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Parts of the plant and their functions

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Types of Flowers. complete. contains 4 main parts. Incomplete. does not have all 4 main parts ... Types of Flowers. monoecious. stamens and pistils are found ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Parts of the plant and their functions


1
Parts of the plant and their functions
2
Importance of plants
  • Without plants life on earth would not exist

3
Plants
  • Primary source of food for people and animals
  • Produce oxygen
  • help to keep us cool
  • renew the air

4
Plants
  • slow wind speed
  • provide a home for wildlife
  • beautify surroundings
  • perfume the air
  • furnish building materials and fuel

5
Parts of a plant
  • Four basic parts
  • leaves
  • stems
  • roots
  • flowers

6
Leaves
  • the food factory of the plant
  • produce the food used by the plant or stored for
    later use

7
Shape and size of leaves
  • vary among plants
  • used for identification of plants

8
Leaf arrangement
  • alternate
  • opposite
  • whorled
  • arranged in a circle around the stem

9
External leaf structure
  • petiole - leaf stalk
  • leaf blade (leaf)
  • has veins
  • forms structural framework of the leaf

10
Midrib
  • large center vein from which all other leaf veins
    extend

11
Margins
  • edges of leaves
  • assists in plant identification

12
Internal leaf structure
  • epidermis
  • skin of the leaf
  • single layer of cells
  • protects leaf from loss of too much moisture

13
Guard Cells
  • open and close the small pore on the underside of
    the leaf

14
Stomates
  • allow the plant to breathe and transpire
  • give off moisture

15
Chloroplasts
  • contain chlorophyll
  • located inside the food making cells

16
Photosynthesis
  • process by which CO2 and H2O in the presence of
    light are converted to sugar and oxygen

17
Chemical formula
  • 6CO2 6H2O
  • ----- in reaction with sunlight and chlorophyll
    ------
  • C6H12O6 (glucose) 6O2

18
food
  • manufactured in the leaves moves downward through
    the stem to the roots
  • used by the plant
  • stored in stem or root and leaf in the form of
    sugar, starch or protein.

19
Respiration
  • plants respire 24 hours a day
  • consume O2 and give off CO2
  • plants produce more O2 through ps. Than they
    consume during respiration and growth.

20
Stems
  • have two main functions
  • movement of water and minerals from the roots
    upward and movement of manufactured food down

21
Stem functions
  • support of leaves and reproductive structures

22
Stems also
  • used for food storage and reproduction of plants
    involving cuttings
  • Green stems manufacture food just as leaves do

23
External Stem Structure
  • lenticels- breathing pores
  • bud scale scars-indicate where terminal bud has
    been located previous year.

24
Leaf Scars
  • shows where leaf was attached
  • Distance between the two represents one year of
    growth.

25
Internal Stem Structure
  • phloem- bark, carries manufactured foods down.
  • Xylem- wood, carries water and minerals up.
  • Cambium- separates the 2 and produces all new
    cells.
  • Characteristic of dicots

26
Internal Stem Structure
  • dicot- dicotyledon, a plant with 2 seed leaves

27
Monocot
  • Monocotyledon - a plant with one seed leaf.
  • Have vascular bundles, contain both xylem and
    phloem in each small bundle

28
Monocot
  • stems have no cambium
  • cells enlarge to create size of mature stem

29
Economic Importance
  • food
  • building materials

30
Roots
  • Usually underground
  • functions
  • anchor plant and hold upright
  • absorb water and minerals form soil and conduct
    to stem
  • store food, propagation

31
Root Structure
  • internal
  • similar to stems
  • older roots have xylem, phloem and cambian

32
external
  • root cap
  • produces continuous supply of new cells
  • protects roots as they push through soil

33
Structure
  • root hairs
  • absorb moisture and minerals
  • small roots

34
Functions other than water and mineral absorption
  • cash crops for food
  • carrots
  • beets
  • radishes
  • sweet potatoes
  • propagation

35
Type of root systems
  • fibrous-grasses
  • easier transplanting
  • shorter, smaller, more compact
  • lap root-carrot
  • longer and fewer roots

36
Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
  • pollination- color of flower attracts insects to
    fertilize flower
  • beginning of fruit and seed formation
  • fruits and seed are attractive to birds who eat
    and spread seeds.
  • Reproduces plant
  • some seeds carried on animals coats

37
Parts of the Flower
  • differ in size, shape, and color, some basic
    parts
  • sepal
  • green leaf-like part, covers and protects bud
    before opening

38
Petals
  • are actually leaves
  • usually bright colors to attract pollinating
    insects.

39
Parts of the Flower
  • stamens
  • male part of flower
  • has two parts
  • filament-stalk

40
Anther
  • anther- sac-like structure on top of filament,
    contains pollen

41
Parts of the Flower
  • Pistil - female part
  • in the center of flower
  • has three parts

42
Pistil
  • three parts
  • stigma - top - sticky
  • style - tube leading from stigma to ovary

43
Ovary
  • egg cells develop here
  • grows to become fruit or seedcoat

44
Types of Flowers
  • complete
  • contains 4 main parts

45
Incomplete
  • does not have all 4 main parts

46
Perfect
  • has stamens and pistils

47
Imperfect
  • lacks stamens or pistils

48
Types of Flowers
  • monoecious
  • stamens and pistils are found in separate flowers
    on the same plant
  • ex Corn

49
dioecious
  • male or staminate flowers found on one plant,
    female or pistilate flowers on another plant
  • ex holly
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