Building

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Building Implementing Quality Systems

• Dr. Richard Baines
• Principal Lecturer - Management Systems for Food
  Safety the Environment

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Outcomes ...

• By the end of this presentation you will
• Understand the nature of the European food system
  and how it compares to the US.
• Recognise the driving forces for Quality
  Assurance Systems and Standards
• Appreciate the issues to be addressed in
  developing Quality Systems in the US.

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Trends in the Global Food System

• Increased cross border trade - international
  grades and standards WTO CODEX, TBT SPS,
  Arbitration etc
• Food-chain captains dominating global trade
  Setting safety and quality standards above
  regulatory levels
• Increased vertical integration and discrete
  chains Fewer, bigger customers
• More food Agric products bought unseen
  Requiring
• QA systems (HACCP from processing) backed up by
• Inspection certification ISO62/65 or equivalent
• But consumers are concerned over safety while
  expecting more choice and more information.

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Global Consumer Expectations..

• 1) That Food is Safe !
• Regulatory hygienic controls inspection
• Industry safety management (assurance v
  liability)
• Food Hazard x Probability x Consequence
• 2) That the Quality is right (for the price)!
• Market technical specifications for product or
  intrinsic quality
• Market specifications for systems of production
  processing or extrinsic quality

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EU Consumer Expectations...
All Consumers
Food Safety - Trust Retailers, Not Govts
Industry
Product Quality - Believe Retailers give choice
Some Consumers
Process/Production Quality
Organic
Ethical and Fair Trade
G.M.Free
Animal Welfare

• Environment
• Protection,
• Biodiversity
• Wild Sourcing

People Welfare
Independent Endorsements
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Characterising Global Markets

• USA
• Strong Federal Govt backed up by States
• Food Safety - Strict and unlimited liability
• Regulatory inspections (USDA, FDA, EPA)
• Commodity markets - Track back problems
• Agri-food Corporation dominance (brand names)

• EU
• Weaker Comission, strong Member States
• Food safety - Due diligence, limited liability
  revisions
• Regulatory inspections and market driven QA
• Quality differentiation and traceability
• Multiple Retail dominance (Retail brand names)
• 50 own label

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Improving EU Access - Regulations

• Food Hygiene
• EU Inspections - OK but process orientated
• Equivalent to US inspections
• Origin, Traceability Provenance 1760/2000/EC
• Beef labelling linking animal ID to product
• Including where born, slaughtered and cutting by
  country
• G.M. Feeds and Food
• GM Maize Soya 49/2000/EC
• Additives Flavourings 50/2000/EC
• Demonstrating Identity Preservation Segregation
  is issue

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The Current EU Market

• Agri-Food Industry is largest in the world with a
  value 6,500 billion
• 70 of all food is bought from Multiple
  Retailers
• Top 50 Retailers have 45 of market value
• Top 10 have 20 of value
• UK based Tesco is the largest based on food sales
  ( 25,000 sq.ft.yr)
• Retailers are principal gatekeepers

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Global Retailers Net Food Sales
UK Agriculture Gross Output
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The Market Place - Driver of QA .
Food safety legislation and regulation due
diligence or strict liability - Operates at
chainConsumer interface
E.g. Retailer Own QA system
Supplier due diligence to satisfy
Retailer Retailer Quality Specifications
Length of Supply Chain
Consumer Concerns
Marketing Opportunities
Producer Assurance due diligence for
Retailer through GAP additional consumer/market
conditions
Quality Attributes
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QA Linkage in Supply Chains

• Regulatory
• Internal Audit

• HACCP
• Technical Specs

• HACCP Based QA
• Industry G S
• Credence

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Assume you know HACCP...
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points
Hire A Consultant, Confuse People
Half A Chicken, Chips and Pepsi
Have A Coffee, Consider Problem
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Producer Responses - Safety

• HACCP Based Codes of Practice
• Implement GAP, GHP, GMP etc
• Developed by sector to deliver what is important
  - ownership depends on stakeholders
• Benchmark for best practice ?
• Leads to minimum sector standards
• Food Safety not managed at business level
• Relies on HACCP further up chain
• Poor legal defence

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Industry Responses - Safety

• Full HACCP Systems
• Individual business responsibility for Safety and
  Legal compliance
• Compliant with Schemes higher up Chain
• If Quality included then more product reaches
  specifications
• Improved business efficiency and trading
  relationships
• Legal Defence if there is a Food Safety Breakdown

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Building Quality into HACCP
Safety - CCPs
Chemical
Physical
Biological
Quality - CQPs
Product
Processes
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Market Access - Core Safety Options

• Primary Production
• HACCP based Codes OK,
• Act as pre-requisite programmes
• But HACCP required further up supply chain
• Full HACCP Systems go further
• Integrate with HACCP further up chain
• Can provide traceability, product recall, legal
  defence
• Food Packing, Processing
• HACCP required
• Distribution
• Codes OK but HACCP leads to chain integration

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Market Access - Core Quality Options

• Primary Production
• Sector Grades Standards OK - minimum prices
• Market Technical Specifications - discrete supply
  chain Access and potential added value
• Processing
• Market Technical Specifications required
• Supposed to also source assured products?
• Distribution
• Codes OK as long as quality not compromised
• Retail Food Service

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Building Quality Systems
Avoid Regulations
Why Build a QA System?
Demonstrate Compliance
Promote Business, Products Services
Improve Business Efficiency
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Regulation vs Private Schemes

• Regulation
• Minimum legal compliance
• Infrequent or incomplete inspections
• Slow response to market or society concerns
• Blunt instrument

• Private Schemes
• Legal Compliance plus other factors
• Inspection proportionate to risks
• Rapid response to market or society and owned by
  Associations
• Refined instrument

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Certification Structures
Accreditation Body e.g. UKAS
Int Quality Control
Inspection/Certification to ISO62/65 e.g. S.G.S.,
Cmi, EFSIS
Appoint
Audit
Industry Sector/Association e.g. producers,
packers, retail, food service
QA Codes, Protocols Audit points
Develop
Fee
Member
Member
Member
Member
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Improving Safety Quality

• Compliant With
• CIES GFSI
• BRC Standard
• Brand Name Manufacturers
• Further QA
• Safety
• Market Quality Spec
• Further QA
• Safety
• Sector Q Standards
• Requires QA
• Safety Quality

• Full HACCP System
• Market Quality Spec
• SQF System
• APIQC

Safety by HACCP

• Generic HACCP
• Sector Quality
• Cattle Care, Flock Care
• Fresh Care, NZ VegFed

• HACCP Based Codes
• EUREP-GAP etc
• UK BFS (Red Tractor)
• Cert Comformite

• Vendor Self Assessment
• UFFV

Quality Management