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Title: Two Demographic Surveys: Current Population Survey CPS Survey of Income and Program Participation SI


1
Two Demographic SurveysCurrent Population
Survey(CPS)Survey of Income and Program
Participation(SIPP)
U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Helping You Make
Informed Decisions
2
Current Population Survey Some History
U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Helping You Make
Informed Decisions
  • The 1930s The Great Depression Record levels
    of unemployment.? How bad was it?
  • Policy makers knew that it was bad, but had no
    data to base policy on.
  • Trends Was it getting better or worse, were the
    policies working?
  • By the early 1940s, a Monthly National Labor
    Force Survey was initiated jointly with the
    Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the Census
    Bureau. This was the foundation for the CPS,
    still run jointly with the Census Bureau and BLS.

3
Current Population Survey Design
U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Helping You Make
Informed Decisions
  • Household addresses are sampled (not people).
    Each address is in sample for 8 rotations, and
    overlapping samples ensure consistent monthly
    national cross-sections of the non-institutional
    household population.
  • The core information used to measure
    unemployment, poverty, and other labor force
    characteristics were supplemented in the late
    1940s with additional topical questions. Some of
    the supplements occur yearly and some less often
  • February (biennially) Supplements about
    displaced workers, job tenure, and occupational
    mobility
  • March (yearly) The annual demographic
    supplement used for the income and poverty
    reports as well as reports on demographic
    characteristics
  • June (biennially) A fertility supplement
  • October (yearly) The school enrollment
    supplement
  • November (biennially) A voting supplement

4
Current Population Survey Growth
U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Helping You Make
Informed Decisions
  • During the 1960s the survey was expanded, both
    in content and in sample size.
  • The survey is now seen by many users as a social
    survey, but its real purpose remains the
    generation of monthly labor force data and
    economic indicators data.
  • Currently upwards of 70,000 households per month
    are surveyed many recurring supplements and
    reports have been created on many topics. This
    is the only large nationally representative
    monthly data collection available from the Census
    Bureau.

5
Survey of Income and Program Participation -
Some History
U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Helping You Make
Informed Decisions
  • In 1984 the first panel of the Survey of Income
    and Program Participation was developed and
    fielded. The SIPP was designed as a tool for
    measuring family and individual transitions into
    and out of assistance programs.
  • The data available could not answer the questions
    of the period what are the federal transfer
    programs doing for a family? Are people/families
    chronic receivers or do they enter and exit
    programs? Cross-sectional data such as that
    from the CPS are not able to answer these
    questions about program dynamics. A new
    Longitudinal survey was developed.
  • This survey continues to be a significant source
    of data to aid in understanding the impact of
    welfare reform, labor market dynamics, program
    dynamics, and other aspects of family change.

6
U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Helping You Make
Informed Decisions
Survey of Income and Program Participation -
Design
  • Households are sampled and the respondents in
    these households are interviewed at 4 month
    intervals (waves) for the life of the panel (3-4
    years). At each interview detailed household,
    family and economic information is collected for
    the previous four months (reference period).
  • Current panels include responses from
    approximately 35,000 households, and are 3 year
    panels with 9 waves of data collection.
  • The SIPP core information is used to measure
    poverty, program receipt, and other labor force
    and family characteristics. As in the CPS the
    core information in the SIPP is supplemented with
    Topical Modules.
  • Child care -- Child well-being
  • Returns to school -- Marriage history
  • Fertility history -- Migration history
  • Work history -- Taxes
  • Child support -- Recipiency History
  • Household Relationships -- Functional
    Limitations and Disability
  • and more.

7
Survey of Income and Program Participation - in
comparison
U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Helping You Make
Informed Decisions
  • While the SIPP data is more complex due to the
    amount of data collected it provides much more
    detail, and the ability to measure change. The
    CPS, a cross-sectional survey (snapshot in time)
    can not reflect these dynamics.
  • For example If the poverty rate remained at 8
    percent for two years
  • The CPS would say that the rate was constant for
    those two years, giving cross-sectional
    characteristics about the population in poverty
    and those receiving assistance.
  • The SIPP could add that it was different people
    making up that 8 percent and that most of the
    population in poverty received aid in short
    spells, but a small group was receiving
    assistance for the entire period. Additionally,
    adding information about job spells, family
    changes, and changes in other household
    characteristics.
  • At this point the SIPP is the most detailed
    source of information about the family economy
    and dynamics, the only source for a detailed
    marital history for the population over 15, and
    one of the best sources for looking at family,
    labor force, and program dynamics.

8
Survey Products
U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Helping You Make
Informed Decisions
  • Data products
  • Many researchers in academics, the public sector,
    and private sector use the data files themselves
    to produce exactly the type of table or run the
    type of analysis that they need. There are
    support services for data users, like users
    groups, as well as additional documentation on
    the way data are coded and prepared.
  • Reports and Tables
  • The written products are usually intended to
    address a topical area such as Income and
    Poverty, Families and Living Arrangements, Child
    Support, etc, and to relate current information
    about these topics to a general audience and to
    assist in the dissemination of information.
  • Tabular products are intended as reference
    material for the many audiences. The tables that
    are produced contain some of the most often
    needed tabulations and are made available to the
    public. Tabulations not presented in the
    detailed tables would require independent
    analysis of the data by the data users.

9
A walk through the CPS and SIPP
onhttp//www.census.gov
U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Helping You Make
Informed Decisions
10
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Informed Decisions
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Informed Decisions
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Informed Decisions
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Informed Decisions
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Informed Decisions
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U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Helping You Make
Informed Decisions
The detailed tables contain a lot of additional
information often iterated by race, and showing
more detailed characteristics.
16
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Informed Decisions
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Informed Decisions
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Informed Decisions
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Informed Decisions
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U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Helping You Make
Informed Decisions
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