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XRAY CIRCUITY

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SECONDARY CIRCUIT high voltage transformers, rectification & x-ray tube. IMPORTANT PARTS TO ID ... sent to step down transformer to modify amps that reach ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: XRAY CIRCUITY


1
X-RAY CIRCUITY
2
CIRCUITRY EQUIPMENTREVIEW
  • Rt 244 WEEK 10 - 2006

3
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4
3 SECTIONS
  • PRIMARY (CONTROL PANEL)
  • SECONDARY (HIGH VOLTAGE)
  • FILAMENT (LOW CURRENT)

5
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6
CIRCUITRY
  • PRIMARY CIRCUIT CONTROL PANEL
  • FILAMENT CIRCUIT varies current sent to the
    filament in order to provide the required mA
    value
  • SECONDARY CIRCUIT high voltage transformers,
    rectification x-ray tube

7
IMPORTANT PARTS TO ID
  • Incoming Line voltage
  • Circuit Breaker
  • Autotransformer
  • Kvp Taps
  • Volt Meter
  • Exposure switch
  • Timer
  • Step Up Transformer
  • mA meter
  • Variable resistor/rheostat
  • Step down transformer
  • Rectifier
  • Ma Meter
  • X-ray tube

8
Circuitry Source Carlton Adler (1996).
Principles of radiographic imaging An art and a
science. (96-99).
  • MAIN CIRCUIT
  • ? Modifies incoming current to produce x-rays
  • ? Boosts voltage to range necessary produce
    x-rays.?
  • ? Modifies incoming line power to produce
    thermionic emission from the filament wire.
  • FILAMENT CIRCUIT
  • Filament circuit adjusts to mA ratings (50, 100,
    200, etc.).?
  • After mA selection, current sent to step down
    transformer to modify amps that reach

9
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10
AUTOTRANSFORMER
  • RAISES OR LOWERS THE VOLTAGE
  • KVP TAPS LOCATED
  • 220 VOLTS INCOMING CONVERTED FROM 100 T0 300
    VOLTS
  • VOLTMETER - OFF OF AUTOTRANSFORMER

11
AUTOTRANSFORMER
12
TIMER SWITCH
  • Timer switch ends exposure (unless exposure
    button is let go prior to end of exposure because
    of dead man switch) .
  • Timer circuit controls number of photons
    produced.
  • TYPES
  • MECHANICAL NO LONGER USED
  • spring wounded, and not very accurate.
  • Synchronous timers synchronous motor w/60
    revolutions/second min. exposure time is 1/60
    sec, and timer in multipulse
  • (i.e., 1/30,1/20).
  • AEC - TIMERS monitors time and mA and
    terminates exposure when desired mAs is attained.
    Designed to provide the highest safe tube
    current for the shortest time.
  • mA METER located on secondary side of high
    voltage section.

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14
generator
15
generators
  • Fuction to change mechanical energy in to
    electrical energy
  • Electrical current flowing through a conductor in
    one direction is _______
  • A battery is a source of direct current

16
X-Ray Tube Circuit
17
Rectification AC to DC
  • Single phase 100 ripple
  • Three phase supeimposes 3 AC waveforms each
    separated from each other by 120 results in
    nearly constant potiential 13 or 4 ripple

18
HIGH FREQUENCY
  • 60 Hz TO 6,000 Hz 1 ripple contstant
  • Capacitor discharge Mobile Units
  • Depression of exposure button causes charges a
    capacitor instead of an xray tube - light ready
    on when capacitor is fully charged the exposure
    switch triggers the discharge power supplied by
    batteries (plug in portables)

19
TRANSFORMERS
  • INCREASE THE VOLTAGE TO THE TUBE
  • SEE OTHER PRESENTATION

20
TRANSFORMERS
  • STEP UP OR DOWN
  • OPEN CORE, CLOSED CORE OR SHELL TYPE
  • ABOUT 95 EFFICIENT
  • AUTOTRASFORMER _____ induction
  • Functions to provide ___________
  • Both types require AC for operation

21
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22
Filament Current
  • Current comes from Autotransformer
  • Filament Rheostat controls the Ma selection
  • Ammeter shows current to
  • Step down transformer
  • Focal Spot Selector Switch located here

23
FILAMENT CURRENT
24
MA METER
  • MA METER THAT IS LOCATED AFTER THE RECTIFER IS TO
    MEASURE THE MA GOING TO THE XRAY TUBE
  • AMMETER ON FILAMENT SIDE MEASURES THE CURRENT
    TO THE STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER

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26
  • Mains
  • Autotranformer
  • Kv selector
  • Line voltage compensator adjusts for
    flucutations in incoming voltage
  • Timers (terminiates the exposure regulates the
    length of exposure)
  • (spinning top test QC)
  • Backup timer (AED fails)
  • Exposure Switch remote controlled to start the
    exposure
  • Ma meter
  • Rectifer
  • Xray Tube

27
INDUCTION
  • MUTUAL INDUCTION
  • SELF INDUCTION

28
Electricity
  • Is more efficiently tansported over long
    distances at low currents ahd high volatage in
    order to avoid large power losses

29
AC
  • Amplitude and polarity of the current vary with
    time
  • AC sinusoidal wave
  • AC varies amplitude and periodic reversal of
    polarity

30
  • A coil of wire is a helix
  • Supplied with current it is a solenoid
  • Add an iron core simple form of
  • ELECTROMAGNET

31
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
  • 3 WAYS TO CREATE MOTION BETWEEN LINES OF FORCE
    AND A CONDUCTOR
  • Move the conductor through mag field
  • Move magnetic lines of force
  • Vary the magnetic flux

32
Faradays law
  • Regulate the strength of the induced current
  • Strength of the Magnet
  • Speed of the motion
  • Angle of the magnet
  • Number of turns on the conduction coil

33
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34
TYPES OF EQUIPMENT
  • FIXED
  • MOBILE
  • DEDICATED
  • MAMMO , CHEST, HEAD

35
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37
PRACTICESTUDYREVIEW
  • YOU CAN DO IT !!!!!
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