Creation of Fuzuli University

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Creation of Fuzuli University

• Kirkuk is a city in north Iraq with a majority of
  Turkumani residents in a country that is mostly
  Arab, Kurds and a few other minorities.
• Turkumanis were brought over to Iraq from further
  east hundreds of years ago to fight for the
  rulers.
• Turkumani people of Iraq have never been able to
  teach their language at university level.
• The language has systematically been taken away
  since 1923 - first by the English conquerors,
  later by Arab rulers for political reasons.
• Turkumani people have been able to speak and
  understand their language but unable to read it
  or write it.

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• The American invasion of Iraq in 2003 changed
  things.
• For the first time ever, the four million
  Turkumanis could entertain the idea of creating a
  university that would teach their language.
• Turkumani cities are spread over North Iraq in a
  diagonal that runs North West to South east.
• Kirkuk is approximately in the center and is the
  oldest and biggest Turkumani city.
• It was understood that the location of this
  university would be in Kirkuk in an area south of
  the city where most inhabitants were Turkumani.
• Currently, there is a struggle over Kirkuk
  between Kurds and Turkumanis because of oil.
  Placing the University in a Turkumani locale is
  of utmost importance for its safety.

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City of Kirkuk
Oldest existing drawing of city of Kirkuk.
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Citadel of Kirkuk before demolition in 1997.
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The city today
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Ticky Tacky Architecture
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Ticky Tacky Architecture
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First Email

• From saygin saleem mailtosayginsaleem_at_yahoo.com
  Sent Friday, July 29, 2005 545 PMTo Jaddo,
  LahibSubject request
•  
• Dear Mrs jaddo
• I hope you are doing fine.We miss you here .May I
  ask your help about fuzuli university.If it is
  possible we need a preliminary design drafts for
  the colleges of our university.The colleges are
  1-Industrial engineering.2-computer
  engineering.3-libral are(threedepartments english
  ,turkish and arabic languages).4-Busness
  adminstration.5-school of pharmecy.
• We are planning to receive 2000 students as a
  whole in the university.The total land area
  available is somthing around 125,000 meter
  square.
• noteaml abla now is in turkey along with mustafa
  abbe.
•                                                   
                          Thank you with my best
  wishes
•                                                   
                                       yours
•                                                   
                            Dr Saygin A. Mohammed 

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Second Email

• From saygin saleem mailtosayginsaleem_at_yahoo.com
  Sent Tuesday, February 21, 2006 929 PMTo
  Jaddo, LahibSubject reply
•  
• Dear Mrs Jaddo
• Thank you for your care and concern about the
  Fuzuli university. I am very very sorry in being
  late in replying to you, everything here is going
  in wrong direction, anyway I would like to inform
  you about this university.First of all we are
  facing difficulties in purchasing the land and
  that is because of two main problems .The first
  is we are having difficulties in raising enough
  money (as you now it is coming through
  donnation).The second is the legal arrangements
  are consuming too much time to be
  accomplished.When we asked you for the designs at
  that time there were a piece of land donnated to
  us ,but after a while we discovered that the land
  has legal problems which is nearly impossible to
  register by the Fuzuly university .Since then we
  looking for an alternative piece of land ,only
  recently we found the land that will do for us
  ,but still there are legal steps to be finished
  before accomplishing the registration of the
  land.By the way we have not named a president for
  the university yet but we have founded society
  (the turkmen society for culture and science)
  that will arrange the proper steps of the
  university foundation and is responsible for
  every details of this project .The chairman of
  this society is Dr salim doughramaji .I hope I
  was able to answer your questions ,please keep in
  touch with us and be kind to accept my best
  regards .
•                                                   
                            yours
•                                                   
                  dr saygin saleem

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Challenges faced

• Finding information about the site and climate,
  client organization, budget limitations.
• Problems with the location and fundraising.
• Geographic separation.
• Language barrier.
• Third world country at war!

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Inspiration

• Regional precedents

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Important main entrance
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OUR DESIGN FOR MAIN ENTRANCE
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Interior courtyards
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Two-story arcade
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Vaulting
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Construction Method
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Roof access
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Natural ventilation and cooling system
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Inspiration

• Integration of traditional concepts into an
  innovative and responsive structure using modern
  construction and aesthetic applications.

• Courtyards
• Geometry
• Sustainability
• Construction
• Modularity
• Cultural Integration

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Courtyard connection to traditional Islamic
architecture while facilitating natural
ventilation

• OLD
• Symmetrical interior landscaped space surrounded
  by an arcade with a water feature in the center.
• Divided into parts by a grid system.
• Indigenous flowers and plants with some trees.
• Private to tenants.

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Courtyard connection to traditional Islamic
architecture while facilitating natural
ventilation

• NEW
• Larger scale using two story arcade to facilitate
  program requirements and secure circulation.
• Dividing grid punctuated by arcade and extended
  through building to define construction grid.
• Arcade screens provides additional shading to
  classrooms and hallways and connection to
  traditional Islamic architecture.
• Ventilation ducts near fountain to help cool and
  humidify the incoming air.
• Symbolic geometries incorporated into
  landscaping.
• Using indigenous plants to minimize care.
• Provides for easy expansion in the future.
• Provides security by placing gates at each
  entrance and guards patrolling the perimeter on
  roof.

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OUR COURTYARD DESIGN
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Geometry connection to traditional Islamic
architecture and symbolism while facilitating
cohesive proportions and a simple
construction system.

• OLD
• Symmetry represented stability, wholeness, and
  paradise.
• Symbols of Islamic architecture were geometric in
  nature, usually a star derived from a circle or
  square.
• Tessellated within repeating geometric grid based
  on star pattern.
• Found as decorative tile work on walls, floors
  and courtyards, or marble relief or screens.
• Use of bright colors.

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Geometry connection to traditional Islamic
architecture and symbolism while facilitating
cohesive proportions and simple construction
system.

• NEW
• Symmetrical courtyard, floor plans, and
  elevations.
• Chosen star pattern 8 pointed star (double
  square, rotated 45 deg.)
• Four meter square is the basis of the new
  construction grid utilized in the floor plan,
  section, and elevation design.
• Golden Section 4 meters and its multiples (8m,
  2m, 1m, .5m)
• Used in arcade, screen, elevations, sections,
  arbor, barrel vaulting, etc.
• Opportunity for colorful tile work in courtyard
  and arcades.
• Pre-fabricated screens abstracted away from the
  buildings structure and into multiple layers to
  maximize sun shading.

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Screen geometry
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Separated into layers
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Layer 1
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Layer 2
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Option 1
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Option 2
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Sustainability connection to traditional Islamic
construction and natural ventilation
while providing the opportunity for new,
innovative systems.

• OLD
• Centralized courtyards filled with indigenous
  vegetation and water features used to shade,
  humidify, and cool the ambient air nearest to the
  living spaces.
• Basement spaces used lower ground temperatures
  and minimized sun exposure to cool the air and
  walls.
• Breathe holes and wind catchers, located on the
  roof, helped to circulate air through building.
• Limited openings in thick load-bearing walls
  allowed for thermal massing and night flushing.
• Marble screens

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Sustainability connection to traditional Islamic
construction and natural ventilation
while providing the opportunity for new,
innovative systems.

• NEW
• Centralized courtyards filled with indigenous
  vegetation and water features used to shade,
  humidify, and cool the ambient air nearest to the
  classrooms.
• Ventilation ducts buried beneath the foundation
  and courtyard help to further cool the already
  cooled, temperate air as it is brought into the
  classroom and dispersed at floor level..
• Hot air is gathered on the other side of the room
  through ducts at the ceiling that are connected
  to ventilation towers hidden in the columns.
  Wind pressure outside helps create a draw in the
  tower and pulls the hot air outside while cooler
  courtyard air takes its place.
• Thick structural wall plains that separate the
  classroom and protrude through the roof help
  provide thermal massing and help shade the roof.
• Pre-fabricated screens help to protect the
  windows and arcades from excessive sun exposure.
• Operable windows and night flushing help to
  provide additional cooling.

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Rasem Badran sketch.
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OLD VENTILATION PLAN
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OLD VENTILATION SECTION
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CURRENT VENTILATION SECTION
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Construction using familiar, economic, modern
construction techniques that utilize the
versatility of the structural grid and
demands of the sustainability designs.

• OLD
• Thick load-bearing walls made of rock, mud,
  mortar, and stucco.
• Arches and vaulting used to span distances
• Framed on the ground with reeds and then lifted
  into place.
• Organic expansion- new spaces growing off of
  older ones.
• Ornate craftsmanship in detail work along arcades
  and around doors and fountains.

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Construction using familiar, economic, modern
construction techniques that utilize the
versatility of the structural grid and
demands of the sustainability designs.

• NEW
• Economic, simple, familiar construction system
• Site-cast concrete columns and beams filled with
  CMU create the extended wall plains that help
  provide structural rigidity.
• Floor and roof slab- reinforced concrete beam
  slab
• Divided according to phase of construction.
• Modular units of construction (columns, beams,
  CMU, floor slabs, phases) allows for the least
  amount of framework necessary minimizing
  construction costs.
• Allows easily for modular phase construction.
• Abstracted detailing in the form of
  pre-fabricated screens, arbors, and planar gates.
• The building itself is completely rectilinear-
  straight walls, towers, slabs, windows and doors
  as delineated by site-cast concrete material.
• The only non-linear shape is the arch which is
  abstracted away from the building into
  pre-fabricated screen layers.
• Material and form applied to windows, arcade, and
  arbor structure.

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Modularity allowing for construction in phases
due to lack of funding.

• 6 phases
• Each phase is a separate building with individual
  slabs connected to each other by metal arbor
  bridging and gated screen entrance.
• Main entrance is an abstraction of the old
  Citadel gate into layers pulled out and away from
  the physical building.
• Phases
• Turkmani Center, main gate and arbor.
• Library and Administration Building.
• Cafeteria quadrant and secondary gate.
• Classroom quadrant and secondary gate.
• Next two classroom quadrants and gate.

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Turkmani Center provide a place for educational,
community, and cultural integration.

• Conference room at the Turkmani Center provides
  gathering space with stage, projection room, and
  lobby area.
• Special double height space using barrel vaulting
  and site-cast structural concrete walls that help
  to structurally and visually transfer the arch to
  the floor while continuing the repetition of
  extended plains.
• Natural ventilation facilitated by several
  ventilation ducts, operable window walls shaded
  with louvers and screens.

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Spring Break trip
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PICTURE OF SITE
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PICTURE OF SITE
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SOUTHEAST VIEW
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SOUTHWEST VIEW
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NORTHEAST VIEW
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NORTHWEST VIEW
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SERVICE ENTRANCE VIEW
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Inspiration

• Integration of traditional concepts into an
  innovative and responsive structure using modern
  construction and aesthetic applications.

• Courtyards
• Geometry
• Sustainability
• Construction
• Modularity
• Cultural Integration

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http//www.turkmeneli.televizyonu.com/
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Fuzuli University
Kristen Brown, Heather Luedecke, Nick Unich
Prof. Lahib Jaddo ARCH 5605 Community Design
Studio Spring 2006