Title: ... told the serpent that the 'Seed of the Woman' woul
1THE INTER-TESTAMENTAL PERIOD
- 400 Years of History in Ten Minutes
2LIFE UNDER THE GREEKS
- Alexander the Great dies in 323 BC
- His empire is divided among his three generals
- Israel is caught between
- Ptolemy in the south (Egypt)
- Seleucids in the north (Syria)
3LIFE UNDER THE GREEKS
4LIFE UNDER THE GREEKS
- Greek culture has powerful influence, leading to
translation of OT into Greek - The Septuagint (LXX)
5LIFE UNDER THE GREEKS
- 198 BC, the Seleucids defeated the Ptolemies and
gained control of Judah, but not Egypt. - The Seleucids were determined to civilize the
people of Judah.
6ANITIOCHUS IV
- 175 B. C., Antiochus IV, Epiphanies(the
illustrious one). - The Jews called him Epimanes (the madman).
- Antiochus looked upon orthodox Judaism as an
obstacle to the unification of his empire.
7ANITIOCHUS IV
- He looked upon the office of high priest as a
political office. - A Benjaminite named Melanus pays money to become
High Priest. - The orthodox Jews were infuriated.
- Antiochus attacks Egypt.
- Almost won, but was defeated by the Romans.
8ANITIOCHUS IV
- Antiochus takes his anger out on Israel.
- He sent his army to attack the orthodox Jews on
the Sabbath. - He decreed that Greek deities were to be
worshipped. - He put a statue of Zeus in the Temple and
sacrificed a pig on the altar. - He held drunken orgies to the god Bacchus and
forced attendance.
9ANITIOCHUS IV
- Antiochus takes his anger out on Israel.
- He forbid the Jews to practice circumcision on
the threat of death. - The Sabbath was forbidden.
- The observance of Jewish feasts was forbidden.
- Copies of the Scriptures were burned.
10THE MACCABEES
- 165 BC, An aged priest, named Mattathias, was
commanded to offer a sacrifice to Zeus at the
town of Modin. - He refused and killed the next man who tried.
- Together with his five sons, he destroyed the
altar and ran for the hills.
11THE MACCABEES
- For the next few years, they fought a guerrilla
war against the Seleucids. - After having several killed on the Sabbath, when
they would not fight, Mattathias decreed that
fighting in self-defense on the Sabbath was
allowed.
12JUDAH THE MACCABEE(the Hammer)
- He continued the raids and guerrilla warfare.
- Antiochus had battles in other parts of his
kingdom and couldnt focus on them.
13JUDAH THE MACCABEE(the Hammer)
- Eventually, the Maccabees took Jerusalem, entered
the Temple and removed all signs of paganism that
they found there. - They tore down the altar to Zeus and built a new
altar to the Lord. - One day of oil burned for eight.
- This is the Festival of Lights or Hanukkah.
14JUDAH THE MACCABEE(the Hammer)
- Judahs victory was short-lived.
- Antiochus sent his army against him, promising
religious freedom if they surrendered. - The people chose to surrender and Judah ran away.
- He did not stop fighting, however, and died in
battle.
15JONATHAN, JUDAHS BROTHER
- Won by diplomacy.
- Jonathan sought to become high priest, even
though he was not of the right lineage. - The Syrians later murdered him.
16SIMON,ANOTHER BROTHER
- Became both military commander and high priest.
- Expelled the Syrians from the land.
- The offices of priest, field commander, and ruler
were all given to him by the people and made
hereditary. - Began the Hasomanean dynasty.
17THE HASOMANEAN DYNASTY
- The parties of the Pharisees and the Sadducees
began - After about 75 years, the Hasomeaneans fell to
fighting each other. - The Roman general, Pompey, offered to mediate.
- He conquered the land and ended the arguments.
- In 63 BC, Israel came under Roman domination.
18THE ROMANS
- Jews generally fared well Romans gave a lot of
independence - Still, longed for freedom
- Herod the Great
- Began ruling in 37 BC
- Rebuilt several cities and six fortresses
- In 20 BC, began building Temple finished in 68 AD
19THE NEW TESTAMENT ENVIRONMENT
20GRECO-ROMAN WORLD
- Genuine belief in the gods and goddesses of
Greece and Rome had given way to a general
agnosticism. - Growth in superstition and astrology
21GRECO-ROMAN WORLDPhilosophies
- Platonism
- Taught that true reality is not found in the
objects of sense, but in the idea or form which
lies behind each object. - By grasping and participating in the eternal
forms, the soul is lifted and attains true
well-being. - The souls real home is the world beyond the
senses. - The body is a prison for the soul.
- This release takes place at death.
22GRECO-ROMAN WORLDPhilosophies
- Cynics
- Believed simple pleasures are the best and
taught an extreme frugality. - Salvation lies in returning to nature.
- Cynics took their beliefs to the people.
- Cynics style called the diatribe which
consisted of questions and answers.
23GRECO-ROMAN WORLDPhilosophies
- Epicureans
- Rejected Plato
- How you feel should be the standard of truth.
- Wisdom consists in the pursuit of happiness and
enjoying life, but not to excess. - There is no afterlife, so you best enjoy life now
while you can. - The gods, if they do exist, have nothing to do
with us. - At death, the body dissolves.
- This tended to bring about atheism and
self-indulgence.
24GRECO-ROMAN WORLDPhilosophies
- Stoics
- Encouraged the development of a moral fiber.
- Divine Reason pervades the universe and it is our
duty to live in accord with Reason. - Ethical living was very important to the Stoics.
- Interpreted the Roman myths allegorically.
- The soul is the divine spark of Reason trapped
within the human body. - We have the ability to rise above our
circumstances and face them with dignity.
25JUDAISM AND ITS DIVISIONS
- Synagogues
- Synagogue means meeting place.
- Not sure when they began, probably during the
Babylonian Captivity. - The synagogues were places for the reading of
Scripture and prayer.
26JUDAISM AND ITS DIVISIONS
- Synagogues
- There was a synagogue in virtually every village
in Israel - One rule for the establishment of a synagogue
there had to be ten men. - Men and women sat in different sections of the
building. - The God-fearers stood along the back wall.
27THE TEMPLE
- Built by Herod the Great
- Temple itself took 18 months to build
- The surrounding courts took another 82 years
- No cement or mortar used in construction
28THE TEMPLE
- Grounds ran 1,000 X 1,500 feet
- Shorter walls had 160 huge columns
- Covered in alabaster and marble
- Finished in 63 AD
- Destroyed in 70 AD
29THE TEMPLE
30THE TEMPLE
31VARIOUS GROUPS Pharisees
- Mostly laypeople
- Pharisee means The holy ones
- Started as a rebellion against Greek influences
- Applied to join then a probationary period
32VARIOUS GROUPS Pharisees
- Beliefs
- Accepted Entire OT and oral tradition
- Divided OT law into 613 laws and sub-laws
- Wanted to build a fence around the commandments
33VARIOUS GROUPS Pharisees
- Beliefs
- Believed that all Jews would be in Jerusalem when
Messiah came - The Jews who had died would be raised to life
- Much of modern Judaism is from the Pharisees
34VARIOUS GROUPS Sadducees
- Name is derived from the OT priest Zadok
- The Sadducees were the priestly establishment
- Very powerful politically
- Most Jews despised them
35VARIOUS GROUPS Sadducees
- Beliefs
- Only accepted the Pentateuch
- Rejected belief in angels, demons, immortality
and the resurrection
36VARIOUS GROUPS Scribes
- Could be Sadducees or Pharisees most Pharisees
- Learned and taught the Law
- Looked upon as people with wisdom
- The Masoretes were their descendants
37VARIOUS GROUPS Zealots
- Political,not theological
- Wanted freedom from Rome NOW!
- Refused to pay taxes or honor Caesar
- Fought for Jewish autonomy
38JEWISH MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
39JEWISH MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
- The Spirit of God would return to-the covenant
land. - God would send the Messiah to free His covenant
people and the covenant land from the Romans
40JEWISH MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
- Of Davidic line
- Man, not divine, but empowered by God's Spirit
sad kept righteous - He would be righteous and just in His rule,
serving as God's Messianic agent.
41JEWISH MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
- The Messiah's victory would be marked by Judgment
- Non-Jews and all wicked Jews destroyed
--Tax-collectors, prostitutes, other public
sinners - The covenant people would be set free and
empowered to live totally as Gods people.
42JEWISH MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
- An age of "heaven on earth"
- Imagery of the year of Jubilee
- An abundance of food with little work and toil
43JEWISH MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
- No more sorrow, sickness and death
- No more oppression or unrighteousness
- Non-Jews would, sometime in the future, stream to
Jerusalem to become part of the covenant people. - The coming of a "new heaven and a new earth"
44Herod the Great
- He was an Idumean
- Idumeans were Edomites
- During the days of the Hasomoneans, the Idumeans
were conquered and forced to become Jews. - Very crafty politician often switched sides to
the right side.
45(No Transcript)
46Herod the Great
- Married several times
- Doris
- He exiles her
- Have one son, Antipater
- Herod later accuses Anitpater of treason and
executes him.
47Herod the Great
- Mariamne I
- He accuses her of adultery.
- Her mother and his sister act as witnesses.
- He executes her.
- They have two children Aristobulus and
Alexander. - Herod later executes both of them on charges of
treason. - Aristobulus children are Herod Agrippa (Acts 12)
and Herodias, who marries her uncle, Herod
Philip.
48Herod the Great
- Mariamne II
- Her father is the high priest.
- They have one son Herod Philip.
- He marries his niece, Herodias.
- They have a daughter, Salome.
49Herod the Great
- Malthace
- They have two sons
- Herod Antipas
- This is the Herod who kills John the Baptist and
tries Jesus. - Archelaus
- He becomes ruler of Jerusalem after his father
dies. But he is incompetent and is replaced by
Roman governors after nine years.
50(No Transcript)
51Herod the Great
- Cleopatra of Jerusalem
- One son
- Philip the Tetrarch
- Herod was a great engineer who loved to build
fortresses, aqueducts, and cities. - Was not all bad. He remitted taxes during famines
and once sold his own dinnerware to buy food for
his subjects. - Upon his death, Herods kingdom was divided among
his sons Archelaus, Antipas, and Philip.
52(No Transcript)
53THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
- Which Gospel came First?
- How were the Gospels Written?
54THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
- What is the relationship among the three Synoptic
Gospels? - The Synoptic Gospels are Matthew, Mark and Luke
- A historical question, does not necessarily
impinge upon authorship and inspiration.
55THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
- That there is a relationship is obvious
- The general scheme of the three Gospels is the
same. - Not only do Jesus words match, but also the
narrative events.
56THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
- However
- There are passages that Matthew and Luke have
that Mark does not. - Some stuff in Matthew and Luke is similar, but
not identical. - Each Gospel has its own material.
57THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
- Early Church
- Matthew wrote first.
- Mark wrote his Gospel independently, using Peter
as his source. - Luke used Matthew to write his Gospel.
58THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
- St. Augustine
- Matthew wrote first.
- Luke used Matthew.
- Mark wrote a Readers Digest version of them.
59THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
- Current Scholarship
- Mark was the first Gospel written.
- Matthew and Luke used Mark and an unknown source
called Q. - From the German Quelle meaning source.
60THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
- Why do scholars think that Mark is the first
Gospel? - The amount of Mark found in the other Gospels.
- Historical candor
- Style
61THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
- Biggest problem with Markan priority
- Early church witness states that Matthew was the
first Gospel written. - There is no external evidence to back up this
claim. - Still, most scholars think this scheme answers
more questions that it gives.
62WHAT IS Q?
- Q Information that is common to Luke and
Matthew, but not in Mark - About 250 verses, mostly sayings with very little
narrative material.
63Q AND SOURCE THEORY
- Except for the temptation of Jesus, most of this
material is in different locations in each
Gospel. - This means one of two things
- Jesus taught the same thing more than once
- That one or the other edited the material and put
it where he wanted. - Most scholars think Luke has the original order.
64Q PROBLEMS
- There is no hard evidence of its existence.
- There is absolutely no parallel type of
literature in that era.
65Q PROBLEMS
- Q had no passion account.
- Scholars have come up with no less that 18
different possibilities of what was in Q. - Some of the stuff in Q strikes me as two
different parables or something that Jesus would
have taught more than once.
66Q AND SOURCE THEORY
- What Do We Do With All This?
- This is a historical question and does not
necessarily impinge on authorship or inspiration. - We know that Luke, at least, used sources.
- A good argument can be made for putting Mark
first. - Q is a open question.
67FEATURES IN THE LIFE AND MINISTRY OF JESUS
68THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- When was Jesus born?
- Herod the Great died in 4 BC
- There was an imperial census in 8 BC.
69THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- The Problem of Quinirius.
- Quinirius was governor around 6 AD, which is too
late for the birth of Jesus. - There are three possible answers
- Luke is in error here.
- Luke has been mistranslated.
- First should be translated before
- Governor should be translated governing
- Luke doesnt give the whole story.
- Started under Herod
- Completed under Quinirius
70THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- The Genealogies
- Two suggestions
- Matthew is highlighting Josephs heritage Luke
is highlighting Marys. - But both say they are Josephs heritage.
- If Mary, Jesus would be considered illegtimate.
- Joseph is the product of a Levirite marriage.
71THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- Mary was probably about 13-15 years old.
- Men were 17-18
72THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- She was betrothed, but not married to Joseph.
- Betrothal was more than our engagement.
- For all legal purposes the couple was married but
not yet living together. - There was a one year period between betrothal and
marriage.
73THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- You who are highly favored the Lord is with
you. - Mary was chosen as Jesus mother out of grace.
74THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- You will call his Name Jesus.
- Jesus is his Name.
- Greek version of the Hebrew name Joshua.
- The name Jesus means The Lord Saves.
75THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- Since I am a virgin?
- Genesis 315, God told the serpent that the Seed
of the Woman would crush his head. Only by a
virgin birth could a person be the seed of a
woman.
76THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- The Holy Spirit will come on you
- This birth would be caused by the God who created
life at the beginning. - How could Jesus be born of a sinful woman and
still be holy? - Because of the work of the Holy Spirit in Marys
life and body.
77THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- Matthew 120,21 Josephs reaction
- Jewish law provided that a man could
- a) marry the woman anyway,
- b) divorce her quietly
- c) have her stoned to death as an adulteress.
78THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- Matthew 120,21 Josephs reaction
- Joseph made up his mind to divorce her quietly.
- Until an angel came to him in a dream.
79THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- Luke 2Jesus birth
- first-born son not only born. Cf. Matthew 1.
- Mary most likely not ever-virgin
80THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- Luke 2Jesus birth
- Shepherds pretty lowly in society
- Shows the great reversal once again
81THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- Luke 2Jesus birth
- ChristHis title
- Means the Anointed One or the Chosen One
- Hebrew Messiah
82THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- Matthew 2Visit of the Magi
- Magi most likely Eastern astrologers
- Lots of discussion about the star
- Most likely a conjunction of Jupiter and Venus in
Pisces - A comet or nova also possible, but most not in
the right time frame
83THE BIRTH OF JESUS
- Matthew 2Visit of the Magi
- No confirmation outside of NT for the murder of
the Holy Innocents - But given what we know of Herod, not unlikely
- Fled to Egypt
- Because there was a large Jewish population there
- Under direct control of emperor, so Herod had no
jurisdiction
84JESUS' BAPTISM
- Matthew 313-17
- Baptism was not unknown among the Jews
- However, it was only for Gentiles becoming Jews
- This was unique because John required it of all
people
85JESUS' BAPTISM
- Matthew 313-17
- Matthew is the only one to mention that John kept
trying (and kept failing) to talk Jesus out of
His Baptism
86JESUS' BAPTISM
- Matthew 313-17
- In his Baptism, Jesus completely identified with
sinners and took our place as the sin-bearer. - Jesus baptism was the beginning of His ministry
87JESUS' BAPTISM
- Matthew 313-17
- This is My Son in whom I am well-pleased.
- Conflation of Psalm 27 and Is. 421-4.
88JESUS' BAPTISM
- Matthew 313-17
- Psalm 2 is a coronation psalm.
- Written by David to celebrate the coronation of
Solomon and the other Davidic kings. - Jesus is bringing this Psalm to its fulfillment.
89JESUS' BAPTISM
- Matthew 313-17
- Jesus is also the Servant of the Lord.
- Jesus will now institute servant kingship.
- He is King of all and Servant of all.
90JESUS' TEMPTATION
- Matthew 41-11
- Jesus is led by the Spirit to be tempted
- Jesus in the wilderness 40 Days
- Parallels 40 day fasts of Moses and Elijah
- 40 days of Noah
- 40 years of wandering in the desert by Israel
- Satan continually tempted Jesus, but here we see
three of them
91JESUS' TEMPTATION
- Matthew 41-11
- The temptations parallel the issues of Israel in
the wilderness - First temptation food manna
- Second temptation testing God as Israel did at
Massah (cf. Dt. 616 and Ex. 172-7) - Third temptation God or idols? (cf. the golden
calf and later the Judges)
92JESUS MINISTRY
- PARABLES
- One third of Jesus teaching was done in
parables. - The parables describe the Kingdom of God in
action. - There are 3 kinds of parables
- A simple saying
- A comparison
- Allegories
- A parable has only one main point of comparison
93JESUS MINISTRY
- MIRACLES
- Jesus miracles are well-attested to.
- Josephus calls Jesus a doer of wonderful deeds.
- Babylonian Talmud accuses Jesus of sorcery.
94JESUS MINISTRY
- MIRACLES
- Miracles were part of Jesus message.
- Jesus Mission statement Luke 4.
- The Kingdom of God had come to set people free
from - Sickness--Mark 1
- Demons--Mark 1
- Evils of nature--Mark 4
- Death--Mark 5
- The key to understanding the miracles was faith
realizing that the miracles were the kingdom of
God at work.
95JESUS MINISTRY
- Climax Mark 827-30
- Who do the crowds say that I am?
- Who do you say that I am?
- Answer You are the Christ!
- The Disciples cannot understand that answer
96JESUS MINISTRY
- Three predictions of Christs death
- Mark 827-37
- Mark 930-37
- Mark 1032-45
97JESUS MINISTRY
- Prediction Cycle
- Prediction I will be crucified and rise again.
- Confusion Huh? No way? Can we be in charge?
- Clarification Whoever wants to be my disciple
must carry the cross with me.
98THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- The Last Supper
- Did Jesus celebrate the Passover?
- Synoptics Most definitely yes!
99THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- Did Jesus celebrate the Passover?
- John Well, maybe not John 1828, 1914
- John uses the word Passover in a wide sense
Passover and the Feast of the Unleavened Bread - Friday was normally called Preparation Day
meaning Preparation for the Sabbath.
100THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- Did Jesus celebrate the Passover?
- John Well, maybe not John 1828, 1914
- Saying this was Preparation for the Passover
could mean Friday in Passover Week. - There were other important meals during Passover
week that might be what John is referring to. - There is some discussion as to whether or not all
the Jews used the same calendar
101THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- THE LAST SUPPER
- The Order of the Meal
- First cup of wine (Luke 2215-18) A
- At this time, Jesus would have spoken the
blessing over the wine. - The foot washing (John 131-20)
- One of you will betray me (Luke 2222 Matthew
2623-24) - Washing the right hand was followed by
preliminary dish. - It consisted of herbs that were dipped in sauce.
102THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- THE LAST SUPPER
- The Order of the Meal
- First cup of wine (Luke 2215-18)
- Jesus says that the betrayer would be one who
dipped his hand into the dish with me. - John asks Jesus who the betrayer was.
- Jesus says it is the person he gives a dipped
portion to Judas.
103THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- THE LAST SUPPER
- The Order of the Meal
- First cup of wine (Luke 2215-18)
- Judas leaves.
- All of you will leave me. Matthew 2631-35
Mark 1427-31 Luke 2231-38 John 1331-38
104THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- The Main Part of the Meal
- After the preliminary dish, the second cup of
wine was distributed. - The meal was put on the table.
- The youngest would ask, Why do we eat this
meal? and the father of the family would respond
with the Passover story. - This was followed by singing some of the Hallel
Psalms (Psalms 111-118). - The second cup of wine was then drank and both
hands would be washed.
105THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- The Third Cup, the Cup of Blessing or
Thanksgiving (Eucharist). - It was at this point that Jesus instituted the
Lords Supper. - Finally, after the meal, Jesus had his great
discourse in John.
106THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- PONTIUS PILATE
- Pilate served from 26 to 36 AD.
- There were three major incidents before the trial
of Jesus (RAGS) - Roman Standards
- Aqueduct
- Golden Shields
- When the Jews protested, they basically
threatened Pilate. - Tiberius was not well.
- Pilate would have faced exile or suicide.
107THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- Crucifixion
- There were two types of crosses T and Latin
cross - The cross beam was carried by the accused it
weighed about 100 lbs. - A superscription given the reason for the
crucifixion was either put above the head or
around the neck. - A wooden seat was positioned about half way up.
- A piece of wood was used to help the body stay
on the cross. - Death was caused by suffocation.
108THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- If Jesus Didnt Rise, then What happened?
- The stolen body theory
- The wrong tomb theory
- The swoon theory
- The hallucination theory
109THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- Evidence in Scripture for the resurrection
- The women
- Early church preaching
- The Gospels vary in their accounts
- The disciples
- Paul
110THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION
- What did the Resurrection mean?
- That Jesus is the Son of God.
- That God accepted Jesus sacrifice for us.
- That we live a new, forgiven life.
- That we will rise again.
111THE FOUR GOSPELS
112THE GOSPELS
- The Gospels are not biographies as we would
normally understand that term. - The purpose of the Gospels is to present Jesus to
the readers.
113MATTHEW
- Author Matthew, the apostle
- Place of writing Somewhere in Palestine
- Written to Jewish Christians
- Date of writing Depends on presuppositions.
Probably around as 50-60 AD.
114MATTHEW
- Key Themes
- Messianic interest
- Jesus is the new Moses, I.e. the Promised Prophet
- Structure
- Birth and Infancy of Jesus (1-2)
- Book 1The Kingdom of Heaven is Announced
- Narrative (Galilean ministry 3-4)
- Teaching (Sermon the Mount 5-7)
- Book 2The Kingdom of Heaven is Preached
- Narrative (81-934)
- Teaching (935-111)
115MATTHEW
- Key Themes
- Messianic interest
- Jesus is the new Moses
- Structure
- Book 3The Mystery of the Kingdom of Heaven
- Narrative (112-12)
- Teaching (parables) (131-52)
- Book 4The Church as the Kingdom of Heaven
- Narrative (1353-17)
- Teaching (18)
116MATTHEW
- Key Themes
- Messianic interest
- Jesus is the new Moses
- Structure
- Book 5The Advent of the Kingdom of Heaven
- Narrative (19-22)
- Teaching (23-26)
- The Passion and Resurrection (26-28)
117MATTHEW
- Key Themes
- Jesus is the fulfiller of prophecy
- His passages sometimes bring questions
- Jew first, then the Gentile
- The Church
- Only Gospel writer to use the word Church
- Eschatology (end times)
118MARK
- Author John Mark
- Papias states that he wrote from Rome with Peter
as his source. - Is he the naked guy?
- Date 50 to 60 AD
- Written to Roman Christians
119MARK
- Key themes
- Jesus as a busy man
- Word immediately is used over 40 times!
- Gospel for gentiles
- Blunt view of people
- Textual question The ending of Mark
120LUKE
- Author Luke, a doctor and companion of Pauls
- Author of both Luke and Acts
- Both dedicated to same man
- Only Gentile author in the NT
- Some wonder if there is medical language or
interests in his Gospel
121LUKE
- Date 60-65 AD ?
- Written to Theophilus
- Most Excellent a social rank
- Strong catechetical emphasis
122LUKE
- Themes in Luke
- Universality of the GospelGentiles and women are
prominent - Prayer
- Holy Spirit
123JOHN
- Author John the apostle.
- John Drane The question of authorship has
always been rather confused. - No, it has not.
124JOHN
- Author John the apostle.
- Early Church evidence
- Irenaenus states that Polycarp, who was a student
of Johns, said that he was the author of this
Gospel and that it was written in Ephesus. - The Elder John
- This comes from Papias, once again quoted in
Eusebius. - Would the early church would give a Gospel to man
of whom nothing was really known? - Eusebius mentions the Elder John is to get away
from the idea that Revelation was written by the
apostle.
125JOHN
- Author John the apostle.
- Internal evidence
- Gives great deal of geographical detail
- Author claims to be an eyewitness
- John, son of Zebedee, is never named.
- There is the disciple whom Jesus loved.
- This disciple is one of the 12
- Close connection with Peter
- Given care of Jesus mother
126JOHN
- Date Around 85-100 AD.
- Purpose John 2030-31
- Themes
- Emphasis on the Old Testament
- The Sprit
- Love, truth, light, life, and abiding are all
abstract themes that keep coming up.