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SKIN LESIONS

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Review skin microbiota from Chapter 14. TYPES OF LESION SEEN ON THE SKIN. VESICLES. BULLAE ... Lowered immune defense or stress triggers shingles, mostly in elderly ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: SKIN LESIONS


1
SKIN/ LESIONS
  • SKIN FEATURES OF PROTECTION
  • Perspiration
  • Sebum (oil)
  • Review skin microbiota from Chapter 14
  • TYPES OF LESION SEEN ON THE SKIN
  • VESICLES
  • BULLAE
  • PAPULES
  • EXANTHEM

2
BACTERIAL SKIN DISEASES
  • 2 main genera are _____________
    ________________
  • STAPHYLOCOCCAL SKIN INFECTIONS
  • Gram ve cocci, 0.5-1.5 ?m in diameter
  • Clusters cells do not separate completely at
    cell division
  • 2 groups
  • _______________________
  • Make an enzyme able to clot blood
  • Fibrin clot around the bacteria walls them off
    from host immune defenses and phagocytosis
  • Often produce toxins, injuring tissues
  • Most pathogenic COAGULASE POSITIVE
    __________________
  • Danger in ___________ of wound infection,
  • Commonly carried on the ___________
  • Multiple Drug resistance is common, now only 10
    are ______________ susceptible
  • Commonly cause __________________________

3
STAPHYLOCOCCAL DISEASES
  • Conditions caused by Staphylococcus aureus
  • __________ of the _____________,
  • thin-walled vesicles, crusting at a later stage.

  • Skin lotions containing hexachlorophene are used
    to limit the spread
  • ________________ syndrome,
  • lesion beginning around the nose and mouth
    spreads, and very large sheets of skin can be
    lost when touched.
  • Serious disease in very young children, caused by
    a toxin,
  • Requires vigorous antibiotic therapy
  • ________________ syndrome,
  • Tampon contamination, nasal surgery,
    post-childbirth
  • Fever, vomiting, rash, then life-threatening
    shock
  • COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI
  • 90 of all skin forms
  • Pathogenic when skin barrier is broken
    (puncture, catheterization etc.)

4
STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE
  • Gram ve, grow in chains
  • Many in the normal microflora
  • Secrete __________ and ________________
  • ______________ damage red blood cells, 3 types of
    destruction are seen, bacteria are classified as

  • _______________________ cause most human
    disease
  • Over 80 immunological types known so far
  • Variations in the ______________ structure
  • Protein found external to the cell wall
  • Contributes to strain _____________
  • ______________ and _____________ to membranes
  • Other important proteins adding to pathogenesis
  • ________________
  • Large red eruptions with thickened margins
  • Accompanying fever
  • Generally there is infection at other sites in
    the body

5
PSEUDOMONAD SKIN INFECTIONSVIRAL DISEASES
  • Aerobic Gram -ve rods
  • Water and soil inhabitants,
  • Build-up sometimes seen in pools and hot tubs
  • Nutrients / warmer water temp.
  • Can cause outbreaks of dermatitis and ear
    infections
  • Severe respiratory disease in burn victims
    immunocompromised
  • May produce a blue-green color in pus of infected
    sites, often carried into hospitals in bunches of
    flowers or plants
  • VIRAL SKIN DISEASES
  • Many systemic viral diseases are recognized by
    effects on the skin
  • ______________
  • Stimulate uncontrolled but ___________ skin
    growths
  • More than 50 different viruses have now been
    identified. Sometimes there is an association
    with ____________ formation
  • Tissue containing warts must be removed for
    treatment, _______________________.

6
VIRAL DISEASES
  • __________________
  • No animal hosts plus the provision of an
    effective vaccine permitted its eradication
  • Main risk today is laboratory containment
    breakdown, 2 labs only now possess this virus
  • ______________________ Varicella zoster virus
  • Childhood disease, 100 deaths per year
  • In adults, disease is more serious
  • Vesicles form, later fill with pus, rupture and
    heal
  • Latent virus in nerve cells where they are hidden
    from immune system
  • Lowered immune defense or stress triggers
    shingles, mostly in elderly
  • Other viral skin/systemic diseases

7
FUNGAL SKIN DISEASES
  • _________________________
  • Skin environment is more favorable for fungi
  • Diseases of hair, nails and outer skin
    _________________
  • Fungi which cause them are known as __________,
    metabolize the protein _____________
  • 3 DISEASE GROUPS
  • 3 FUNGAL GENERA
  • Many non-prescription drugs are effective
  • Diagnosis comes from examining skin scrapings,
    most dermatophytes grow on selective media
  • SUBCUTANEOUS, ENTRY VIA _______________
  • More serious than superficial mycoses, seldom
    fatal, drinking dilute KI soln. can cure
  • ______________ - sporotrichosis, common In
    gardeners, forms ulcers in the hands and
    lymphatic system

8
FUNGAL / EYE DISEASES
  • OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSIS - ________________
  • Sometimes overgrows normal _____________
  • Oral infections common in ____________- and
    __________________ individuals
  • Common cause of ________________
  • If it becomes systemic, it can be fatal
  • DISEASES OF THE EYE
  • _________________________, largely prevented by
    routine use of silver nitrate or antibiotics at
    birth
  • __________________________ - birth canal or
    infected swimming pools
  • ______________ - Chlamydia trachomatis
    conjunctivitis with permanent scarring, often
    caused by poor hygiene in the developing world
  • ______________________ commonest cause of
    blindness in U.S.A.
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