21_B4_U01A

1
21st Century College English Book 4
Unit 1 Text A
Who Is Great?
2
Unit 1 Text A

• Lead-in Activities
• Text Organization
• Reading Writing Skills
• Language Points
• Guided Practice
• Assignment

3
Lead-in Activities
Questions for Discussion
1) In your opinion, what are the characteristics
of great people? (the differences between great
people and other people) 2) Tell your classmates
about a great person you particularly admire
4
Text Organization
Who Is Great?
I. Introduction of the topic by the examples of
some great people
II. Definition of being great. (Who is great?)
III. Common characteristics of great people
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Reading Writing Skills
1. Reading skill There are three levels of
understanding and evaluation in efficient
reading a. To grasp the overall idea of main
point of a given passage along with its general
structure b. To subject the specific details to
closer examination and explain what something
means and why it is introduced c. To evaluate
what the author has said, determine what
conclusions might be drawn and what judgment
could be passed on.
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Reading Writing Skills
2) Writing skill This text is a magazine
article which reports on the ideas of another
book, When presenting ideas from another source,
it is important to be clear about the source of
your information and wording, Giving proper
credit to your sources is called citation and the
failure to do this is a serious offense known as
plagiarism In presenting the ideas from
Simontons book, the author of the article uses
both direct quotation (repeating words from a
source exactly and using quotation marks) and
indirect quotation (repeating the ideas from a
source, but putting them into ones own words).
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Language Points
Text A

Who Is Great?
8
Language Points
Who Is Great? 1 As a young boy, Albert Einstein
did so poorly in school that teachers thought he
was slow. The young Napoleon Bonaparte was just
one of hundreds of artillery lieutenants in the
French Army. And the teenage George Washington,
with little formal education, was being trained
not as a soldier but as a land surveyor. 2 Despite
their unspectacular beginnings, each would go on
to carve a place for himself in history. What was
it that enabled them to become great? Were they
born with something special? Or did their
greatness have more to do with timing, devotion
and, perhaps, an uncompromising personality?
9
Language Points
3 For decades, scientists have been asking such
questions. And, in the past few years, they have
found evidence to help explain why some people
rise above, while others similarly talented,
perhaps are left behind. Their findings could
have implications for us all.
10
Language Points
4 Who is great? Defining who is great depends on
how one measures success. But there are some
criteria. Someone who has made a lasting
contribution to human civilization is great,
said Dean Keith Simonton, a professor of
psychology at the University of California at
Davis and author of the 1994 book Greatness Who
Makes History and Why. But he added a word of
caution Sometimes great people dont make it
into history books. A lot of women achieved great
things or were influential but went unrecognized.
11
Language Points
5 In writing his book, Simonton combined
historical knowledge about great figures with
recent findings in genetics, psychiatry and the
social sciences. The great figures he focused on
include men and women who have won Nobel Prizes,
led great nations or won wars, composed
symphonies that have endured for centuries, or
revolutionized science, philosophy, politics or
the arts. Though he doesnt have a formula to
define how or why certain people rise above (too
many factors are involved), he has come up with a
few common characteristics.
12
Language Points
6 A never surrender attitude. If great
achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an
unrelenting drive to succeed. Theres a tendency
to think that they are endowed with something
super-normal, he explained. But what comes out
of the research is that there are great people
who have no amazing intellectual processes. Its
a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon
tremendous amounts of study, practice and
devotion.
13
Language Points
7 He cited Winston Churchill, Britains prime
minister during World War II, as an example of a
risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into
office when his countrys morale was at its
lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the
British people. In a speech following the Allied
evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the
nation when he said, We shall not flag or fail.
We shall go on to the end...We shall never
surrender.
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Language Points
8 Can you be born great? In looking at
Churchills role in history as well as the
roles of other political and military leaders
Simonton discovered a striking pattern
Firstborns and only children tend to make good
leaders in time of crisis Theyre used to taking
charge. But middle-borns are better as peacetime
leaders They listen to different interest groups
better and make the necessary compromises.
Churchill, an only child, was typical. He was
great in a crisis, but in peacetime he was not
effective not even popular.
15
Language Points
9 Timing is another factor. If you took George
Washington and put him in the 20th century he
would go nowhere as a politician, Simonton
declared. He was not an effective public
speaker, and he didnt like shaking hands with
the public. On the other hand, Im not sure
Franklin Roosevelt would have done well in
Washingtons time. He wouldnt have had the radio
to do his fireside chats.
16
Language Points
10 Can you be too smart? One surprise among
Simontons findings is that many political and
military leaders have been bright but not overly
so. Beyond a certain point, he explained, other
factors, like the ability to communicate
effectively, become more important than innate
intelligence as measured by an IQ test. The most
intelligent U.S. Presidents, for example Thomas
Jefferson, Woodrow Wilson and John F. Kennedy
had a hard time getting elected, Simonton said,
while others with IQs closer to the average (such
as Warren G. Harding) won by landslides. While
political and economic factors also are involved,
having a genius IQ is not necessary to be a great
leader.
17
Language Points
11 In the sciences, those with genius level
IQs do have a better chance at achieving
recognition, added Simonton. Yet evidence also
indicates that overcoming traditional ways of
thinking may be just as important. 12 He pointed
to one recent study where college students were
given a set of data and were asked to see if they
could come up with a mathematical relation.
Almost a third did. What they did not know was
that they had just solved one of the most famous
scientific equations in history the Third Law of
Planetary Motion, an equation that Johannes
Kepler came up with in 1618.
18
Language Points
13 Keplers genius, Simonton said, was not so
much in solving a mathematical challenge. It was
in thinking about the numbers in a unique way
applying his mathematical knowledge to his
observations of planetary motion. It was his
boldness that set him apart. 14 Love your work.
As a child, Einstein became fascinated with the
way magnets are drawn to metal. He couldnt stop
thinking about this stuff, Simonton pointed out.
He became obsessed with problems in physics by
the time he was 16, and he never stopped working
on them. Its not surprising that he made major
contributions by the time he was 26.
19
Language Points
15 For most of us, its not that we dont have
the ability, Simonton added, its that we dont
devote the time. You have to put in the effort
and put up with all the frustrations and
obstacles. 16 Like other creative geniuses,
Einstein was not motivated by a desire for fame,
said Simonton. Instead, his obsession with his
work was what set him apart. 17 Where such drive
comes from remains a mystery. But it is found in
nearly all creative geniuses whether or not
their genius is acknowledged by contemporaries.
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Language Points
18 Emily Dickinson was not recognized for her
poetry until after her death, said Simonton.
But she was not writing for fame. The same can
be said of James Joyce, who didnt spend a lot of
time worrying about how many people would read
Finnegans Wake.
21
Language Points
19 Today, researchers have evidence that an
intrinsic passion for ones work is a key to
rising above. In a 1985 study at Brandeis
University conducted by Teresa Amabile, now a
professor of business administration at Harvard
University, a group of professional writers
none famous were asked to write a short poem.
Each writer was then randomly placed in one of
three groups One group was asked to keep in mind
the idea of writing for money another was told
to think about writing just for pleasure and a
third group was given no instruction at all.
22
Language Points
20 The poems then were submitted anonymously to a
panel of professional writers for evaluation. The
poetry written by people who thought about
writing for money ranked lowest. Those who
thought about writing just for pleasure did the
best. Motivation that comes from enjoying the
work makes a significant difference, Amabile
said.
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Text-related information
Text-related information
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) Napoleon
Bonaparte, Emperor of the French from 1804 to
1814, is known in history as Napoleon I. In
1804-1805, a European coalition was formed
against Napoleon. The defeat at the battle of
Waterloo in 1815 ended his rule. He spent the
rest of his life in exile on St. Helena.
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carve 1. form sth. by cutting away material from
wood or stone 2. build ones (career,
reputation, etc.) by hard work
Examples The pot was carved out of a single
piece of stone. The new airline hopes to carve
(out) a place for itself in the European market.
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rise above become successful or outstanding
Examples Justin rose above and did well in
his classes. A woman who can rise above (such
difficulties) is obviously exceptional.
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Text-related information
Text-related information
Keith Simonton Dr. Keith Simonton is professor of
Psychology at the University of California at
Davis. He is on the editorial board of the
Creativity Research Journal, Leadership
Quarterly, Review of General Psychology, Journal
of Creative Behavior, etc.
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Translation
Sometimes great people dont make it into history
books. A lot of women achieved great things or
were influential but went unrecognized.
Key ?????????????????????????,???????,?????????
Translate the sentence ?
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great figures great people
Examples He was a great figure in the
independent struggle. He is a great figure in
the anti-Japanese war.
29
revolutionize vt. completely change
Examples Newtons discoveries revolutionized
physics. These time-saving techniques could
revolutionize your life.
30
be endowed with naturally have a good quality,
ability, feature, etc.
Examples She is endowed with intelligence as
well as beauty. The place is generally endowed
with prehistoric sites.
31
come out of result form be produced
Examples What came out of your long talks with
the director? The system has come out of
artificial intelligence research.
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Text-related information
Text-related information
The Allied evacuation at Dunkirk Dunkirk is an
important commercial seaport, which was one of
the great actions of World War II. From May 29 to
June 4, small volunteer craft crossed the channel
and evacuated 360,000, or three quarters, of the
Allied forces in the face of a terrible artillery
bombardment.
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Translation
We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the
end...We shall never surrender.
Translate the sentence ?
Key ??????????????????????????
More to learn
34
flag and fail is an example of alliteration,
the use of two or more words close together which
all begin with the same letter or sound to create
a musical rhythm to the speech.
Examples Time and tide wait for no
man. Round the rugged rocks the ragged rascal
ran.
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a striking pattern a remarkable and rascal rule
pattern way in which something happens, moves
or develops
Examples behavior pattern the pattern of
family life has been changing over recent years.
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he would go nowhere as a politician he would
not make a successful politician
If you say that you are nowhere, that you are
going or getting nowhere, or that something is
getting you nowhere, you mean that all your
efforts are not successful
Examples Hell go nowhere with her she is too
young. Im trying to persuade her to come but
Im getting nowhere.
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Translation
Beyond a certain point, he explained, other
factors, like the ability to communicate
effectively, become more important than innate
intelligence as measured by an IQ test.
Translate the sentence ?
Key ????,???????,????,?????????,?????????????????
?????
38
Text-related information
Text-related information
Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) Woodrow Wilson was
twenty-eighth President of the USA (1913-1921).
He entered an academic career in 1883 and was
appointed president of Princeton University in
1902.Wilson became a successful reform governor
and earned a reputation that helped give him the
Democratic nomination for the Presidency in 1912.
39
Translation
Yet evidence also indicates that overcoming
traditional ways of thinking may be just as
important.
Translate the sentence ?
Key ??,?????????????????????
40
set apart make different from or superior
to others
Examples His exceptional height set him apart
from the rest of the man. The attributes set
humans apart from even the most intelligent
machines.
41
obsessed unable to think about something too
interested in or very worried about something
Examples The government seems obsessed by the
need for secrecy. Theyre both obsessed with
the fear of getting AIDS.
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put in use or spend (effort, time, etc.)
Examples Youve obviously put a lot of work in
your garden. If I put in some extra hours
today, I can have time off tomorrow.
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put up with tolerate or bear be willing to
accept (sth. unpleasant or not desirable.)
Examples Hes finding it difficult to put up
with the pain. They have a lot to put up with.
44
Text-related information
Text-related information
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) Emily Dickinson, a
New England spinster whose work was unknown in
her lifetime, was one of Americans Finest poets.
Her three volume poem, Poems of Emily Dickinson,
are brief and condensed, characterized by unusual
rhyming and swift flashes of insight. The
collection Letter of Emily Dickinson was
published in 1958.
45
say of express an opinion about
Examples People say of him that hes over 100.
Its often said of the island that it is like
a jewel set in the sea.
46
Translation
Today, researchers have evidence that an
intrinsic passion for ones work is a key to
rising above.
Key ??,?????????,??????????????????????????
Translate the sentence ?
47
a panel of professional writer a small group of
professional writers.
a panel is a small group of people who are
chosen, for example, to discuss or give their
opinions on a particular subject in public, or to
hear evidence and make a decision
Examples The competition will be judged by a
panel of experts. Does the panel think that
the proposed sale of these nationalized
industries is beneficial to the country?
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Text-related information
Text-related information
James Joyce (1882-1941) James Joyce, an Irish
novelist and poet, was educated at a Jesuit
boarding school and University College, Dublin.
His masterpiece, Ulysses (1922),employs a variety
of techniques, and ranges from extreme realism
to fantasy. His important works also include
Dubliners (1914) (collection of short stories), A
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
(1914-1915), (autobiographical novel) and
Finnegans Wake (1939).
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Guided Practice

• Vocabulary
• Cloze
• Translation
• Structure Writing

50
Vocabulary
???? IV Ex. IV, p12
51
Vocabulary

IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
despite criterion contribution influentia
l characteristic cite moral
chat innate obstacle motivate
obsession acknowledge contemporary intrinsic
submit
1. Im just coming around to have a friendly
________ with you. How are you doing?
chat
2. When youre writing a paper, you must
________________ the sources of the statements
you have quoted to support your argument.
acknowledge
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Vocabulary

IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
despite criterion contribution influentia
l characteristic cite moral
chat innate obstacle motivate
obsession acknowledge contemporary intrinsic
submit
3. As the saying goes, Where there is a will,
there is a way. People who want to make things
better can do so if only they are strongly
_________.
motivated
4. The expression of intense feelings in a simple
and yet profound way is recognized as a
_____________ of Emily Dickinsons poetry.
characteristic
53
Vocabulary

IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
despite criterion contribution influentia
l characteristic cite moral
chat innate obstacle motivate
obsession acknowledge contemporary intrinsic
submit
5. Thomas Jefferson devoted himself completely
to the drafting of the Declaration of
Independence _______ his personal sorrow and
trouble.
despite
6. As the most __________ US president, Franklin
Roosevelt left a legacy which still deeply
affects the country today.
influential
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Vocabulary
IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
despite criterion contribution influentia
l characteristic cite moral
chat innate obstacle motivate
obsession acknowledge contemporary intrinsic
submit
cited
7. Madame Curie is often _____ as an example of a
great scientist who would never yield to
hardships in her quest for knowledge.
obstacle
8. As I see it, laziness is the biggest
________ to persons success.
55
Vocabulary

IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
despite criterion contribution influentia
l characteristic cite moral
chat innate obstacle motivate
obsession acknowledge contemporary intrinsic
submit
9. Curiosity is the best teacher. If materials of
no ________ interest are crammed into students
head, no effective learning can be achieved.
intrinsic
10. What are your _______ for selecting the
greatest literary works of the 20th century?
criteria
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Vocabulary
IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
despite criterion contribution influentia
l characteristic cite moral
chat innate obstacle motivate
obsession acknowledge contemporary intrinsic
submit
11. Its good to see a child develop different
interests, but when any interest turns into an
__________ it can be worrying to parents.
obsession
12. Before they go to school, children manage to
progress from newborns with only ______
abilities to children with an enormous amount of
knowledge about the ten years of research.
innate
57
Vocabulary
IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
despite criterion contribution influentia
l characteristic cite moral
chat innate obstacle motivate
obsession acknowledge contemporary intrinsic
submit
13. Mother Teresa will long be remembered for her
unique ____________ to the cause of caring for
the sick and dying.
contribution
14. Albert Einstein, Franklin Roosevelts
_____________, got involved in politics by
suggesting the government develop its own nuclear
weapons program.
contemporary
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Vocabulary

IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
despite criterion contribution influentia
l characteristic cite moral
chat innate obstacle motivate
obsession acknowledge contemporary intrinsic
submit
15. For the inclusion of your record in the
Guinness Book of World Records, an application
must be _________ to its headquarters in London.
submitted
16. History has proved that in time of crisis a
capable and charismatic (????) person must be
called to leadership so as to raise the nations
______.
moral
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Vocabulary
???? IV Ex. V, P13
60
Vocabulary
V. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given
below. Change the form where necessary.
make history rise above leave
behind focus on come up with be endowed
with build upon put in go nowhere
set apart take charge put up with
1. As todays world is making fantastic progress
in science and technology, any nation content to
rely on past successes will soon be ___________.
left behind
2. Though she was only a normal athlete in high
school, in college her ability allowed her
to__________ and become a star
rise above
61
Vocabulary
V. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given
below. Change the form where necessary.
make history rise above leave
behind focus on come up with be endowed
with build upon put in go nowhere set
apart take charge put up with
3. After replacing a wounded artillery general,
Napoleon ____________ at the young age of 24 by
seizing rebellious Toulon (??).
made history
4. I wish I __________________ both intelligence
and good looks, but overall I think its more
important to be smart than pretty.
were endowed with
62
Vocabulary
V. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given
below. Change the form where necessary.
make history rise above leave
behind focus on come up with be endowed
with build upon put in go nowhere
set apart take charge put up with
5. I enjoy my work, but my boss bothers me so
much that Im not sure how much longer Ill be
able to ____________ him.
put up with
6. This approach is ______________. We had
better come up with a new way of dealing with
this problem.
going nowhere
63
Vocabulary
V. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given
below. Change the form where necessary.
make history rise above leave
behind focus on come up with be endowed
with build upon put in go nowhere
set apart take charge put up with
7. As the name suggests, the book Greatness Who
Makes History and Why is supposed to ________
what enables some people to go down in history.
focus on
8. This psychology professors study of great
figures is reported to ____________ over ten
years of research.
were built on
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Vocabulary
V. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given
below. Change the form where necessary.
make history rise above leave
behind focus on come up with be endowed
with build upon put in go nowhere set
apart take charge put up with
9. I think your grades are low because you dont
study enough. You really need to _______ more
time studying if you expect to do well.
put in
10. Advertising is a tough business because it is
very difficult to ____________ new ideas to sell
the same old products.
come up with
65
Vocabulary
V. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given
below. Change the form where necessary.
make history rise above leave
behind focus on come up with be endowed
with build upon put in go nowhere set
apart take charge put up with
11. I think its the teachers responsibility to
____________ of the class, not to always ask the
students what they want to do.
take charge
12. The qualities that truly ___ Winston
Churchill _____ were his determination and his
ability to inspire others.
66
Cloze
???? IV Ex. IX, p. 16
67
Cloze
IX. Fill in each blank with the most appropriate
word from the four choices given.

• A) unrelenting
• B) influential
• C) thrusting
• D) surveying

There are many paths to greatness. Some people
go down in history for their 1)____ political
leadership. Others are remembered for spectacular
scientific 2)____ for composing great symphonies,
or writing 3)____ poetry. But whatever path they
take, great people seem to 4)____ a few common
characteristics.

• A) cities B) carvings
• C) breakthroughs
• D) compositions

3. A) active B) brilliant C) firstborn D)
super-normal
4. A) share B) flag C) believe D) hope
68
Cloze
They are relentlessly 5)____ and persistent they
have both intellectual skills and the ability to
work well with other people and they love their
work. In fact, 6)____ these people, work is more
like an obsession than a job. Of course, many of
the questions about greatness 7)____ ,
unanswered. What roles so genetics and
environment 8)____ in the question?

• A) innate
• B) symphonic
• C) unspectacular
• D) optimistic

6. A) by B) through C) into D) for
7. A) submit B) evaluate C) remain D)
land
8. A) play B) equate C) submit D) carve
69
Cloze
How can we know who among our 9) will be
remembered as great and which people, though
famous today, will be 10)____ in the future? Its
also possible that our 11)____ of who is great is
not always fair or accurate. For example, the of
12)____ women are not recognized as often as they
should be.
9. A) colleagues B) contemporaries C)
risk-takers D) firstborn
10. A) forgotten B) super-normal C)
characteristic D) evacuated
11. A) idea B)survey C) boldness D) view
12. A)achievement B)options C) chats D) view
70
Cloze
Finally, we cant even be 13)____ if it is really
good to be great. Maybe the happiest people are
the normal ones. Normal people arent endowed
14)____ what it takes to be great, but they also
dont have to worry 15)____ the burdens of
history.
13. A) cited B) sure C) endowed D)
natural
14. A) about B) for C) with D) by
15. A) about B) for C) with D) since
71
Translation
72
Translation
???? IV Ex. X, p. 17
73
Translation
X. Translate the following into Chinese.
????,????????????????????,????????????????
If great achievers share anything, said
Simonton, it is an relenting drive to succeed.
There is an tendency to think that they are
endowed with something super-normal, he
explained. But what comes out of the research
is that there are great people who have no
amazing intellectual processes. Its a difference
in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous
amounts of study, practice and devotion.
If great achievers share anything, said
Simonton, it is an relenting drive to succeed.
There is an tendency to think that they are
endowed with something super-normal, he
explained. But what comes out of the research
is that there are great people who have no
amazing intellectual processes. Its a difference
in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous
amounts of study, practice and devotion.
If great achievers share anything, said
Simonton, it is an relenting drive to succeed.
There is an tendency to think that they are
endowed with something super-normal, he
explained. But what comes out of the research
is that there are great people who have no
amazing intellectual processes. Its a difference
in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous
amounts of study, practice and devotion.
If great achievers share anything, said
Simonton, it is an relenting drive to succeed.
There is an tendency to think that they are
endowed with something super-normal, he
explained. But what comes out of the research
is that there are great people who have no
amazing intellectual processes. Its a difference
in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous
amounts of study, practice and devotion.
If great achievers share anything, said
Simonton, it is an relenting drive to succeed.
There is an tendency to think that they are
endowed with something super-normal, he
explained. But what comes out of the research
is that there are great people who have no
amazing intellectual processes. Its a difference
in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous
amounts of study, practice and devotion.
???????????????????
?????,?????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
74
Translation
????????????????????????????????
X. Translate the following into Chinese.
He cited Winston Churchill, Britains prime
minister during World War II, as an example of a
risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into
his office when his countrys moral was at its
lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the
British people. In a speech following the Allied
evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired to
nation when he said, We should not flag or fail.
We shall go on to the end We shall never
surrender.
He cited Winston Churchill, Britains prime
minister during World War II, as an example of a
risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into
his office when his countrys moral was at its
lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the
British people. In a speech following the Allied
evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired to
nation when he said, We should not flag or fail.
We shall go on to the end We shall never
surrender.
He cited Winston Churchill, Britains prime
minister during World War II, as an example of a
risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into
his office when his countrys moral was at its
lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the
British people. In a speech following the Allied
evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired to
nation when he said, We should not flag or fail.
We shall go on to the end We shall never
surrender.
He cited Winston Churchill, Britains prime
minister during World War II, as an example of a
risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into
his office when his countrys moral was at its
lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the
British people. In a speech following the Allied
evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired to
nation when he said, We should not flag or fail.
We shall go on to the end We shall never
surrender.
?????????????????????,????????????
??????,???????????????????
75
Translation
???? IV Ex. XI, p. 17
76
Translation
XIV. Translate the following sentences into
English.
1.?????????????????????????????????????????
define people
tend to
be considered
Americans tend to define people by the jobs they
have/do. Such characteristics as their family and
educational backgrounds are considered less
important.
77
Translation
2.????????????????????,?????????????
could no longer put up with
explain
submit resignation
His uncompromising personality explains why he
could no longer put up with his employer and
eventually submitted his resignation.
78
Translation
3. ?????????,??????????????,????????????
?????????????
put in
the same can be said of
go nowhere
If you really want to learn English well, you
must put in a lot of time and energy, or youll
go nowhere. The same can be said of other
subjects.
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Translation
4.?????????????????,?????????(Dustin
Hoffman)??????(short stature),
??????,?????????????????
build on their innate beauty
rise above
set him apart
Some actors fame is built on their innate
beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin
Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting
that sets him apart.
80
Translation
5. ???????,????????(predecessor)?????????????,???
?????,???????????????????
come up with
Take charge
raise morals
After he took charge, we discovered that there
were striking differences between him and his
predecessor. He had the drive and passion, came
up with many new ideas, and focused his work on
how to raise our morale.
81
Translation
6.?????????????????,???????????????,??????????????
??????????
make history
make lasting contribution to
with unrelenting efforts
Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared
Chinas reform and opening-up policy. Despite
tremendous obstacles, he made lasting
contributions to our countrys modernization with
his unrelenting efforts.
82
Translation
7. ???????????????????????? ?????
???????,???????????????????????
It has to be acknowledged that
leave behind
has much to do with
Why could someone with a genius IQ be left behind
by a hardworking person with an average IQ? It
has to be acknowledged that besides ones IQ,
many other factors have much to do with ones
achievements.
83
Translation
8. ????????,???????????????????????????,?????????
????????????
motivate
be obsessed with
draw ones attention
This teacher is really remarkable in motivating
her students before she can teach them something.
Its not that she is talented, its that she is
obsessed with drawing their attention in class.
84
Structured Writing
???? IV Ex. XIII, p. 19
85
Structured Writing
Structured Writing
XIII. Choose one of the following topics and
write a short passage in which you use at least
two different sources to answer the question.
E.g. interviewing your friends, family or
classmates quoting TV or movies, newspapers or
magazines, reference books, ect.
Use whichever sources seem most appropriate to
the question you choose. Be sure to use the
appropriate punctuation in making both direct and
indirect quotations.
86
Structured Writing
1.  What are the most important
social questions facing China right now?
2. What is the most effective way to learn
English?
87
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