Title: 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Second Edition, Enhanced Chapter 4: Managing Windows XP File Systems and Storage
170-270 MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP
Professional Second Edition, EnhancedChapter
4 Managing Windows XP File Systems and Storage
2Objectives
- Understand basic and dynamic storage
- Understand the drive configurations supported by
Windows XP - Understand the FAT, FAT32, and NTFS file systems
- Understand Windows XP drive, volume, and
partition maintenance and administration - Understand how to manage folder-level properties
- Understand permissions, sharing, and other issues
related to file systems
3File Storage Basics
- Basic storage
- Centers on partitioning physical disk
- Dynamic storage
- New method supported only by Windows XP and
Windows 2000 - Based on volumes, not partitions
- Allows for more flexibility in drive
configurations
4Basic Storage
- Traditional method of dividing a hard drive into
partitions - Partition
- Logical division of the physical space on a hard
drive - Must be formatted before they can be used
5Activity 4-1 Creating a Disk Partition
- Objective Use Disk Management to create a new
partition - Use Computer Management tool to create a
partition - Primary partition
- Can be marked active
- Used to boot the computer
- Extended partition
- Can be subdivided into additional divisions or
drives called logical drives - Cannot be used to boot computer
6Activity 4-2 Activating a Partition
- Objective Use Disk Management to make a
different partition active - Follow instructions to mark partition active
- Volumes
- Two to 32 partitions combined into a single
logical structure formatted with a single file
system - Represented in the operating system by a single
drive letter - Should be as large as file system/OS allows
7Dynamic Storage
- Does not use partitions
- Views an entire physical hard drive as a single
entity - Drives belong to the OS on which they were
created - Existing drives with partitions can be upgraded
to dynamic storage
8Activity 4-3 Creating a New Volume/Activity
- Objective Use the Disk Management tool to create
a new volume and format it with a file system - Follow instructions to create a new volume using
Computer Management
9Activity 4-4 Converting From Basic to Dynamic
- Objective Use Disk Management to convert a basic
disk to a dynamic disk. - Follow instructions to convert drive
10Activity 4-5 Creating a New Volume on a Dynamic
Disk
- Objective Create a volume on a dynamic disk
- Create a new volume on the disk created in the
previous activity.
11Activity 4-6 Extending a Volume
- Objective Use Disk Management to extend a volume
- Volume is extended to cover two drives
- Good technique when drive runs out of space
12Activity 4-7 Reverting From Dynamic to Basic
- Objective Use Disk Management to convert a
dynamic disk back to a basic disk - Volumes on drive must be removed before drive is
converted
13Drive Configurations
- Simple volume
- All or part of a single drive
- Spanned volume
- Two or more parts (up to 32) of one or more
drives, or a volume configuration of two or more
entire drives - Striped volume
- Two or more volumes (up to 32) of one or more
drives or two or more entire drives (up to 32) - Do not provide any fault tolerance
14File Systems
- XP supported file systems
- NTFS
- FAT
- FAT32
15FAT and FAT32
- For backwards compatibility with older systems
- Supports volumes up to 4 GB in size
- Most efficient on volumes smaller than 256 MB
- Root directory can contain only 512 entries
- No file-level compression
- No file-level security
- Maximum file size is 2 GB
16NTFS
- Support for volumes up to 2 TB in size
- Most efficient on volumes larger than 10 MB
- Root directory can contain unlimited entries
- File-level compression
- File-level security
- File-level encryption
- Disk quotas, which are a means to limit drive
space consumption by users
17Converting File Systems
- To convert
- Reformat drive with new file system
- Use Convert utility to convert FAT/FAT32 to NTFS
18Activity 4-8 Converting To NTFS
- Objective Use the CONVERT command to convert a
FAT partition to NTFS - Follow instructions to convert partition
- Proceed only if the conversion of this volume
will not compromise your system
19File Compression
- Ability to compress data on the basis of single
files, folders, or entire volumes - Benefit
- Able to store more data in the same space
- Drawback
- Performance suffers due to compressing and
uncompressing - Must have Full Control to compress object
20Activity 4-9 Compressing and Decompressing A
Folder
- Objective Use Windows Explorer to compress and
decompress a folder and its contents - Practice compressing folders using the folder
Properties
21Disk Management Actions
- Disk Management tool
- All Tasks menu
- Context sensitive menu
- Options to create, remove and configure
- Disks
- Volumes
- Partitions
22Activity 4-10 Changing Drive Letters
- Objective Change the letter assigned to a drive
using the right-click menu - Use Disk Management tool to change drive letter
23Activity 4-11 Deleting a Partition
- Objective Delete a partition
- Follow instructions to use Disk Management to
remove a partition
24Activity 4-12 Deleting a Volume
- Objective Use Disk Management to delete a volume
- Follow instructions to use Disk Management to
remove a volume
25The Properties Dialog Boxes
- Offer additional details and configuration
settings for - Drives
- Volumes
- Partitions
26Drive Letters and Mount Points
- Grant applications and user interface utilities
access to file system resources - A B
- Used for floppies
- C through Z
- Used for local hard drives or mappings for
network shares - Mount point
- Alternative to drive letters
- Connects a FAT/FAT32 or NTFS volume or partition
to an empty directory on an NTFS volume or
partition
27Activity 4-13 Creating a New Mounted Volume
- Objective Create a mount point on an NTFS folder
using Disk Management. Create a new map point to
Partition B
28Activity 4-14 Deleting a Mounted Volume
- Objective Delete the mounted volume that was
created in the last activity
29Disk Cleanup
- Tool used to free up space on hard drives by
removing deleted, orphaned, temporary, or
downloaded files
30Check Disk
- Inspection utility
- Examines disk integrity and locates both logical
and physical errors on a hard drive - Called ScanDisk Check Disk in earlier versions of
Windows - Used after improper shutdown
31Defragmentation
- Fragmentation
- Division of a file into two or more parts
- Each part stored in a different location on the
hard drive - Defragmentation
- Reorganize files so they are stored contiguously
and no gaps are left between files - Disk Defragmenter utility
32FSUTIL
- Powerful command-line utility
- Only used by administrators
- Help and Support Center
- Contains online documentation
33Folder Options
- Used to set the functional and visual parameters
of the folders on the system - General tab
- View tab
- File Types tab
- Offline Files tab
34File System Object Level Properties
- Accessed through
- Properties dialog boxes of folder or object
- Minor differences depending on file system
35NTFS Folder Object
- General tab
- General information (name, size, etc.)
- Sharing tab
- Security tab
36FAT/FAT32 Folder Object
- General tab
- Name, type, location, etc.
- Sharing tab
- Customize tab
37NTFS File Object
- Three common tabs
- General
- Sharing
- Security
- Other tabs depending on object type
38FAT/FAT32 File Object
- General tab
- Other tabs depending on object type
39NTFS-Mounted Volume Object
- General tab
- Sharing tab
- Security tab
- Customize tab
40FAT/FAT32-Mounted Volume Object
- General tab
- Sharing tab
- Customize tab
41Managing NTFS Permissions
- NTFS
- Only file system supported by Windows XP that
offers file-level security - Determines what can be done to a file system
object and who can perform those actions - Different permissions for folders and files
42NTFS File and Folder Permissions
- Read
- Write
- List folder contents
- Read execute
- Modify
- Full control
- Configured on the Security tab of objects
Properties dialog box
43Rules for Working With NTFS Permissions
- NTFS object permissions always apply
- Permissions are cumulative
- Override any contradictory settings on the parent
or container folder - Deny overrides all other specific Allows
44Inheritance of Permissions
- New object assumes permissions of parent
container - Moving or copying an object from NTFS to FAT
- NTFS settings are lost
- Object inherits the FAT attributes and settings
of its new container - Moving or copying an object from FAT to NTFS
- Object inherits NTFS settings and permissions of
its new container
45Troubleshooting Access and Permission Problems
- Most access problems
- Resource object has wrong settings
- Or user account has wrong settings
- Avoid Common problems
- Grant permission only as needed.
- Rely upon NTFS to restrict access
- Grant Full Control only when necessary, even on
shares - Change permissions on a folder level, allow
changes to affect all child elements
46Simple File Sharing
- Used when quick and easy file sharing is needed
- Commonly used in home networks
- No granular permission control
- Effective only when Windows XP is a member of
workgroup - Dragging and dropping folders and drives into
Shared Documents folder
47Managing Shared Folders
- Sharing tab
- Found on both FAT/FAT32 and NTFS folder
Properties dialog boxes - Used to enable remote access
48Activity 4-15 Creating a Share
- Objective Create a share using Windows Explorer
for a specific group - Activity requires that Windows XP be installed
and that an NTFS partition is present.
49Activity 4-16 Creating and Removing a Share
- Objective Use Windows Explorer to create and
then remove a share - Activity requires that Windows XP be installed
and that an NTFS partition is present
50Activity 4-17 Mapping a Network Drive
- Objective Use Windows Explorer to map a drive to
a network share - Activity requires that the Windows XP
Professional be a client on a network with at
least one shared folder available for mapping
51Working With Media Folders and The Customize Tab
- My Documents, My Music, and My Pictures folders
- Default storage locations for
- Documents
- Music files
- Images
- Top-level media folders cannot be altered
- Customize tab
- Used to define type of folder the mount point
represents
52Zipping Files and Compressed Folders
- Zipped files
- Preferred method of moving large or multiple
files around over the Internet - Compressed files that house one or more files
into a single .zip file - Zipping capabilities built into file system of XP
53Burning CDs
- Support for writing files to a blank recordable
CD Included in XP - Ability to duplicate CDs
- Record audio CDs from other audio CDs or music
files (through Windows Media Player) - Erase CD-RWs
54Activity 4-18 Copying Files to a CD
- Objective Use Windows XPs built-in CD-burning
software to copy files from the disk drive to a
CD
55Using Offline Files
- Work with network files when not connected to
network - Does not change normal access methods
- Maintains the duplicate offline version of the
files - Redirections completely unseen by user
56Activity 4-19 Accessing Offline Files
- Objective Make files located on the network
available while not connected to the network - Use Windows Explorer to make files available
offline
57Folder Redirection
- Alter physical storage location of commonly used
folders - Redirect to a network server
- Retain original local access methods
- To configure
- Local users alter location of My Documents folder
- Group policy redirects to a share on a network
server
58Removable Media
- Include any storage device installed onto a
Windows XP system - Tape devices
- DVD and CD-ROM drives
- Optical drives
- Zip and Jaz drives
- Can be configured through Device Manager
59The Microsoft Distributed File System
- Windows 2000 or Windows .NET Server-hosted
service - Manipulate and manage shared resources
- Single hierarchical system
- Single access point for logical tree structure
- No regard to physical location of resources
60Summary
- Volumes and partitions formatted with NTFS, FAT,
or FAT32 - NTFS recommended
- Disk-related utilities are Disk Cleanup, Check
Disk, Disk Defragmenter - File system objects have Properties
- XP includes support for simple file sharing,
zipped files, CD burning, folder redirection,
management of removable media, and DFS