Prevalence and risk relationships of tattoo, acupuncture and skinbody piercing histories among Ameri

1
Prevalence and risk relationships of tattoo,
acupuncture and skin/body piercing histories
among American Red Cross blood donors

• Sharyn Orton, MSPH, PhD
• FDA, Regulatory Project Manager, Division of
  Blood Applications
• and
• Roger Dodd, PhD
• ARCNET Epidemiology Group
• American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville,
  MD

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ARC Donor History Question

• In the past 12 months, have you had a tattoo,
• ear/body piercing, acupuncture, accidental
• needlestick, or come into contact with someone
• elses blood?
• Since 12/00, includes or taken (snorted)
  cocaine or
• any other street drug through your nose.

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Objectives

• Prevalence
• Donor demographics
• Describe returning donors

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MACS Database
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Database

• Donations, donor demographics, infectious disease
  markers and deferrals
• For this analysis from 1/1/1998 through 9/30/2001
• Includes data from all 35 ARC Blood Regions

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Prevalence of TAP Deferral
27.1 million
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Demographics of TAP deferred donors
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Returning TAP Deferred Donors

• 24024 donors returned (volunteer or directed)
• Of 102560
• Gave 55599 total donations
• Time between deferral and subsequent return
• Mean 438 days
• Median 365 days

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Infectious Disease Markers

• At time of return donation
• 2 anti-HIV
• 0 anti-HCV
• 0 HBsAg
• 0 anti-HTLV
• 0 syphilis
• 123 anti-core

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HIV infected donors

• Donor 1
• Female, age 27
• Volunteer whole blood
• First-time donor, no other positive marker
• HIV at return donation 364 days after TAP
  deferral

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continued

• Donor 2
• Female, age 20
• Volunteer whole blood donor
• Repeat donor (x 4)
• No other positive markers
• HIV at return donation 350 days after TAP
  deferral
• Deferral for low Hgb 5 months previously
• Last successful donation 19 months previously

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Comments

• Unable to assess impact of snorting drugs
  addition to the question because of short
  follow-up time since implementation
• No indication of incident or prevalent HBV or HCV
  infection
• Two donors HIV at follow-up donation
  relationship to TAP risk is unknown

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HCV NAT Interview Study
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Methods

• Anti-HCV negative, initially HCV RNA positive
• 3/1/99 12/31/2001
• 653 invited to participate
• 230 enrolled
• 39 true HCV NAT positive
• 191 false positive controls
• Additional samples and an extensive survey
  questionnaire

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Questions

• In the 6 months prior to donation have you
• Been tattooed
• Had any part of your body pierced

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Results

• No donor reported any body piercing or
  acupuncture
• 4 donors reported tattooing
• 3 cases 1 control
• 2 cases reporting tattooing also reported IDU

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Comments

• Preliminary data
• Small numbers
• No overwhelming evidence of HCV transmission by
  tattoo