Investigations into the epidemiology of Campylobacter isolated from sheep and cattle: food safety ma

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Investigations into the epidemiology of
Campylobacter isolated from sheep and cattle
food safety management aspects

• Anna Garcia
• Lecturer in Veterinary Public Health

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(No Transcript)
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Campylobacter sheep
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Results
(38-60)
(53-73)
(88-98)
(81-95)
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Campylobacter spp. sheep
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Campylobacter sheep Risk Factors

• Final logistic regression model showing the most
  significant variables for the presence of
  Campylobacter on the carcases.
•   Coef. SE OR 95 CI p-value
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• Cleanliness 2.33 0.89 10.24 1.77-59.18 0.009
• (acceptable but not very clean)
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• C. jejuni 2.20 1.13 9.00 0.97-83.46 0.053
• positive faecal sample
• Final logistic regression model showing the most
  significant variables for the presence of
  Campylobacter jejuni on the carcases.
•  
• Coef. SE OR 95 CI p-value
•  
• Time of the year 3.89 1.22 49.03
  4.44-541.14 0.001
• (winter)

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Campylobacter cattle
http//jmm.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/full/56/11/
1467 J. Med. Microbiol., Nov 2007
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Campylobacter cattle study results
Fd- Faecal samples direct plating Fe- Faecal
samples after enrichment C- Carcases before
chilling Ca-Carcases after 24 hours chilling
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Campylobacter ID results
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MLST ANALYSIS
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Results MLST analysis

• MLST performed 43 samples
• ST identified 15 samples

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MLST RESULTS (PubMLST)

• Fd2 C.jejuni ST 436 has been isolated from human
  stools (UK, 2004 Netherlands, 1998)
• Fd17 C.jejuni ST-97- ST-45 complex. This ST has
  been isolated from chickens (NZ, 1993) chicken
  offal/meat (UK, 1982) wild bird (UK, 2001)
• F86 C.jejuni- ST-52- ST-52 complex. This ST has
  been isolated from humans (stools and blood),
  chicken and sheep in UK, Netherlands, Australia,
  Canada and Curacao
• C30 C.coli 855 ST-828 complex. This ST has been
  isolated from chickens in UK. 
• C69 C.jejuni New ST? 
• C93 C.coli ST-1405 ST-828 complex. This ST has
  been isolated from chickens in UK.

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Quantification Campylobacter

• Direct plating (dilutions)
• Carcases
• Carcases after chilling
• Results very small colonies growing in most
  plates (Gram stain G (-) coccoid bacteria-
  viable Campylobacter?) but also confirmed
  Campylobacter colonies in a few plates
• Real time-PCR
• More research needed (primers and controls)
• Effect of chilling in reducing Campylobacter not
  clear

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Campylobacter control strategies

• Farm to fork research to identify main risk
  factors
• More research into the epidemiology of
  Campylobacter
• More research into effective control and
  prevention
• Surveillance scheme for Campylobacter infections
  in England and Wales (PHLS)
• Effective implementation of controls!
• HACCP evaluation and knowledge management
  (Soliman, 2000)

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Food Safety Management

• Integration
• Food production systems and animal health and
  welfare
• Food Microbiology, Toxicology, new technologies
  (nanotechnology)
• Epidemiology
• Management and industry
• Policy and legislation
• Triple helix model university-industry-governme
  nt in the new knowledge economy (Etzkowitz and
  Leydesdorff, 1998)
• Multidisciplinary teams
• Informed decisions and best solutions for policy
  makers
• IMPLEMENTATIONS

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Animal/food chain data management

• Challenges
• Data quality
• Integration for decision making improvement of
  food safety quality
• Globalisation
• Animal health decision support systems (e.g.
  EpiMAN) and response systems (e.g. GLEWS)
• Food Chain Information, potentially very useful-
  improvements

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Cattle data management project

• Evaluation on cattle data collection and analysis
  across beef and dairy industries (mainly UK but
  data from other areas of the world being
  considered)
• Farm to fork approach (stakeholders)
• Research methodology questionnaires, interviews
• Purposes for data warehousing
• Data mining technologies to extract useful
  knowledge

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Research benefits for the industry

• Increasing external pressure from consumers
  regarding food quality/food safety animal
  welfare
• Food industry needs to implement strategies that
  are consumer focus to remain competitive
• Food industry will benefit from implementing food
  security/food safety systems evaluation of
  effectiveness

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Food Safety Research Benefits
E. coli O157 and Salmonella in cattle      
Food Science Australia's microbiologists have
examined the prevalence of Escherichia coli 0157
and Salmonella in Australian cattle and assisted
industry in developing control measures for these
human pathogens. This research has also been used
by the Australian meat industry in discussions
with trading partners including the USA
http//www.foodscience.afisc.csiro.au/cattle.htm
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Knowledge management

• Intellectual capital is a very important
  strategic asset. Effective knowledge
  organisations learning organisations
• KM models to describe the transformation of
  knowledge into competitive advantage
• KM food security Global economic/climate changes
  dictate agricultural changes

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KM strategies VPH/FOOD SAFETY

• Integration of food safety/VPH control programmes
  to achieve sustainable and safe food production
  in a global scale
• KM applied to disease control and particularly to
  the control of zoonoses (NCZR NWZG)
• Research on disease epidemiology, food safety
  management systems to support and protect public
  health and food industry
• Implementation of effective controls
• Evaluation (innovations) KM strategies
• Multidisciplinary teams triple helix model

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References

• Naisbitt, J. (1982). Megatrends Ten New
  Directions Transforming Our Lives. New York
  Warner Books.
• Wataru Yamazaki-Matsune, Masumi Taguchi, Kazuko
  Seto, Ryuji Kawahara, Kentaro Kawatsu, Yuko
  Kumeda, Miyoshi Kitazato, Masafumi Nukina, Naoaki
  Misawa, and Teizo Tsukamoto (2007). Development
  of a multiplex PCR assay for identification of
  Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus,
  Campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp.
  hyointestinalis, Campylobacter jejuni,
  Campylobacter lari and Campylobacter upsaliensis
  J. Med. Microbiol., Nov 2007 56 1467 - 1473.
• Soliman, F. (2000). Application of Knowledge
  management for hazard analysis in the Australian
  dairy industry. Journal of Knowledge Management.
  Volume 4 . Number 4 . 2000 . 287-294
• Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. (1998) The
  endless transition a Triple Helix of
  university-industry-government relations,
  Minerva, XXXVI (3) 203 8.
• WHO (2002). Future trends in Veterinary Public
  Health. WHO Technical Report Series 907.
  Available online http//whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO
  _TRS_907.pdf
• Pictures from http//www.kissmyfloppy.com/pages/p
  ictures.php?categoryanimations
  www.campylobacterblog.com www.wmin.ac.uk
  www.flickr.com http//www.wasdalefellmeats.co.uk
  /lamutt.htm http//www.azuwishevents.com/images/c
  oastal_bend_texas_beef_tenderloin.jpg
  http//www.funnypictures.net.au/modern-toilet-rest
  aurant http//www.magma.ca/pavel/science/Foodbug
  s.htm http//genetics.med.harvard.edu/perrimon/c
  ampylobacter.htmlcjejuni http//www.strangezoo.c
  om/images/content/1050.jpg

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Acknowledgements

• University of Glasgow Prof. David Taylor, Billy
  Steele, Bacteriology lab, CEI
• University of Liverpool Dr. Howard
  Leatherbarrow, NCZR colleagues, Farm Animal
  Department, Bacteriology lab, Prof. Tony Hart
• VPHA
• USA Prof. Will Hueston
• ECVPH colleagues

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THANK YOU!
Questions?