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World War II

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Title: World War II


1
World War II
2
  • 2174 days from 1 September to surrender of Japan
    in August 1945.
  • Roughly 50 million dead --- think about the void
    these deaths created.
  • How many of those in WW2 did you know?

3
Operation Himmler
  • Faked Polish attack on the Gleiwitz radio station
    (transmitter) that gave Hitler his reason to
    invade Poland.

4
Blitzkrieg --- Lightning War
  • 1. Air attacks destroy enemys AF while still on
    the ground.
  • 2. Bombers hit major areas --- road and rail,
    storage, assembly areas, civilian targets
  • 3. Dive bombers hit soldiers and civilians
  • 4. Motorized infantry, tanks and motorized
    artillery push ahead. Heavy tanks avoid towns
    and fortified areas.

5
3 September 1939
  • FDR Let no man or woman thoughtlessly or
    falsely talk of America sending its armies to
    European fields. At this moment there is being
    prepared a proclamation of American neutrality.

6
Western Air Plan 14
  • Dropping of anti-Nazi propaganda leaflets over
    Germany.
  • 3 Sept dropping of 13 tons of leaflets over the
    Ruhr.
  • Your rulers have condemned you to the massacres,
    miseries and privations of a war they cannot ever
    hope to win.

7
Hitlers Plan
  • 7 months prior to the war Hitler said The
    result will not be the Bolshevization of the
    Earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the
    annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe.

8
Hitlers intentions in Poland
  • It is the Fuhrers and Goerings intention to
    destroy and exterminate the Polish nation. More
    than that cannot even be hinted at in writing.

9
First British Naval Disaster
  • U-29 torpedoed a British carrier off the SW coast
    of Ireland. They lost 518 sailors.

10
No. 4 Tiergartenstrasse
  • A suburban house in Berlin to be the operational
    center of the euthanasia program.
  • Was to be calledT4.
  • There was a census form sent to all hospitals
    and doctors looking for (1) senile (2)
    criminally insane (3) people of non-German blood.

11
27 September - Warsaw Surrenders
  • 140,000 Polish POWs
  • Probably more than 10,000 Polish teachers,
    doctors, priests, landowners, businessman and
    local officials were rounded up and killed.

12
The start of Double Cross/XX
  • German Intelligence believed that Arthur Owens
    was one of their agents.
  • In actuality he was a British agent.
  • Owens persuaded the Germans that he had setup a
    network of spies.

13
German-Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty.
  • They agree to line of partition in Poland.
  • Stalin promises to give Hitler 300,000 tons of
    oil per year.

14
Ships that are fair game
  • (1) troop ships and merchant ships
  • (2) ships sailing without lights in British
    coastal waters
  • (3) merchant ships using their communications
    after having been stopped

15
The End of Poland
  • 694,000 Polish soldiers captured by the Germans
  • 217,000 Polish soldiers captured by the Russians
  • 60,000 Polish soldiers and up to 25,000 civilians
    had been killed
  • Germans lost 14,000 men

16
9 October 1939
  • Some diplomats tried to arrange a last minute
    peace between Germany, England and France.
  • While this was happening, Hitler issues orders
    setting up Operation Yellow -- the invasion of
    the Low Countries and France.

17
11 October 1939
  • A meeting was held between FDR and Alexander
    Sachs - a friend of Albert Einstein.
  • The topic of Atomic Energy.
  • FDR This requires action.

18
14 October 1939
  • U-47 sinks the British battleship Royal Oak while
    at anchor with 3 torpedoes --- killing 833
    sailors.

19
17 October 1939
  • SS field Divisions became independent from the
    regular German Army.
  • They could now only be tried by their own
    superiors.

20
21 October 1939
  • In a secret speech to Nazi Party officials Hitler
    said he would turn his attention to the East once
    England and France were in line.
  • Once he conquered the East he would set about
    restoring Germany to how she used to be.

21
28 October 1939
  • Himmler issues Procreation Order to the SS.
  • the sublime task of German women and girls of
    good blood, acting not frivolously but from a
    profound moral seriousness, to become mothers to
    children of soldiers setting off to battle.

22
Lebensborn
  • Human stud farms set up by Himmler where young
    girls selected for Nordic traits could
    procreate with SS men.

23
3 November 1939
  • Part of the Neutrality Act was repealed, US now
    was allowed to sell arms to Britain and France.
  • Anglo-French Purchasing Board was set up in
    Washington.

24
8 November 1939
  • 16th anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch in
    Munich.
  • Hitler left celebration early.
  • 8 minutes after he left a bomb exploded behind
    where he had been positioned.
  • Hitler The fact that I left the beer hall
    earlier than usual is corroboration of
    Providences intention to let me reach my goal.

25
16November 1939
  • Books from Lublins Jewish Religious Academy were
    taken to the market and burned.
  • German eye-witness It was a matter of special
    pride to destroy the Talmudic Academy which was
    known as the greatest in Poland.

26
How to defeat England
  • The U-boat and the magnetic mine
  • Cripple the economy and the people will give up.
  • Only one front was key in Hitlers eyes.

27
30 November 1939
  • Soviets invade Finland
  • 26 Soviet Divisions (465,000 men) against 9
    Finnish Divisions (130,000 men).
  • 1,000 Soviet aircraft against 150 Finnish.
  • The bombing of Helsinki inspired the Finnish
    resistance.
  • The outside world cheered for Finland.

28
French aid to Finland
  • 400,000 rifles
  • 145 planes
  • 5,000 machine guns
  • 20,000,000 rounds of ammunition
  • 496 heavy guns
  • 200,000 hand grenades

29
Confetti War
  • The total number of propaganda leaflets printed
    had risen to 118,500,000!!!
  • They drop bombs and we drop leaflets

30
The Magnetic Mine Story
  • When the Germans dropped these in British coastal
    waters one was stuck in a mud flat.
  • British found a way to neutralize its impact
  • Ships were demagnetized by using a coil wrapped
    around the ship
  • All normal mine damage was attributed to the
    magnetic mine to make the Germans happy.

31
Enigma
  • German code machine thought to be unbreakable.
  • During January 1940 the British began to read
    these codes with some success.
  • Polish mathematicians and Intelligence services
    played a large role in this situation.

32
Major General Friedrich Mieth
  • Chief of staff of the German First Army
  • The SS has carried out mass executions without
    proper trials. Executions that besmirched the
    German Army.
  • Due to his remarks Hitler had him dismissed from
    the Army.

33
Churchills comments about mass executions in
Poland
  • we may judge what our fate would be if we fell
    into their clutches. But from them also we may
    draw the force and inspiration to carry us
    forward on our journey and not to pause or rest
    till liberation is achieved and justice is done.

34
30 January 1940
  • Reinhard Heydrich established IV-D-4
  • It was their job to arrange and organize the
    deportation system used to transport the Jewish
    populations in Europe.

35
Soviets in Finland
  • They paid a huge price!!!
  • Goal establish protection for Leningrad
  • Action in Scandinavia brings attention to Norway
    and Sweden
  • Allied troops and Finland

36
Did Stalin foresee a German attack?
  • Nov 1939 Stalin approved a decision of the Red
    Armys Chief Military Council to reduce by 1/3
    the strength of the permanent border fortified
    areas.
  • In Return ---

37
February 1940
  • Russia would get manufactured goods, arms and the
    blueprints to the most recent developments in
    naval armaments, as well as prototypes of the
    most recent planes, anti-aircraft artillery,
    bombs and tanks IN RETURN FOR oil and
    agricultural products.

38
  • Hitler wants to keep Russia passive while he
    attacks the West!!!

39
Todt Organization
  • Lead by Dr. Fritz Todt
  • Becomes the largest single employer of labor in
    Germany.
  • Military purposes were better served than through
    mass executions.
  • Todt was to ensure that the arms industry made
    the most economical use possible of raw materials
    metals that were in short supply.

40
Scandinavia
  • Germans wanted it for (1) iron ore, (2) bases to
    use against England.
  • Hitler about Scandinavia the character of a
    peaceful occupation, designated to protect by
    force of arms the neutrality of the Northern
    countries, but any Norwegian or Danish
    resistance would be broken by all means
    available.

41
Britains Lack of Effort
  • Of 352 AA guns intended for the British
    Expeditionary Force in France, only 152 had
    arrived.
  • Of 1,860 AA guns considered the MINIMUM needed
    for the air defense of Britain, no more than 108
    were in place.

42
Russo-Finnish Treaty
  • 27,000 Finnish dead
  • 58,000 Russian dead
  • Loss of territory for Finland

43
Germany and Oil
  • French believed that key to hurting Germany was
    to bomb the oil fields in the Caucasus - where
    Russian shipments of oil originated.

44
Chamberlains Course of Action
  • Allies need to maintain courage and determination
    to impress neutral nations.
  • Active measures
  • float naval mines down the Rhine River
  • prevent Germany from getting iron ore from Sweden
  • attack Soviet oilfields at Baku

45
Allied Shipping
  • By 31 March 753,803 tons of Allied shipping had
    been sunk around Great Britain by German
    submarines.
  • 281,154 tons were sunk by mines
  • 36,189 tons by Luftwaffe

46
Commerce raider Atlantis
  • Set sail on a voyage where it would sink 22
    merchant ships.
  • It carried numerous national flags and concealed
    guns.

47
Norway
  • 8 April 1940 Britain violated international law
    by laying mines in Norwegian waters to disrupt
    neutral Norways iron ore trade with Germany.
  • In response, the Germans invaded Norway.
  • Britain and France sent troops to help the
    Norwegians but they eventually lost.

48
Quisling
  • Leader of Norwegian collaboration who became
    Fuhrer of Norway.
  • Was to reconstruct Norway into a Fascist,
    pro-Nazi country. (puppet-government)
  • Sent thousands to concentration camps and killed
    hostages in retaliation for resistance.
  • People of Norway joined in opposition to Quisling.

49
Norway
  • The Germans took Norways food reserves and sent
    them to Germany.
  • Sweden and Denmark began to send in food supplies
    to help feed starving Norwegians.
  • British commandos made frequent raids into Norway
    with the help of Resistance groups.
  • Quisling was eventually arrested, tried and shot.

50
Norland
  • A new SS regiment created by Hitler on his 51st
    birthday.
  • Allowed Norwegians and Danes to serve along the
    Germans.

51
1 May 1940
  • Creation of the ghetto in Lodz.
  • Of the 31,721 apartments in Lodz, only 725 had
    running water at the outset.

52
Story of Stutthof
  • (15)

53
30 April 1940
  • Hitler orders the German Army to be ready to
    launch Operation Yellow within 24 hours starting
    5 May.
  • British withdrew a division from France fearing
    an invasion of England.
  • Code word Danzig was issued to have the attack
    on Holland, Belgium and France begin on 10 May
    1940.

54
10 May 1940
  • 136 German divisions launch an attack into
    Belgium, Holland and France.
  • 2,500 German planes attack these areas.
  • 16,000 German airborne troops spearhead an attack
    into Low Countries. New component of Blitzkrieg.
  • - Downfall of Chamberlain!!!

55
Iceland
  • On his first day as Prime Minister, Churchill
    declares the Danish dependency on Iceland as
    vital and that it cannot fall into German hands.
  • United States now increases range of naval
    authority to Iceland.

56
Churchill
  • I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears
    and sweat.
  • Also You ask, what is our policy? I will say.
    It is to wage war, by sea, land and air, with
    all our might and with all the strength that God
    can give us to wage war against a monstrous
    tyranny, never surpassed in the dark lamentable
    catalogue of human crime. That is our policy.

57
Britains aim
  • It is victory,victory at all costs,victory in
    spite of all terror, victory however long and
    hard the road may be for without victory there
    is no survival.

58
Operation XD
  • The demolition of Dutch and Belgian port
    installations at the mouth of the River Scheldt
    if the Germans came that far.
  • Also, 2 British officers drain 150,000 tons of
    fuel into the Scheldt.

59
Sedan
  • British bombers failed to cut off the German
    advance through Sedan and the French failed to
    hold the line.
  • With loss of Sedan, the road to Paris was open.
  • Within a month the encirclement of the BEF was
    achieved.

60
British soldier
  • We shall win in the end, but theres horror and
    tribulation ahead of all of us. We cant avoid
    it.
  • Churchill flies to Paris on 16 May ----- Risky?
    Too Risky?

61
Dutch Model
  • Capture vital points using airborne.
  • 17 May German troops enter Brussels. This is
    the 5th capital occupied by the Germans in the
    past 9 months.
  • Dutch and Belgian Jews are being taken to
    England.
  • When does England cut their losses and withdraw
    to England.

62
Churchill
  • Behind England and France there gathered a group
    of shattered States and bludgeoned races the
    Czechs, the Poles, the Norwegians, the Danes, the
    Dutch, the Belgians - upon all of whom the long
    night of barbarism will descend, unbroken even by
    a star of hope, unless we conquer, as conquer we
    must as conquer we shall.

63
Bletchley Park
  • Place where codes were being broken and read ---
    just north of London.
  • Operational Intelligence was being taken at the
    rate of 1,000 pages a day.
  • Britain had to recreate maps the Germans were
    using in order to identify locations. Maps were
    made using information taken from German messages.

64
Dunkirk
  • Forces in Flanders were treated as secondary as
    opposed to French troops fleeing towards Paris.
  • German estimates of men trapped in the pocket
    were 100,000 --- 1/4 the real number.
  • Germans halted at 600 p.m. on 23 May.
  • Goerings selfish desire.. Luftwaffe!!!

65
Operation Dynamo
  • Evacuation of Dunkirk
  • British had low estimates of what they could
    accomplish.
  • Those operating in rear guard action made the
    escape possible.

66
FDR
  • Tonight over the peaceful roads of Belgium and
    France, millions are now moving, running from
    their homes to escape bombs and shells and
    machine gunning, without shelter, and almost
    wholly without food. They stumble on, knowing
    not where the end of the road will be.

67
28 May
  • Cease fire came into effect in Belgium --- they
    had resisted for 18 days.
  • The mopping up continued after this date.

68
The Plan in the West
  • Children that were racially valuable would be
    carried off to Germany and Germanized the rest
    would be made to vegetate, each person given a
    primary school education where they would learn
    how to count up to a maximum of 500, how to
    write his name, that it is Gods command that he
    should be obedient to Germans, honorable,
    industrious and brave.

69
Evacuations from Dunkirk
  • 28 May 25,000
  • 29 May 47,310
  • 31 May 68,104
  • 1 June 64,229

70
Anglo-French Purchasing Board
  • US declared mass quantities of goods as surplus
    so they could be sold with no violation of
    Neutrality Act.
  • British purchased 500 mortars, 500 field guns,
    thousands of AA guns, 10,000 machine guns, 25,000
    automatic rifles, 100 million rounds of
    ammunition.
  • http//members.aol.com/forcountry/ww2/lus.htm

71
Sundowner
  • A yacht used in Dunkirk evacuation that was
    piloted by C.H. Lightoller --- the senior
    surviving officer of the Titanic.
  • His son had been killed in air action the
    previous September.
  • He and his older son brought back 130 men.

72
Dunkirk fear in England
  • Some British feared Dunkirk would be launching
    point for invasion of England.
  • Enigma intercepts put these fears to rest.

73
2 June
  • Last 3,000 men were evacuated from Dunkirk.
  • 222 naval vessels and 665 civilian craft were
    used.
  • British won the air war over the Dunkirk area ---
    in some cases 31.
  • 34,000 British soldiers had been taken POW in and
    around the Dunkirk area.

74
Hitler to von Rundstedt
  • Now that Britain will presumably be willing to
    make peace I will begin the final settlement of
    scores with Bolshevism.

75
Air losses for England
  • Between 19 May and 1 June, 453 aircraft of all
    types had been produced.
  • In same time 436 had been lost.
  • Actual aircraft on 2 June was 504.
  • Head of Fighter Command said if Germans would
    attack he could only promise air superiority for
    48 hours.

76
Left behind at Dunkirk
  • 475 tanks, 38,000 vehicles, 12,000 motorcycles,
    8,000 field telephones, 400 anti-tank guns, 1,000
    heavy guns, 8,000 Bren guns, 90,000 rifles and
    7,000 tons of ammunition.
  • These losses would take 3 - 6 months to make up.

77
Still In France
  • 224,318 British troops had been pulled out at
    Dunkirk.
  • 136,000 still remained in Western France.
  • 200,000 Polish were also in France.

78
Bye Bye Norway
  • 6 June King Haakon of Norway and his government
    left for London.
  • Norwegian soldier All our hopes had collapsed
    and the people felt that they had been deserted
    by the leaders and their allies.

79
Those darn Italians
  • 10 June Mussolini declares war on France and
    Britain.
  • Hitler First they were too cowardly to take
    part. Now they are in a hurry so that they can
    share in the spoils.
  • In London, all Italians who had lived in England
    for less than 20 years were interned --- 4,100
    total.

80
Paris
  • Churchill urged French to turn Paris into a
    fortress. French believed destruction of Paris
    would do more harm than good.
  • 14 June Germans reach Place de la Concorde.
    Huge swastika was hung below Arc de Triumph.
    German soldiers marched down Champs Elysees in
    deliberate imitation of French victory parade in
    1918.

81
Paris
  • 2 million citizens had fled Paris.
  • Those remaining in Paris woke up hearing German
    loud speakers announce an 800 pm curfew.

82
Operation Ariel
  • Evacuation of troops from France.
  • Cherbourg --- 30,630
  • St. Malo --- 21,474 Canadians
  • Brest --- 32,584
  • St. Nazaire and Nantes --- 57, 235
  • La Pallice --- 2,303

83
Passenger liner Lancastria
  • Was loaded with 5,000 soldiers and civilians when
    it was hit by German bombs.
  • Nearly 3,000 drowned.
  • Churchill forbids publication of the story.
  • 6 weeks later the British Government had to
    release the story after the story broke in the
    United States.

84
DeGaulle
  • Today we are crushed by the sheer weight of the
    mechanized forces hurled against us, but we can
    still look to future in which even greater
    mechanized forces will bring us to victory.
    Therein lies the destiny of the world.

85
Hitler goes to Paris
  • It was the dream of my life to be permitted to
    see Paris. I cannot say how happy I am to have
    that dream fulfilled today
  • Wasnt Paris beautiful? But Berlin must be made
    more beautiful.
  • He saw this accomplishment as the greatest step
    in the preservation of German history.
  • The new Berlin was to be ready in 1950.

86
25 June
  • Franco-German Armistice formally came into
    effect.
  • Death tolls
  • 92,000 French
  • 7,500 Belgian
  • 2,900 Dutch
  • 3,500 British
  • 45,000 German

87
Britain
  • There was a relief in Britain that they were now
    alone in the fight.
  • 27 June King George wrote Personally I feel
    happier now that we have no allies to be polite
    to and to pamper.

88
30 June
  • Hitler issued orders to take in custody all
    objects of art, whether state owned, or in
    private Jewish hands.
  • The art museums were to be sacked.

89
Special Operations Executive (SOE)
  • An organization to control all sabotage,
    subversive activities and black propaganda in
    enemy controlled and neutral nations.
  • Churchills advice to its first political leader
    --- Set Europe ablaze.

90
Operation Catapult
  • Plan to seize, or neutralize, all French warships
    wherever that might be to prevent their capture
    by the Germans.

91
Oran
  • French were given options
  • Sail to British harbors to fight with Britain
  • Sail to Britain and hand over to Britain
  • Demilitarize them
  • Scuttle them in such a way that the Germans could
    not use them
  • Sail to French West Indies where they would be
    disarmed or turned over to the US until wars end

92
Oran Continued
  • The French refused
  • The British open fire
  • More than 1,250 French sailors were killed
  • This action convinces FDR that Britain had the
    will to fight --- even if alone.

93
  • We will turn your pots and pans into Spitfires
    and Hurricanes, Blenheims and Wellingtons.
  • Britain was trying to mass produce 1,000 aircraft.

94
Churchill
  • There were vast numbers not only in Britain but
    in every land who will render faithful service
    in this war, but those names will never be known,
    those deeds will never be recorded. This is a
    War of the Unknown Warrior, but let all strive,
    without failing in faith or in duty, and the dark
    curse of Hitler will be lifted from our Age.

95
Hitlers Directive No. 16
  • Called for the planning of Operation Sea Lion.

96
19 July
  • FDR signed the Two-Ocean Expansion Act
  • 358 warships were already in service and 130 were
    being built.
  • The Act provided for a further 7 battleships, 18
    aircraft carriers, 27 cruisers, 42 submarines and
    115 destroyers.

97
Nice Friends
  • Of roughly 33,000 aircraft being built in the
    United States, 19,092 would be kept for the Army
    Air Force and 14,375 would be shipped to Britain.
  • This would cover the need up to the end of 1941.

98
29 July
  • Jodl told the Chief of the Planning Section at
    the German Army Staff of the plan to attack
    Russia.
  • They protested the 2 front war.
  • Jodl Gentlemen, it is not a question for
    discussion but a decision of the Fuhrer.

99
13 August 1940
  • The Day of the Eagle
  • Large air attacks without any ground based
    action.
  • Heaviest British losses were on the ground with
    100 planes destroyed in the first 10 days of the
    German attacks.

100
The Day of the Eagle
  • Day 1 45 German planes lost to 13 British
    fighters with only 7 British pilots killed.
  • Day 2 75 German losses to 34 British
  • Day 3 70 German losses to 27 British
  • The trend would continue
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