs tachycardia, dehydration, paranoia,
    sweating, insomnia, irritability, hallucinations,
    depression
  • Route Oral, inhalation, injection
  • Onset/Duration depends on route/6-8 hours

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Paramethoxyamphetamine
  • PMA, 4-MA, death, Mitsubishi double stack
  • Synthetic hallucinogen
  • Signs tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnea,
    hyperthermia, nystagmus, muscle spasms, visual
    hallucinations
  • OD dysrhythmias, pulmonary edema, renal failure,
    vomiting, seizures, coma (60mg), extreme
    hyperthermia (108? hours after death)
  • Onset/duration depends on route
  • Route ingested, inhaled, injected
  • Esp. hazardous with other amphetamines, alcohol,
    cocaine, prozac

30
4-Methylthioamphetamine
  • 4-MTA, MTA, flatliners, golden eagle
  • Resembles amphetamine, developed as an
    anti-depressant, releases serotonin
  • Effects Stimulant/euphoric effects
  • Signs restlessness, muscle twitches, involuntary
    muscle contractions, tremors, seizures, coma
  • Duration up to 12 hours
  • Route ingested
  • Unknown toxicity side effects
  • Sold as ecstasy

31
4-Methylthioamphetamine
32
Methamphetamine ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
33
Amphetamines ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
34
Amphetamines ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
35
GHB
  • Gamma Hydroxybutyrate, C4H8O3
  • Georgia Home Boy, Grievous Bodily Harm, liquid X,
    goop
  • Made from sodium / potassium hydrochloride
    gamma-butylrolactone (GBL)
  • Signs drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
    status seizures, respiratory depression/cheyne-sto
    kes, coma
  • OD unconsciousness, muscle stiffness, seizures,
    severe respiratory depression, coma
  • Route ingested (liquid)
  • Onset/Duration 10-20 minutes/2-4 hours
  • If made incorrectly, can burn mouth esophagus

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GHB/GBL ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
39
LSD
  • D-lysergic acid diethylamide
  • Acid, cid, blotter acid, candy flipping
  • Most powerful hallucinogen known
  • Put in gel wraps, breath fresheners, Smartie
    candies, blotters, sugar cubes
  • Signs hallucinations, tachycardia, hypertension,
    dilated pupils, hyperthermia, nausea, vomiting
  • OD exaggerated signs as above, death is rare
  • Route ingested, snorted, injected
  • Onset/duration 20-90 minutes/6-12 hours

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LSD ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
44
LSD ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
45
Ketamine Hydrochloride
  • Special K, K, Ket Kat, Cat Valium
  • Dissociative anesthetic
  • Signs hallucinations, vomiting, hypertension,
    bradycardia, irrational behavior, seizures,
    respiratory depression, unconsciousness, hypoxia.
  • Long-term side effects of regular use unknown
  • Onset/duration 15 sec-5 mins/30-60 mins
  • Route Oral, snorted, injected
  • 4/21/02 DEA seized 3,998 vials (Missouri)

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Ketamine ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
51
Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
  • Roofies, Mexican valium, roach-2, rope, rib
  • Sedative, prevents seizures (not in the U.S.)
  • Signs drunkenness, unsteadiness, slurred
    speech, drowsiness, amnesia
  • OD CNS depression, bradycardia, coma, death
  • Used in the commission of date rapes
  • Onset/duration rapid onset/8 hours or more
  • Route dissolved in water, alcohol, other
    liquids can be snorted

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Rohypnol ED Mentions
55
Sildenafil (Viagra)
  • Trail mix, sextasy, hammerheading
  • Treatment of impotence
  • Used to counter sexual dysfunction caused by
    ecstasy
  • Dangerous with nitrates (amyl nitrate) or
    nitrites (heart medication)
  • 4 hours can cause anatomical damage

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Oxycodone (Oxycontin)
  • Oxys, oxycotton, OCs, killer, blue, valerie, rush
  • Analgesic, equally potent as morphine
  • Effects Euphoria
  • Signs euphoria, pinpoint pupils, dizziness,
    confusion, decreased breathing and heart rate
  • OD respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils,
    coma, seizures
  • Onset/duration depends on route/8-12 hours
  • Route snorted, ingested, injected
  • Narcan will reverse effects

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Oxycodone ED Mentions
Includes mentions for oxycodone,
acetaminophen-oxycodone and aspirin-oxycodone
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
61
Cocaine
  • Powder blow, coke, snow, yao, DP, perico,
    p-packs
  • Crack rock, bullets, maa, monkey nut, yam, CDs
  • Most powerful natural stimulant
  • Effects Stimulant
  • Signs dysrhythmias, chest pain, increased heart
    and respiratory rates, hypertension, dilated
    pupils, restlessness, blurred vision, dizziness,
    seizures
  • Crack Lung chest pain, cough w/hemoptysis,
    dyspnea, bronchospasm, pruritis.
  • OD hyperthermia, hallucinations, seizures,
    respiratory failure, death
  • Onset/duration 4-6 secs/depends on amount
  • Route injected, snorted, smoked

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Cocaine ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
67
Cocaine ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
68
Phenyl Cyclohexyl Piperidine (PCP)
  • Embalming fluid, rocket fuel, elephant, hog
  • Veterinary analgesic
  • Signs delirium, violent erratic behavior,
    hypertension, tachycardia, rapid shallow
    breathing, sweating, flushed skin
  • OD bizarre, violent and self-destructive
    behavior, feelings of invulnerability
  • Onset/duration depends on route/4-8 hours
  • Route injected, snorted, smoked

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PCP ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
72
PCP ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
73
Heroin
  • 747, bart simpson, dinosaur, homicide, Monica
    Lewinski, Bin Laden, Jerry Springer
  • Developed as an alternate to morphine
  • Signs respiratory depression, constricted
    pupils, nausea vomiting, warm flushed skin, and
    dry mouth. User goes on the nod
  • OD severe respiratory depression, apnea, coma,
    death
  • Onset/duration 1 min/several hours
  • Route ingested, injected, snorted, smoked

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Heroin ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
77
Heroin ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
78
Inhalants
  • Bagging, huffing
  • Petroleum or chemical product with strong fumes
  • Signs euphoria followed by depression,
    stimulation, distortions in time space,
    headache, nausea vomiting, slurred speech, loss
    of motor coordination, wheezing, dyspnea
  • OD coma, apnea, heart failure, death
  • Onset/duration instantaneous/short duration
  • 2 of 4th and 12th graders used monthly (1998)
  • 2 of 8th graders used at least once (1999)

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Inhalant ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
82
Top 10 Inhalants 1995 2002
Paint (1,762), but no ED Mentions 2001, 2002 No
ED mentions 2001, 2002 No ED mentions 2002 No
ED mentions 2001
83
Marijuana
  • delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
  • Triple a, crank, schwagg, kryptonite, spliff,
    hydro, LG, chiefing
  • THC concentration 1970, 6
  • Sensamilla rose from 6-13 as high as 33
  • Signs dizziness trouble walking silly and
    giggly red, bloodshot eyes impaired memory
    distinctive odor on clothes, hair, skin
  • Onset/duration 3-4 minutes/2-3 hours
  • Route smoked, eaten

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Marijuana ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
88
Marijuana ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
89
Dextromethorphan
  • DXM, DM, Robo, Velvet, Rojo
  • Dosages 100-1500 mg or 1.5 mg/kg 30 mg/kg
  • Effects hallucinations, dissociative effect
  • Signs drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, nystagmus,
    decreased LOC, hyperthermia, drunk and stoned
    appearance
  • OD slurred speech, lethargy, sweating, weak
    pulses, hypotension, nausea/vomiting, ?CNS
  • Onset/duration depends on route/6 hours
  • Route Oral, inhaled
  • Often sold as or mistaken for ecstasy
  • Can cause false positive for PCP
  • 1,467 tablets seized in raid, Albany, NY

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Dextromethorphan ED Mentions
91
5-MeO-DiPT
  • 5-Methoxy-di-isopropyl-tryptamine
  • Foxy, Methoxy Foxy
  • Tryptamine hallucinogenic
  • Effects euphoria, increased stimuli, increased
    sexual and emotional feelings
  • Signs auditory hallucinations, visual
    distortion, jaw clenching, diarrhea, nausea,
    severe anxiety
  • Onset/duration 20-60 mins/14 hours
  • Route ingested, snorted

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Alpha-methyltryptamine
  • AMT, IT-290
  • Hallucinogen
  • Capsule with orange, yellow, or off-white powder
  • Effects stimulation, mood elevation,
    hallucinations
  • Signs increased energy, empathy, visual
    patterns, nausea, vomiting, headaches, teeth
    clenching, blurred vision, anxiety
  • Onset/duration 10 secs-2 hours/14 hours
  • Route ingested, smoked
  • Long term effects unknown

94
Benzylpiperazine, Trifluromethylphenalpiperazine
  • BZP, legal E, Legal X, A2, often sold as ecstasy
  • Stimulant with amphetamine- and ecstasy-like
    properties effects
  • Signs tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia
  • Causes hallucinations, seizures, and respiratory
    depression at high doses
  • MSDS dyspnea, delayed pulmonary edema, chemical
    burns to respiratory tract on inhalation
  • Onset/duration depends on route/6-8 hours
  • Route oral (tablets/pill) or smoked (freebase)
  • Labeled industrial or commercial bottles

95
Useful Websites
www.monitoringthefuture.org www.streetdrugs.org ww
w.treas.gov/usss www.dea.gov www.drugabusestatisti
cs.samshsa.gov www.inhalants.org www.drugabuse.gov
www.health.org
www.nida.nih.gov www.clubdrugs.org www.projectghb.
org www.stopdrugs.org www.adhl.org www.teenchallen
ge.com www.samsha.gov www.familyawareness.org
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