The Periodic Table and the Elements

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The Periodic Table and the Elements

• Adapted from a Powerpoint by Dr. Fred Omega
  Garces

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The Periodic Table and the Elements

• What is the periodic table ?
• What information is obtained from the table ?
• How can elemental properties be predicted based
  on the Periodic Table?

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Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
In 1869 Mendeleev (Russia) and Lothar Meyer
(Germany) published nearly identical
classification schemes for elements known at the
time. The periodic table is based on the
similarity of properties and reactivities
exhibited by various elements. Later, Henri
Moseley ( England,1887-1915) established that
each element has a unique atomic number, which is
how the current periodic table is organized.
http//www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.
html
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The Periodic Table

• A map of the building block of matter.

http//www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_
table.html
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Periodic Table Expanded View

• The Periodic Table can be arranged by energy sub
  levels The s-block is Group IA and IIA, the
  p-block is Group IIIA - VIIIA. The d-block is
  the transition metals, and the f-block are the
  Lanthanides and Actinide metals
• The way the periodic table usually shown is a
  compressed view. The Lanthanides and actinides (F
  block)are cut out and placed at the bottom of the
  table.

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Periodic Table Metallic arrangement

• Layout of the Periodic Table Metals vs.
  nonmetals

Nonmetals
Metals
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Periodic Table The three broad ClassesMain,
Transition, Rare Earth

• Main (Representative), Transition metals,
  lanthanides and actinides (rare earth)

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Reading the Periodic Table Classification

• Nonmetals, Metals, Metalloids, Noble gases

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Across the Periodic Table

• Periods Are arranged horizontally across the
  periodic table (Rows 1-7)
• These elements have the same number of valence
  shells.

2nd Period
6th Period
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Down the Periodic Table

• Families are arranged vertically down the
  periodic table (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8
  A,B)
• These elements have the same number of electrons
  in the outer most energy level , known as the
  valence shell.

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Notable Families of the Periodic Table

• Notable families of the Periodic Table and some
  important members

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Important Elements of Various Groups

• Individual members of selected groups their
  characteristics

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Periodic Table e- configurations are inherent in
the periodic table
H 1s1
He 1s2
F 2p5

• B
• 2p1

Be 2s2
B 2p1
C 2p2
N 2p3
Ne 2p6
Li 2s1
O 2p4
Na 3s1
Mg 3s2
Cl 3p5
Al 3p1
Si 3p2
P 3p3
S 3p4
Ar 3p6
K 4s1
Ca 4s2
Zn 3d10
As 4p3
Be 4p5
Sc 3d1
Ti 3d2
V 3d3
Cr 4s13d5
Mn 3d5
Fe 3d6
Co 3d7
Ga 4p1
Ge 4p2
Se 4p4
Kr 4p6
Ni 3d8
Cu 4s13d10
Sr 5s2
Rb 5s1
Nb 4d3
Mo 5s14d5
Ru 4d6
Rh 4d7
Sn 5p2
I 5p5
Xe 5p6
Cd 4d10
Zr 4d2
Tc 4d5
In 5p1
Sb 5p3
Te 5p4
Y 4d1
Ni 4d8
Ag 5s14d10
Cs 6s1
Hf 5d2
Ta 5d3
W 6s15d5
Re 5d5
Os 5d6
Ir 5d7
At 6p5
Rn 6p6
La 5d1
Ni 5d8
Ba 6s2
Tl 6p1
Pb 6p2
Bi 6p3
Po 6p4
Hg 5d10
Au 6s15d10
Mt 6d7
Fr 7s1
Bh 6d5
Hs 6d6
Ra 7s2
Rf 6d2
Db 6d3
Sg 7s16d5
Ac 6d1
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Periodic Table Electron behavior

• The periodic table can be classified by the
  behavior of their electrons

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2. Trend in Atomic Radius

• Atomic Radius
• The size of an atom is determined by the
  boundaries of the valence e-. Largest atomic
  species are those found in the lower left corner
  since these atoms have the largest n, but the
  smallest Zeff.

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3. Trends in Ionization Energy
Ionization energy The energy required to remove
the valence electron from an atom is known as the
ionization energy. Largest toward upper right
corner of periodic table since these atoms hold
on to their valence e- the tightest.
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4. Trend in Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity The energy released when an
electron is added to an atom. The electron
affinity is highest among the elements of the
upper right corner of the periodic table
(excluding the noble gases) since these atoms
have a great affinity for electrons.
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Summary of Trends

• Periodic Table and Periodic Trends
• 1. Electron Configuration

3. Ionization Energy Largest toward upper right
4. Electron Affinity Most favorable upper
right
2. Atomic Radius Largest toward lower left
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Summary

• Periodic Table Map of the Building blocks of
  matter
• Types Metal, metalloid and
  Nonmetal
• Blocks S,P, D, and F
• Representative
  or main S and P Blocks
• Transition D
  Block
• 
  Lanthanide/Actanides F Block
• Families Elements in the same column
  have similar
• or Groups chemical properties because
  of similar
• numbers and
  types of valence electrons
• Alkali metals,
  Alkaline Earth Metals, Chalcogens,
• Halogens,
  Noble gases
• Periods Elements in the same row
  have valence electrons in
• the same
  energy level.