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Title: ... told the serpent that the 'Seed of the Woman' woul


1
THE INTER-TESTAMENTAL PERIOD
  • 400 Years of History in Ten Minutes

2
LIFE UNDER THE GREEKS
  • Alexander the Great dies in 323 BC
  • His empire is divided among his three generals
  • Israel is caught between
  • Ptolemy in the south (Egypt)
  • Seleucids in the north (Syria)

3
LIFE UNDER THE GREEKS
4
LIFE UNDER THE GREEKS
  • Greek culture has powerful influence, leading to
    translation of OT into Greek
  • The Septuagint (LXX)

5
LIFE UNDER THE GREEKS
  • 198 BC, the Seleucids defeated the Ptolemies and
    gained control of Judah, but not Egypt.
  • The Seleucids were determined to civilize the
    people of Judah.

6
ANITIOCHUS IV
  • 175 B. C., Antiochus IV, Epiphanies(the
    illustrious one).
  • The Jews called him Epimanes (the madman).
  • Antiochus looked upon orthodox Judaism as an
    obstacle to the unification of his empire.

7
ANITIOCHUS IV
  • He looked upon the office of high priest as a
    political office.
  • A Benjaminite named Melanus pays money to become
    High Priest.
  • The orthodox Jews were infuriated.
  • Antiochus attacks Egypt.
  • Almost won, but was defeated by the Romans.

8
ANITIOCHUS IV
  • Antiochus takes his anger out on Israel.
  • He sent his army to attack the orthodox Jews on
    the Sabbath.
  • He decreed that Greek deities were to be
    worshipped.
  • He put a statue of Zeus in the Temple and
    sacrificed a pig on the altar.
  • He held drunken orgies to the god Bacchus and
    forced attendance.

9
ANITIOCHUS IV
  • Antiochus takes his anger out on Israel.
  • He forbid the Jews to practice circumcision on
    the threat of death.
  • The Sabbath was forbidden.
  • The observance of Jewish feasts was forbidden.
  • Copies of the Scriptures were burned.

10
THE MACCABEES
  • 165 BC, An aged priest, named Mattathias, was
    commanded to offer a sacrifice to Zeus at the
    town of Modin.
  • He refused and killed the next man who tried.
  • Together with his five sons, he destroyed the
    altar and ran for the hills.

11
THE MACCABEES
  • For the next few years, they fought a guerrilla
    war against the Seleucids.
  • After having several killed on the Sabbath, when
    they would not fight, Mattathias decreed that
    fighting in self-defense on the Sabbath was
    allowed.

12
JUDAH THE MACCABEE(the Hammer)
  • He continued the raids and guerrilla warfare.
  • Antiochus had battles in other parts of his
    kingdom and couldnt focus on them.

13
JUDAH THE MACCABEE(the Hammer)
  • Eventually, the Maccabees took Jerusalem, entered
    the Temple and removed all signs of paganism that
    they found there.
  • They tore down the altar to Zeus and built a new
    altar to the Lord.
  • One day of oil burned for eight.
  • This is the Festival of Lights or Hanukkah.

14
JUDAH THE MACCABEE(the Hammer)
  • Judahs victory was short-lived.
  • Antiochus sent his army against him, promising
    religious freedom if they surrendered.
  • The people chose to surrender and Judah ran away.
  • He did not stop fighting, however, and died in
    battle.

15
JONATHAN, JUDAHS BROTHER
  • Won by diplomacy.
  • Jonathan sought to become high priest, even
    though he was not of the right lineage.
  • The Syrians later murdered him.

16
SIMON,ANOTHER BROTHER
  • Became both military commander and high priest.
  • Expelled the Syrians from the land.
  • The offices of priest, field commander, and ruler
    were all given to him by the people and made
    hereditary.
  • Began the Hasomanean dynasty.

17
THE HASOMANEAN DYNASTY
  • The parties of the Pharisees and the Sadducees
    began
  • After about 75 years, the Hasomeaneans fell to
    fighting each other.
  • The Roman general, Pompey, offered to mediate.
  • He conquered the land and ended the arguments.
  • In 63 BC, Israel came under Roman domination.

18
THE ROMANS
  • Jews generally fared well Romans gave a lot of
    independence
  • Still, longed for freedom
  • Herod the Great
  • Began ruling in 37 BC
  • Rebuilt several cities and six fortresses
  • In 20 BC, began building Temple finished in 68 AD

19
THE NEW TESTAMENT ENVIRONMENT
20
GRECO-ROMAN WORLD
  • Genuine belief in the gods and goddesses of
    Greece and Rome had given way to a general
    agnosticism.
  • Growth in superstition and astrology

21
GRECO-ROMAN WORLDPhilosophies
  • Platonism
  • Taught that true reality is not found in the
    objects of sense, but in the idea or form which
    lies behind each object.
  • By grasping and participating in the eternal
    forms, the soul is lifted and attains true
    well-being.
  • The souls real home is the world beyond the
    senses.
  • The body is a prison for the soul.
  • This release takes place at death.

22
GRECO-ROMAN WORLDPhilosophies
  • Cynics
  • Believed simple pleasures are the best and
    taught an extreme frugality.
  • Salvation lies in returning to nature.
  • Cynics took their beliefs to the people.
  • Cynics style called the diatribe which
    consisted of questions and answers.

23
GRECO-ROMAN WORLDPhilosophies
  • Epicureans
  • Rejected Plato
  • How you feel should be the standard of truth.
  • Wisdom consists in the pursuit of happiness and
    enjoying life, but not to excess.
  • There is no afterlife, so you best enjoy life now
    while you can.
  • The gods, if they do exist, have nothing to do
    with us.
  • At death, the body dissolves.
  • This tended to bring about atheism and
    self-indulgence.

24
GRECO-ROMAN WORLDPhilosophies
  • Stoics
  • Encouraged the development of a moral fiber.
  • Divine Reason pervades the universe and it is our
    duty to live in accord with Reason.
  • Ethical living was very important to the Stoics.
  • Interpreted the Roman myths allegorically.
  • The soul is the divine spark of Reason trapped
    within the human body.
  • We have the ability to rise above our
    circumstances and face them with dignity.

25
JUDAISM AND ITS DIVISIONS
  • Synagogues
  • Synagogue means meeting place.
  • Not sure when they began, probably during the
    Babylonian Captivity.
  • The synagogues were places for the reading of
    Scripture and prayer.

26
JUDAISM AND ITS DIVISIONS
  • Synagogues
  • There was a synagogue in virtually every village
    in Israel
  • One rule for the establishment of a synagogue
    there had to be ten men.
  • Men and women sat in different sections of the
    building.
  • The God-fearers stood along the back wall.

27
THE TEMPLE
  • Built by Herod the Great
  • Temple itself took 18 months to build
  • The surrounding courts took another 82 years
  • No cement or mortar used in construction

28
THE TEMPLE
  • Grounds ran 1,000 X 1,500 feet
  • Shorter walls had 160 huge columns
  • Covered in alabaster and marble
  • Finished in 63 AD
  • Destroyed in 70 AD

29
THE TEMPLE
30
THE TEMPLE
31
VARIOUS GROUPS Pharisees
  • Mostly laypeople
  • Pharisee means The holy ones
  • Started as a rebellion against Greek influences
  • Applied to join then a probationary period

32
VARIOUS GROUPS Pharisees
  • Beliefs
  • Accepted Entire OT and oral tradition
  • Divided OT law into 613 laws and sub-laws
  • Wanted to build a fence around the commandments

33
VARIOUS GROUPS Pharisees
  • Beliefs
  • Believed that all Jews would be in Jerusalem when
    Messiah came
  • The Jews who had died would be raised to life
  • Much of modern Judaism is from the Pharisees

34
VARIOUS GROUPS Sadducees
  • Name is derived from the OT priest Zadok
  • The Sadducees were the priestly establishment
  • Very powerful politically
  • Most Jews despised them

35
VARIOUS GROUPS Sadducees
  • Beliefs
  • Only accepted the Pentateuch
  • Rejected belief in angels, demons, immortality
    and the resurrection

36
VARIOUS GROUPS Scribes
  • Could be Sadducees or Pharisees most Pharisees
  • Learned and taught the Law
  • Looked upon as people with wisdom
  • The Masoretes were their descendants

37
VARIOUS GROUPS Zealots
  • Political,not theological
  • Wanted freedom from Rome NOW!
  • Refused to pay taxes or honor Caesar
  • Fought for Jewish autonomy

38
JEWISH MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
39
JEWISH MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
  • The Spirit of God would return to-the covenant
    land.
  • God would send the Messiah to free His covenant
    people and the covenant land from the Romans

40
JEWISH MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
  • Of Davidic line
  • Man, not divine, but empowered by God's Spirit
    sad kept righteous
  • He would be righteous and just in His rule,
    serving as God's Messianic agent.

41
JEWISH MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
  • The Messiah's victory would be marked by Judgment
  • Non-Jews and all wicked Jews destroyed
    --Tax-collectors, prostitutes, other public
    sinners
  • The covenant people would be set free and
    empowered to live totally as Gods people.

42
JEWISH MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
  • An age of "heaven on earth"
  • Imagery of the year of Jubilee
  • An abundance of food with little work and toil

43
JEWISH MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
  • No more sorrow, sickness and death
  • No more oppression or unrighteousness
  • Non-Jews would, sometime in the future, stream to
    Jerusalem to become part of the covenant people.
  • The coming of a "new heaven and a new earth"

44
Herod the Great
  • He was an Idumean
  • Idumeans were Edomites
  • During the days of the Hasomoneans, the Idumeans
    were conquered and forced to become Jews.
  • Very crafty politician often switched sides to
    the right side.

45
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46
Herod the Great
  • Married several times
  • Doris
  • He exiles her
  • Have one son, Antipater
  • Herod later accuses Anitpater of treason and
    executes him.

47
Herod the Great
  • Mariamne I
  • He accuses her of adultery.
  • Her mother and his sister act as witnesses.
  • He executes her.
  • They have two children Aristobulus and
    Alexander.
  • Herod later executes both of them on charges of
    treason.
  • Aristobulus children are Herod Agrippa (Acts 12)
    and Herodias, who marries her uncle, Herod
    Philip.

48
Herod the Great
  • Mariamne II
  • Her father is the high priest.
  • They have one son Herod Philip.
  • He marries his niece, Herodias.
  • They have a daughter, Salome.

49
Herod the Great
  • Malthace
  • They have two sons
  • Herod Antipas
  • This is the Herod who kills John the Baptist and
    tries Jesus.
  • Archelaus
  • He becomes ruler of Jerusalem after his father
    dies. But he is incompetent and is replaced by
    Roman governors after nine years.

50
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51
Herod the Great
  • Cleopatra of Jerusalem
  • One son
  • Philip the Tetrarch
  • Herod was a great engineer who loved to build
    fortresses, aqueducts, and cities.
  • Was not all bad. He remitted taxes during famines
    and once sold his own dinnerware to buy food for
    his subjects.
  • Upon his death, Herods kingdom was divided among
    his sons Archelaus, Antipas, and Philip.

52
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53
THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
  • Which Gospel came First?
  • How were the Gospels Written?

54
THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
  • What is the relationship among the three Synoptic
    Gospels?
  • The Synoptic Gospels are Matthew, Mark and Luke
  • A historical question, does not necessarily
    impinge upon authorship and inspiration.

55
THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
  • That there is a relationship is obvious
  • The general scheme of the three Gospels is the
    same.
  • Not only do Jesus words match, but also the
    narrative events.

56
THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
  • However
  • There are passages that Matthew and Luke have
    that Mark does not.
  • Some stuff in Matthew and Luke is similar, but
    not identical.
  • Each Gospel has its own material.

57
THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
  • Early Church
  • Matthew wrote first.
  • Mark wrote his Gospel independently, using Peter
    as his source.
  • Luke used Matthew to write his Gospel.

58
THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
  • St. Augustine
  • Matthew wrote first.
  • Luke used Matthew.
  • Mark wrote a Readers Digest version of them.

59
THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
  • Current Scholarship
  • Mark was the first Gospel written.
  • Matthew and Luke used Mark and an unknown source
    called Q.
  • From the German Quelle meaning source.

60
THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
  • Why do scholars think that Mark is the first
    Gospel?
  • The amount of Mark found in the other Gospels.
  • Historical candor
  • Style

61
THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
  • Biggest problem with Markan priority
  • Early church witness states that Matthew was the
    first Gospel written.
  • There is no external evidence to back up this
    claim.
  • Still, most scholars think this scheme answers
    more questions that it gives.

62
WHAT IS Q?
  • Q Information that is common to Luke and
    Matthew, but not in Mark
  • About 250 verses, mostly sayings with very little
    narrative material.

63
Q AND SOURCE THEORY
  • Except for the temptation of Jesus, most of this
    material is in different locations in each
    Gospel.
  • This means one of two things
  • Jesus taught the same thing more than once
  • That one or the other edited the material and put
    it where he wanted.
  • Most scholars think Luke has the original order.

64
Q PROBLEMS
  • There is no hard evidence of its existence.
  • There is absolutely no parallel type of
    literature in that era.

65
Q PROBLEMS
  • Q had no passion account.
  • Scholars have come up with no less that 18
    different possibilities of what was in Q.
  • Some of the stuff in Q strikes me as two
    different parables or something that Jesus would
    have taught more than once.

66
Q AND SOURCE THEORY
  • What Do We Do With All This?
  • This is a historical question and does not
    necessarily impinge on authorship or inspiration.
  • We know that Luke, at least, used sources.
  • A good argument can be made for putting Mark
    first.
  • Q is a open question.

67
FEATURES IN THE LIFE AND MINISTRY OF JESUS
68
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • When was Jesus born?
  • Herod the Great died in 4 BC
  • There was an imperial census in 8 BC.

69
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • The Problem of Quinirius.
  • Quinirius was governor around 6 AD, which is too
    late for the birth of Jesus.
  • There are three possible answers
  • Luke is in error here.
  • Luke has been mistranslated.
  • First should be translated before
  • Governor should be translated governing
  • Luke doesnt give the whole story.
  • Started under Herod
  • Completed under Quinirius

70
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • The Genealogies
  • Two suggestions
  • Matthew is highlighting Josephs heritage Luke
    is highlighting Marys.
  • But both say they are Josephs heritage.
  • If Mary, Jesus would be considered illegtimate.
  • Joseph is the product of a Levirite marriage.

71
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • Mary was probably about 13-15 years old.
  • Men were 17-18

72
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • She was betrothed, but not married to Joseph.
  • Betrothal was more than our engagement.
  • For all legal purposes the couple was married but
    not yet living together.
  • There was a one year period between betrothal and
    marriage.

73
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • You who are highly favored the Lord is with
    you.
  • Mary was chosen as Jesus mother out of grace.

74
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • You will call his Name Jesus.
  • Jesus is his Name.
  • Greek version of the Hebrew name Joshua.
  • The name Jesus means The Lord Saves.

75
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • Since I am a virgin?
  • Genesis 315, God told the serpent that the Seed
    of the Woman would crush his head. Only by a
    virgin birth could a person be the seed of a
    woman.

76
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • The Holy Spirit will come on you
  • This birth would be caused by the God who created
    life at the beginning.
  • How could Jesus be born of a sinful woman and
    still be holy?
  • Because of the work of the Holy Spirit in Marys
    life and body.

77
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • Matthew 120,21 Josephs reaction
  • Jewish law provided that a man could
  • a) marry the woman anyway,
  • b) divorce her quietly
  • c) have her stoned to death as an adulteress.

78
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • Matthew 120,21 Josephs reaction
  • Joseph made up his mind to divorce her quietly.
  • Until an angel came to him in a dream.

79
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • Luke 2Jesus birth
  • first-born son not only born. Cf. Matthew 1.
  • Mary most likely not ever-virgin

80
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • Luke 2Jesus birth
  • Shepherds pretty lowly in society
  • Shows the great reversal once again

81
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • Luke 2Jesus birth
  • ChristHis title
  • Means the Anointed One or the Chosen One
  • Hebrew Messiah

82
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • Matthew 2Visit of the Magi
  • Magi most likely Eastern astrologers
  • Lots of discussion about the star
  • Most likely a conjunction of Jupiter and Venus in
    Pisces
  • A comet or nova also possible, but most not in
    the right time frame

83
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
  • Matthew 2Visit of the Magi
  • No confirmation outside of NT for the murder of
    the Holy Innocents
  • But given what we know of Herod, not unlikely
  • Fled to Egypt
  • Because there was a large Jewish population there
  • Under direct control of emperor, so Herod had no
    jurisdiction

84
JESUS' BAPTISM
  • Matthew 313-17
  • Baptism was not unknown among the Jews
  • However, it was only for Gentiles becoming Jews
  • This was unique because John required it of all
    people

85
JESUS' BAPTISM
  • Matthew 313-17
  • Matthew is the only one to mention that John kept
    trying (and kept failing) to talk Jesus out of
    His Baptism

86
JESUS' BAPTISM
  • Matthew 313-17
  • In his Baptism, Jesus completely identified with
    sinners and took our place as the sin-bearer.
  • Jesus baptism was the beginning of His ministry

87
JESUS' BAPTISM
  • Matthew 313-17
  • This is My Son in whom I am well-pleased.
  • Conflation of Psalm 27 and Is. 421-4.

88
JESUS' BAPTISM
  • Matthew 313-17
  • Psalm 2 is a coronation psalm.
  • Written by David to celebrate the coronation of
    Solomon and the other Davidic kings.
  • Jesus is bringing this Psalm to its fulfillment.

89
JESUS' BAPTISM
  • Matthew 313-17
  • Jesus is also the Servant of the Lord.
  • Jesus will now institute servant kingship.
  • He is King of all and Servant of all.

90
JESUS' TEMPTATION
  • Matthew 41-11
  • Jesus is led by the Spirit to be tempted
  • Jesus in the wilderness 40 Days
  • Parallels 40 day fasts of Moses and Elijah
  • 40 days of Noah
  • 40 years of wandering in the desert by Israel
  • Satan continually tempted Jesus, but here we see
    three of them

91
JESUS' TEMPTATION
  • Matthew 41-11
  • The temptations parallel the issues of Israel in
    the wilderness
  • First temptation food manna
  • Second temptation testing God as Israel did at
    Massah (cf. Dt. 616 and Ex. 172-7)
  • Third temptation God or idols? (cf. the golden
    calf and later the Judges)

92
JESUS MINISTRY
  • PARABLES
  • One third of Jesus teaching was done in
    parables.
  • The parables describe the Kingdom of God in
    action.
  • There are 3 kinds of parables
  • A simple saying
  • A comparison
  • Allegories
  • A parable has only one main point of comparison

93
JESUS MINISTRY
  • MIRACLES
  • Jesus miracles are well-attested to.
  • Josephus calls Jesus a doer of wonderful deeds.
  • Babylonian Talmud accuses Jesus of sorcery.

94
JESUS MINISTRY
  • MIRACLES
  • Miracles were part of Jesus message.
  • Jesus Mission statement Luke 4.
  • The Kingdom of God had come to set people free
    from
  • Sickness--Mark 1
  • Demons--Mark 1
  • Evils of nature--Mark 4
  • Death--Mark 5
  • The key to understanding the miracles was faith
    realizing that the miracles were the kingdom of
    God at work.

95
JESUS MINISTRY
  • Climax Mark 827-30
  • Who do the crowds say that I am?
  • Who do you say that I am?
  • Answer You are the Christ!
  • The Disciples cannot understand that answer

96
JESUS MINISTRY
  • Three predictions of Christs death
  • Mark 827-37
  • Mark 930-37
  • Mark 1032-45

97
JESUS MINISTRY
  • Prediction Cycle
  • Prediction I will be crucified and rise again.
  • Confusion Huh? No way? Can we be in charge?
  • Clarification Whoever wants to be my disciple
    must carry the cross with me.

98
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • The Last Supper
  • Did Jesus celebrate the Passover?
  • Synoptics Most definitely yes!

99
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • Did Jesus celebrate the Passover?
  • John Well, maybe not John 1828, 1914
  • John uses the word Passover in a wide sense
    Passover and the Feast of the Unleavened Bread
  • Friday was normally called Preparation Day
    meaning Preparation for the Sabbath.

100
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • Did Jesus celebrate the Passover?
  • John Well, maybe not John 1828, 1914
  • Saying this was Preparation for the Passover
    could mean Friday in Passover Week.
  • There were other important meals during Passover
    week that might be what John is referring to.
  • There is some discussion as to whether or not all
    the Jews used the same calendar

101
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • THE LAST SUPPER
  • The Order of the Meal
  • First cup of wine (Luke 2215-18) A
  • At this time, Jesus would have spoken the
    blessing over the wine.
  • The foot washing (John 131-20)
  • One of you will betray me (Luke 2222 Matthew
    2623-24)
  • Washing the right hand was followed by
    preliminary dish.
  • It consisted of herbs that were dipped in sauce.

102
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • THE LAST SUPPER
  • The Order of the Meal
  • First cup of wine (Luke 2215-18)
  • Jesus says that the betrayer would be one who
    dipped his hand into the dish with me.
  • John asks Jesus who the betrayer was.
  • Jesus says it is the person he gives a dipped
    portion to Judas.

103
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • THE LAST SUPPER
  • The Order of the Meal
  • First cup of wine (Luke 2215-18)
  • Judas leaves.
  • All of you will leave me. Matthew 2631-35
    Mark 1427-31 Luke 2231-38 John 1331-38

104
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • The Main Part of the Meal
  • After the preliminary dish, the second cup of
    wine was distributed.
  • The meal was put on the table.
  • The youngest would ask, Why do we eat this
    meal? and the father of the family would respond
    with the Passover story.
  • This was followed by singing some of the Hallel
    Psalms (Psalms 111-118).
  • The second cup of wine was then drank and both
    hands would be washed.

105
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • The Third Cup, the Cup of Blessing or
    Thanksgiving (Eucharist).
  • It was at this point that Jesus instituted the
    Lords Supper.
  • Finally, after the meal, Jesus had his great
    discourse in John.

106
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • PONTIUS PILATE
  • Pilate served from 26 to 36 AD.
  • There were three major incidents before the trial
    of Jesus (RAGS)
  • Roman Standards
  • Aqueduct
  • Golden Shields
  • When the Jews protested, they basically
    threatened Pilate.
  • Tiberius was not well.
  • Pilate would have faced exile or suicide.

107
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • Crucifixion
  • There were two types of crosses T and Latin
    cross
  • The cross beam was carried by the accused it
    weighed about 100 lbs.
  • A superscription given the reason for the
    crucifixion was either put above the head or
    around the neck.
  • A wooden seat was positioned about half way up.
  • A piece of wood was used to help the body stay
    on the cross.
  • Death was caused by suffocation.

108
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • If Jesus Didnt Rise, then What happened?
  • The stolen body theory
  • The wrong tomb theory
  • The swoon theory
  • The hallucination theory

109
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • Evidence in Scripture for the resurrection
  • The women
  • Early church preaching
  • The Gospels vary in their accounts
  • The disciples
  • Paul

110
THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
  • What did the Resurrection mean?
  • That Jesus is the Son of God.
  • That God accepted Jesus sacrifice for us.
  • That we live a new, forgiven life.
  • That we will rise again.

111
THE FOUR GOSPELS
112
THE GOSPELS
  • The Gospels are not biographies as we would
    normally understand that term.
  • The purpose of the Gospels is to present Jesus to
    the readers.

113
MATTHEW
  • Author Matthew, the apostle
  • Place of writing Somewhere in Palestine
  • Written to Jewish Christians
  • Date of writing Depends on presuppositions.
    Probably around as 50-60 AD.

114
MATTHEW
  • Key Themes
  • Messianic interest
  • Jesus is the new Moses, I.e. the Promised Prophet
  • Structure
  • Birth and Infancy of Jesus (1-2)
  • Book 1The Kingdom of Heaven is Announced
  • Narrative (Galilean ministry 3-4)
  • Teaching (Sermon the Mount 5-7)
  • Book 2The Kingdom of Heaven is Preached
  • Narrative (81-934)
  • Teaching (935-111)

115
MATTHEW
  • Key Themes
  • Messianic interest
  • Jesus is the new Moses
  • Structure
  • Book 3The Mystery of the Kingdom of Heaven
  • Narrative (112-12)
  • Teaching (parables) (131-52)
  • Book 4The Church as the Kingdom of Heaven
  • Narrative (1353-17)
  • Teaching (18)

116
MATTHEW
  • Key Themes
  • Messianic interest
  • Jesus is the new Moses
  • Structure
  • Book 5The Advent of the Kingdom of Heaven
  • Narrative (19-22)
  • Teaching (23-26)
  • The Passion and Resurrection (26-28)

117
MATTHEW
  • Key Themes
  • Jesus is the fulfiller of prophecy
  • His passages sometimes bring questions
  • Jew first, then the Gentile
  • The Church
  • Only Gospel writer to use the word Church
  • Eschatology (end times)

118
MARK
  • Author John Mark
  • Papias states that he wrote from Rome with Peter
    as his source.
  • Is he the naked guy?
  • Date 50 to 60 AD
  • Written to Roman Christians

119
MARK
  • Key themes
  • Jesus as a busy man
  • Word immediately is used over 40 times!
  • Gospel for gentiles
  • Blunt view of people
  • Textual question The ending of Mark

120
LUKE
  • Author Luke, a doctor and companion of Pauls
  • Author of both Luke and Acts
  • Both dedicated to same man
  • Only Gentile author in the NT
  • Some wonder if there is medical language or
    interests in his Gospel

121
LUKE
  • Date 60-65 AD ?
  • Written to Theophilus
  • Most Excellent a social rank
  • Strong catechetical emphasis

122
LUKE
  • Themes in Luke
  • Universality of the GospelGentiles and women are
    prominent
  • Prayer
  • Holy Spirit

123
JOHN
  • Author John the apostle.
  • John Drane The question of authorship has
    always been rather confused.
  • No, it has not.

124
JOHN
  • Author John the apostle.
  • Early Church evidence
  • Irenaenus states that Polycarp, who was a student
    of Johns, said that he was the author of this
    Gospel and that it was written in Ephesus.
  • The Elder John
  • This comes from Papias, once again quoted in
    Eusebius.
  • Would the early church would give a Gospel to man
    of whom nothing was really known?
  • Eusebius mentions the Elder John is to get away
    from the idea that Revelation was written by the
    apostle.

125
JOHN
  • Author John the apostle.
  • Internal evidence
  • Gives great deal of geographical detail
  • Author claims to be an eyewitness
  • John, son of Zebedee, is never named.
  • There is the disciple whom Jesus loved.
  • This disciple is one of the 12
  • Close connection with Peter
  • Given care of Jesus mother

126
JOHN
  • Date Around 85-100 AD.
  • Purpose John 2030-31
  • Themes
  • Emphasis on the Old Testament
  • The Sprit
  • Love, truth, light, life, and abiding are all
    abstract themes that keep coming up.
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