Software: Systems and Application Software

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Software Systems and Application Software

• Chapter 4

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Chapter 4 Outline

• An Overview of Software
• Systems Software
• Application Software
• Programming Languages
• Software Issues and Trends

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An Overview of Software
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An Overview of Software

• Computer program - sequences of instructions for
  the computer
• Documentation - describes program functions
• Systems software - coordinates the activities of
  hardware programs
• Applications software - helps users solve
  particular problems

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The Importance of Software in Business
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Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational
Goals
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Systems Softwareoperating systems and utilities
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Operating System Functions

• 1. Perform common hardware functions
• 2. Provide a user interface
• 3. Provide hardware independence
• 4. Memory management
• 5. Task management
• 6. Control access to system resources
• 7. File Management

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The Role of the Operating System
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1. Perform Hardware Functions, 2. Provide A User
Interface

• Common Hardware Functions
• Accept keyboard input
• Store data on disks
• Send data to output devices
• User Interface Types
• Command-based interfaces
• Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

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3. Hardware Independence
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4. Memory Management
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5. Task Management

• Multitasking - more than one program can run at a
  time using a single processor
• Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously
  use the resources of a single processor
• Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or
  tasks

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6. Control Access to System Resources

• Protection against unauthorized access
• Logins and passwords

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Personal Computer Operating Systems
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Personal Computer Operating Systems
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Types of Operating Systems

• WORKGROUP OPERATING SYSTEMS
• Netware
• Windows NT Server 4.0
• Windows 2000 Server
• Unix
• Red Hat Linux
• Mac OS X Server
• ENTERPRISE OPERATING SYSTEMS
• IBMs OS/390
• HPs MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive with
  integrated POSIX)
• IBMs z/OS
• Linux

• CONSUMER APPLIANCE OPERATING SYSTEMS
• Windows CE.NET
• Mobil Linux
• Windows XP Embedded
• Handheld PC
• Pocket PC
• Palm OS

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Utility Programs
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Application Softwaretypes and functions
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Sources of Software
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Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf
Software
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personal application software
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Personal and Application Software
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Personal and Application Software
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TurboTax
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Quicken
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Word Processing
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Electronic Spreadsheets
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Database Management Systems
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Graphics Programs
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On-Line Information Systems
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Software Suites
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Major Components of Leading Software Suites
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Workgroup Application Software

• Groupware
• Collaborative computing software
• Lotus Notes
• Group Scheduling

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Enterprise Application Software
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Examples of Enterprise Application Software
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Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors
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Programming Languages
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Programming Languages

• Commands and statements combined according to a
  particular syntax
• Different languages have different characteristics

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Programming Languages
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First and Second Generation Languages

• First Generation Languages
• Machine language
• ASCII (American Standard Code for Information
  Interchange)
• Second Generation Languages
• Assembly languages
• Assemblers
• Symbolic language

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Third-Generation Languages
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Fourth-Generation Languages

• 4GLs
• Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not
  how to get them
• Examples SQL, SAS

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Fifth-Generation Languages

• 5GLs
• Uses a visual or graphical development interface
  to create source language
• Examples Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual C

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Object-Oriented Programming Languages

• Objects - data and actions that can be performed
  on the data
• Encapsulation - group items into an object
• Polymorphism - one procedure can work with
  multiple objects
• Inheritance - an object in a particular class
  gets attributes of that class

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Object-Oriented Programming Languages
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Software Issues and Trends
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Software Issues Trends

• Software bugs
• Open source software
• Software licensing
• Software upgrades
• Global software support
• Antitrust issues for software

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How to Deal with Software Bugs
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Summary

• Software - consists of programs that control the
  workings of the computer hardware
• Operating system - set of computer programs that
  controls the computer hardware
• Application - software that applies the power of
  the computer to solve problems and perform
  specific tasks
• Programming languages - provide instructions to a
  computer to perform some processing activity

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• When selecting an operating system, you must
  consider the current and future for application
  software to meet the needs of the organization.
  In addition, your choice of a particular
  operatiing system must be consistent with your
  choice of hardware.
• IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE TWO
  BASICS KINDS OF SOFTWARE
• OUTLINE THE ROLE OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM AND
  IDENTIFY THE FEATURES OF SEVERAL POPULAR
  OPERATING SYSTEMS

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• Do not develop proprietary application software
  unless doing so well meet a compelling business
  need that can provide a competitive advantage.
• DISCUSS HOW APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE CAN SUPPORT
  PERSONAL, WORKGROUP, AND ENTERPRISE BUSINESS
  OBJECTIVES.
• IDENTIFY 3 BASIC APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING
  APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE AND DISCUSS THE PROS AND
  CONS OF EACH.

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• The software industry continues to undergo
  constant change users need to be aware of recent
  trends and issues to be effective in their
  business and personal life.
• OUTLINE THE EVOLUTION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
  AND DIFFERENTIATE AMONG THE FIVE GENERATIONS OF
  PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES.
• IDENTIFY KEY ISSUES AND TRENDS THAT HAVE AN
  IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS.

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End of Chapter 4