Digital Library Development in the Asia Pacific

1

• Digital Library Development in the Asia Pacific
• Digital Library Future Research
• Case Study in International Disease Surveillance

Hsinchun Chen, Ph.D. ????????, ??? ?? McClelland
Professor, Director, Artificial Intelligence Lab
NSF COPLINK Center Dept. of Management
Information Systems University of Arizona
Acknowledgement NSF DLI1, DLI2, NSDL NIH, NLM,
NCI NSF DG, DOJ, DOD, DHS
2
Outline

• DL After the First Decade
• Asian Digital Library Development
• NSF Cyberinfrastructure Program and NSF Chatham
  Digital Library Workshop
• Case Study International Disease Surveillance
  BioPortal (from FMD to Avian Influenza)

3
Introduction

• Digital libraries represent a form of information
  technology in which social impact matters as much
  as technological advancement.
• Over the past decade the development of digital
  library activities has been steadily increasing.
• International conferences in digital library have
  proliferated from their roots of ACM and IEEE
  Digital Conferences (and then the Joint
  Conference on Digital Libraries, JCDL) to the
  European version of ECDL (European Conference on
  Digital Libraries) and the Asian version of ICADL
  (International Conference of Asian Digital
  Libraries).

4
DLI Program Implementation History
Digital Libraries Initiative Phase 1
(1994-98) Sponsors NSF, DARPA, NASA 76
Proposals, 6 Awards, 25M total Digital Libraries
Initiative Phase 2 (1999-03) Sponsors NSF,
DARPA, NASA, NIH/NLM, NEH Partners IMLS,
Smithsonian Institution, NARA 300 Proposals, 34
Awards, 48M total International Digital
Libraries Cooperative Research Initiative
(1999-03) Sponsors NSF, JISC, DFG 60
Proposals, 16 Awards (6 with JISC, 4 with DFG),
6M NSF total Intl DL Cooperative Research
Initiative and Applications (2002- ) Sponsors
NSF, JISC, DFG 50 Proposals, Awards in process
(4 with JISC, 2 with DFG)
5
Select Digital Library Development Milestones
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Digital Library Development in Asia Pacific (An
ICADL Analysis)
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Overview of ICADL

• ICADL (International Conference of Asian Digital
  Libraries)
• Overview of ICADL
• 80 participants in Hong Kong in 1998 (host CS)
• 150 participants in Taipei, Taiwan in 1999
  (host LIS)
• 300 participants in Seoul, Korea in 2000 (host
  CS)
• 600 participants in Bangalore, India in 2001
  (host LIS)
• 400 participants in Singapore in 2002 (host
  LIS)
• 350 participants in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in
  2003 (host NLM)
• 350 participants in Shanghai, China in 2004
  (host LIS, CS)
• ICADL 2005, Bangkok, Thailand in December 2005

8
Summary on Participation of ICADL Conferences
9
Increase of Papers Accepted in ICADL
10
Increase of Countries Represented in ICADL
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Topical Analysis in ICADL

• Digital library research is not restricted to
  only technical aspects it involves social
  aspects as well.
• From a technological perspective, digital
  libraries are a set of electronic resources that
  are built to help create, search, and use
  information.
• From a sociological perspective, digital
  libraries are constructed by a community of users
  who use the system to better support their
  informational needs and applications. (Borgman,
  1998)

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Topical Analysis Social Aspect

• Multicultural Issues
• In Asian digital library applications, there are
  countless scenarios that involve creating and
  distributing locally produced information
  collections.
• e.g.
• INFLIBNT project aimed at creating a digital
  library of theses and dissertations from India
  (Vijayakumar and Murthy, 2001).
• The Tsinghua University Architecture Digital
  Library developed a prototype system to provide
  rich, valuable resources for traditional Chinese
  architecture research and education (Xing et al.,
  2002).

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Topical Analysis Social Aspect

• Asian Languages and Cross-lingual Issues
• A crucial feature of Asian digital libraries is
  the ability to work in various local languages.
• Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Indian, Malaysian, and
  Thai language processing techniques have been
  reported.
• e.g.
• Wong and Li (1998) and Yang et al. (1998) both
  studied Chinese information retrieval and
  discussed issues related to Chinese language
  indexing techniques.
• Theeramunkong et al. (2002) investigated using
  n-gram and HMM approaches for Thai OCR
  application.

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Topical Analysis Social Aspect

• Asian Languages and Cross-lingual Issues (contd)
• Cross-lingual information retrieval between
  English and Asian languages has been more widely
  studied in ICADL conferences than in other
  western digital library conferences.
• e.g.
• Qin et al. (2003) presented an English-Chinese
  cross-lingual Web retrieval system in the
  business domain.
• Sugimoto (2001) presented a multilingual document
  browsing tool and its metadata creation carried
  out at ULIS.

15
Samples of Significant Digital Library Research
in Asia Pacific Capturing Cultural Heritage and
Indigenous Knowledge
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International Islamic Digital Library Malaysia

• Focus
• To provide information on Islam and Muslims
  around the world
• To act as a referral centre to direct information
  enquiries on Islam to the appropriate sources
• To promote sharing and exchange of knowledge
  among scholars of Islam and those interested in
  it
• To enable the world to understand Islam better
• Partners
• National Library of Malaysia
• Multimedia Development Corporation
• International Islamic
• University Malaysia Library

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International Islamic Digital Library Malaysia

• Contents
• Books,
• Manuscripts
• Special collections,
• Theses and articles,
• Journals and conferences papers,
• Pictures, audios and videos
• Service
• Both in Arabic and English
• Category browse
• Browse search
• Keyword search
• Expert search
• Broadcast search

http//www.iidl.net
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Technology Development for Indian Languages
India

• Focus
• To develop information processing tools to
  facilitate human machine interaction in Indian
  languages and multi-lingual knowledge resources.
• To support RD efforts in the area of information
  processing in Indian Languages and to support
  research on knowledge tools representation,
  integration, compression and learning
  methodologies.
• To consolidate technologies thus developed for
  Indian languages and integrate these to develop
  innovative user products and services.

http//www.tdil.mit.gov.in
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Technology Development for Indian Languages
India

• Funding
• Ministry of Information Technology, India
• Partners
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Hindi,
  Nepali
• Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai Marathi,
  Konkani
• Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati
  Assamese, Manipuri

http//www.tdil.mit.gov.in
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Technology Development for Indian Languages
India

• Contents
• Multi-lingual dictionaries,
• Thesauri,
• Educational software,
• Encyclopedia,
• Gyan-nidhi creative writing system,
• Translation support systems,
• OCR,
• Text-to-speech speech recognition system,
• Pocket translator,
• Personal digital assistants,
• Reading machine for blinds deaf,
• Portals,
• e-governance / e-commerce / e-skills.

http//www.tdil.mit.gov.in
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China Digital Library China

• Focus
• Strengthen and protect the cultural tradition and
  heritage
• Enhance the usage and sharing of information
  resource
• Serve the national projects and related researches

http//www.nlc.gov.cn
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China Digital Library China

• Funding
• 10th Five-year Project
• Ministry of Culture, China
• Partners
• National Library of China
• Tsinghua University
• Peking University
• China Academy of Science
• China Academy of Social Science
• etc. (more than 100 different types of libraries
  and partners)

http//www.nlc.gov.cn
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China Digital Library
http//www.nlc.gov.cn
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Research Directions for Digital Libraries (The
Next Decade)- JCDL 2004, 2005, 2006- NSF
Cyberinfrastructure Program- NSF Chatham
Digital Library Workshop
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Overview of JCDL 2004

• Joint IEEE-CS/ACM Conference on Digital Libraries
  (JCDL), Tucson, AZ
• Theme Global Reach and Diverse Impact.
• Co-Chairs
• Hsinchun Chen, Howard Wactlar, Ching-chih Chen

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Strong Participation in JCDL04
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JCDL 2005 and 2006

• JCDL 2005, Denver, Colorado
• JCDL 2006, Charlotte, North Carolina

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Social Networks,Cyberinfrastructure (CI)and
Meta CI

• Daniel E. AtkinsSchool of Information Dept. of
  Elec. Engr. Comp. Sci.University of
  MichiganAnn Arboratkins_at_umich.eduNovember 2005

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CI Genealogy Movement
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NSF Blue Ribbon Advisory Panel on
Cyberinfrastructure

• a new age has dawned in scientific and
  engineering research, pushed by continuing
  progress in computing, information, and
  communication technology, and pulled by the
  expanding complexity, scope, and scale of todays
  challenges. The capacity of this technology has
  crossed thresholds that now make possible a
  comprehensive cyberinfrastructure on which to
  build new types of scientific and engineering
  knowledge environments and organizations and to
  pursue research in new ways and with increased
  efficacy.

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NSF states intent toplay a leadership role

• NSF will play a leadership role in the
  development and support of a comprehensive
  cyberinfrastructure essential to 21st century
  advances in science and engineering research and
  education.
• NSF is the only agency within the U.S. government
  that funds research and education across all
  disciplines of science and engineering. ... Thus,
  it is strategically placed to leverage,
  coordinate and transition cyberinfrastructure
  advances in one field to all fields of research.
• From NSF Cyberinfrastructure Vision for the 21st
  Century Discovery

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Cyberinfrastructure-enhancedKnowledge
Communities (Networks)
Outcomes New Ideas, New Tools, Education
Career Development, Outreach
Attributes Collaborative, Multidisciplinary,
Geographically Distributed, Inter-institutional
Broader Application to other disciplines and
types of activity.
Specific Cyber Environments collaboratories,
grids, e-science community, virtual teams,
community portal, ...
Cyber-infrastructure Services Equipment,
Software, People, Institutions
Computation, Storage, Communication and Interface
Technologies
From Cummings Kiesler (2003) report on KDI
Initiative ultidisciplinary scientific
collaborations, see http//www.p2design.com/papers
/kdi.pdf
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Cyberinfrastructureincludes both

• Technology Infrastructure (creation and
  provisioning) - middleware, portals, HPC, hybrid
  (IP lambda) networks, ....
• Social Infrastructure (competition cooperation,
  IP policies, incentive structure, cost, etc.)

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From CI Advisory Panel Report
towards functionally complete CKCs
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Transforming the Information Landscape Research
Directions for Digital Libraries
Report of the NSF Workshop on Research Directions
for Digital Libraries

• Ronald L. Larsen
• School of Information Sciences
• University of Pittsburgh

Knowledge Lost in Information, NSF Award No.
IIS-0331314
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Workshop Background

• DLI over, DLI2 winding down
• What is next?
• Did we finish the job? Are we done?
• What have we learned?
• What constitutes DL research?
• Does it influence other disciplines?
• Should DL change from
• Initiative to Program?

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Emerging U.S. Vision for DLs

• Next generation digital libraries will be
• A confluence of resources, technology and
  infrastructure
• An intersection of national priorities and
  scientific goals
• A common testbed for all computer and information
  science research (sub)disciplines
• Federated resources serving individuals,
  institutions and governments simultaneously
• A progression from information to knowledge

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Users

• Cognitive Completion
• MS spell-checker for facts and knowledge
• Task and user context sensitive
• Do what I mean
• Find what I need
• Be aware of what I know
• Collaboration
• Identifying the collegial context
• Providing contextual guidance
• Managing personal libraries
• All that is seen and heard
• Personal memory assistant

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National priorities influence IT research agenda
Advances in Science and Engineering
Information Technology Research
Economic Prosperity and Vibrant Civil Society
National and Homeland Security
Digital Libraries form the Enabling Resources,
Technology Infrastructure
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National priorities influence IT research agenda

• Advances in Science and Engineering
• Advance the frontiers of science and engineering
  research and education
• Examples include those that collect, disseminate,
  and analyze observational or experimental data,
  or data from models or simulations
• Economic Prosperity and Vibrant Civil Society
• Human and socio-technical aspects of current and
  future distributed information
• Topics include business, work, health,
  government, learning, and community, and their
  related policy implications.
• National and Homeland Security
• Robust Information Technology to protect critical
  infrastructures and support the understanding of
  threats to national security
• Examples include collaborative knowledge
  environments, knowledge discovery, medical
  informatics, information extraction and fusion,
  cross-linguality, spoken language and imagery,
  social network analysis

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Recommendations

• 20M / year for new U.S. research
• Search, context, extraction, ubiquity,
  productivity
• 40M /year for sustaining evolving resources in
  the U.S.
• Acquisition, access, usage, stewardship,
  management
• Coordinate with Advanced Cyberinfrastructure
  Program

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DL Research After the First Decade Global
Reach and Diverse Impact!Can DL help with
international security?Can DL help save human
life and improve patient well-being?
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Case Study International Disease Surveillance
-- BioPortal
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BioPortalDisease and Bioagent Information
Sharing, Surveillance, Analysis, and Visualization

• Research Team
• University of Arizona
• University of California, Davis
• Kansas State University
• Arizona Department of Public Health
• University of Utah
• New York State Department of Health/HRI
• California Department of Health Services/PHFE
• U.S. Geological Survey
• The SIMI Group
• Acknowledgements NSF, ITIC, DHS, DOD/AFMIC,
  IDIWC, AZDPS

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Research Partners and Supports

• University of Arizona
• University of California, Davis
• Kansas State University
• University of Utah
• Arizona Department of Public Health
• New York State Department of Health/HRI
• California Department of Health Services/PHFE
• U.S. Geological Survey
• The SIMI Group

• NSF
• CIA/ITIC
• DHS
• DOD/AFMIC
• CDC
• AZDPS

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Outline

• Project Background
• BioPortal V1.0 Achievements
• System Architecture
• System Functionalities
• BioPortal Collaboration Framework
• New Developments
• International Foot-and-mouth Disease Monitoring
• Syndromic Surveillance
• Livestock Health Surveillance

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BioPortal Background
Acknowledgment NSF, ITIC, NYSDH, CDHS,
USGS (Drs. Kvach and Ascher)
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Background (I)

• In September, 2002, representatives of 18
  different agencies, including DOD, DOE, DOJ, DHS,
  NIH/NLM, CDC, CIA, NSF, and NASA, were convened
  to discuss disease surveillance.
• An interagency working group called Disease
  Informatics Senior Coordinating Committee (DISCC)
  was established.
• DISCC established an Infectious Disease
  Informatics Working Committee (IDIWC) to survey
  the field and identify gaps.
• IDIWC developed requirements for a National
  Infectious Disease Informatics Infrastructure
  (NIDII).

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Background (II)

• In June, 2003, IDIWC was charged with the task of
  developing one or more rapid prototype systems to
  demonstrate interoperability and innovation
  across species and jurisdictions.
• Botulism and West Nile virus were selected as
  diseases.
• States of New York and California were selected
  as partners.
• The University of Arizona was chosen as
  integrator and was provided with a supplement to
  an existing NSF grant.

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BioPortal Project Goals

• Demonstrate and assess the technical feasibility
  and scalability of an infectious disease
  information sharing (across species and
  jurisdictions), alerting, and analysis framework.
• Develop and assess advanced data mining and
  visualization techniques for infectious disease
  data analysis and predictive modeling.
• Identify important technical and policy-related
  challenges in developing a national infectious
  disease information infrastructure.

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BioPortal V1.0 Accomplishments

• Prototype system design and development
• Initial design and implementation of
  interoperable messaging backbones
• Live prototype systems
• Preliminary user evaluation
• Information sharing
• Data sharing agreements/memoranda of
  understanding (MOUs) developed
• Many disease datasets integrated into the portal
• Analysis and visualization
• Hotspot analysis research
• Spatial-Temporal Visualizer (STV)

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Information Sharing Infrastructure Design
Portal Data Store (MS SQL 2000)
Data Ingest Control Module Cleansing /
Normalization
Info-Sharing Infrastructure
Adaptor
Adaptor
Adaptor
SSL/RSA
SSL/RSA
XML/HL7 Network
PHINMS Network
New
NYSDOH
CADHS
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Data Access Infrastructure Design
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BioPortal Collaboration Framework

• A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is used to
  document the relationship between parties that
  will be sharing data
• Who the entities are and how they will act
  independently and cooperatively
• What the mutual interests, benefits, and purposes
  of sharing data are
• How each party will maintain control over and
  share their resources, and what each party shall
  provide to the other (e.g., system accounts,
  portal access)
• Which types of data are to be shared (e.g., dead
  bird surveillance)

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Datasets Integrated WNV, BOT
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Communications/Messaging

• Scalable, flexible, light-weight, and extendible.
  Easy to include
• New diseases
• New jurisdictions
• New techniques!
• Messaging infrastructure installed and tested
• NYSDOH-UA PHIN MS
• CADHS-UA Regional message broker
• NWHC-UA PHIN MS
• XML generation/conversion
• NY_DeadBird, NY_Alerts, NY_BotHuman, NY_WNVHuman,
  NY_CaptiveAnimal, NY_Mosquito
• CA_BotHuman, CA_WNVHuman, CA_DeadBird,
  CA_Chicken, CA_Mosquito
• USGS_Epizoo

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BioPortal Research Framework

• BioPortal Demo Develop the system for
  demonstration purposes using scrubbed data.
  Refine system functionality and performance based
  on user feedback.
• BioPortal Operation Develop the system for
  production mode with real data and real users.
• BioPortal Research Continue to develop
  advanced technologies and practical sharing
  policies. Expand to new diseases and
  jurisdictions.

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BioPortal Prototype Systems
60
Spatio-Temporal Data Mining Hotspot Analysis

• A hotspot is a condition indicating some form of
  clustering in a spatial and temporal distribution
  (Rogerson Sun 2001 Theophilides et al. 2003
  Patil Tailie 2004).
• For WNV, localized clusters of dead birds
  typically identify high-risk disease areas
  (Gotham et al. 2001).
• Automatic detection of dead bird clusters using
  hotspot analysis can help predict disease
  outbreaks and aid in effective allocation of
  prevention/control resources.

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Existing Hotspot Analysis Approach SaTScan

• The spatial scan statistical techniques
  implemented in SaTScan are widely used to detect
  and evaluate disease outbreaks (Kulldorff 2001).
• NYSDOH has used SaTScan to develop an early
  warning system for WNV (Gotham et al. 2001).
• An important factor considered by spatial scan
  statistical analysis is the baseline.
• The significance of the density of dead birds
  depends on the historical distribution of bird
  deaths, human population, and so on.

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Other Hotspot Analysis Approaches CrimeStat and
RSVC

• Hotspot analysis techniques applied to crime
  analysis CrimeStat (Levine 2002).
• CrimeStats Risk-Adjusted Nearest Neighbor
  Hierarchical Clustering (RNNH) Uses a kernel
  density estimation obtained from baseline data to
  adjust the threshold that controls whether data
  points can be grouped together.
• Risk-Adjusted Support Vector Machine Clustering
  (RSVC) It combines the power and flexibility of
  support vector machine-based clustering and the
  risk adjustment idea of RNNH.

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Case Study (NY WNV)

• On May 26, 2002, the first dead bird with WNV was
  found in NY
• Based on NYs test dataset

140 records
224 records
March 5
May 26
July 2
new cases
baseline
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Dead Bird Hotspots Identified
66
Hotspot Analysis Findings

• RSVC delivers similar recall levels and higher
  precision than SaTScan.
• RNNH matches RSVC precision, but has very low
  recall.
• RSVC significantly outperforms other methods in
  the F-measure.
• Techniques could be complementary for different
  hotspot analysis tasks.

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Spatial-Temporal Visualization

• Integrates four visualization techniques
• GIS View
• Periodic Pattern View
• Timeline View
• Central Time Slider
• Visualizes the events in multiple dimensions to
  identify hidden patterns
• Spatial
• Temporal
• Hotspot analysis
• Phylogenetic (planned)

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BioPortal New Developments

• NSF Infectious Disease Informatics Grant (2004-9)
• International Foot-and-Mouth Disease BioPortal
  (2005-6) FMD Lab, UC Davis
• Human Syndromic Surveillance System Arizona
  State Department of Health (2005-6)
• Livestock Syndromic Surveillance System Kansas
  State University RSVP-A (2005-6)

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New Research Directions

• Analytical Algorithms
• Prospective hotspot analysis auto baseline
  discovery
• Spatial-Temporal correlation analysis
• Dynamic Network Analysis
• Visualization
• International FMD news visualization
• Phylogenetic Spatial-Temporal visualization
• Syndromic Surveillance
• Syndromic surveillance system survey
• Emergency room chief complaint syndromic
  classification
• Livestock syndromic surveillance

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Extended BioPortal Research Framework

• BioPortal Demo
• BioPortal Operation
• BioPortal Research
• FMD BioPortal A dedicated instance of
  BioPortal customized for International
  Foot-and-Mouth disease monitoring. Additional
  functionalities such as gene sequence analysis
  and FMD News are added
• BioPortal Syndromic Surveillance A specialized
  BioPortal instance that processes chief
  complainants using a hybrid method of ontology
  and knowledge rules
• BioPortal Livestock A BioPortal instance
  devoted in Livestock syndromic surveillance case
  management and data analysis

74
International FMD BioPortal
Acknowledgment DHS, DOD, UC Davis (Drs. Thurmond
and Lynch)
75
Introduction

• Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the top disease
  on the Office International des Epizooties (OIE)
  List A, which can infect all cloven-hoofed
  animals.
• FMD is the most contagious infectious diseases of
  livestock animals
• Massive shedding of virus and contamination of
  the environment.
• Transmitted by direct or indirect contact
  (droplets), animate vectors (humans), inanimate
  vectors (vehicles
• Serologically diverse with seven distinct types
  (A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, Asia1), which makes
  diagnosis and vaccination problematic, and
  genetic diversity likely.
• Endemic in Africa, Asia, Middle East and South
  America
• Potential cost for U.S. outbreaks gt10 billion
• Broader economic impact trade and travel
  restrictions.

76
FMD Information Model
77
International FMD BioPortal Goals

• Real-time, web-based situational awareness of FMD
  outbreaks worldwide through the establishment of
  an international information sharing and analysis
  system
• FMDv characterization at the genomic level
  integrated with associated epidemiological
  information and modeling tools to forecast
  national, regional, and/or international spread
  and the prospect of import into the U.S. and the
  rest of North America
• Web-based crisis management of resourcesfacilitie
  s, personnel, diagnostics, and therapeutics

78
Research Plans

• Global FMD epidemiological data
• (Near) real-time data collection
• Web-based information sharing and analysis
• International FMD news
• Indexed collection of global FMD news
• Search and visualization of the FMD news via the
  web
• FMD genetic/sequence data
• Predictive model using phylogenetic, spatial, and
  temporal information to stop FMD at the boarder
• Visualization for FMD event in time, space, and
  genetic space

79
Preliminary Global FMD Dataset

• Provider UC Davis FMD Lab
• Information sources reference labs and OIE
• Coverage 28 countries globally
• Time span May, 1905 March, 2005
• Dataset size 30,000 records of which 6789
  records are complete
• Host species Cattle, Caprine, Ovine, Bovine,
  Swine, NK, Elephant, Buffalo, Sheep, Camelidae,
  Goat

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Global FMD Coverage in BioPortal
81
International FMD News

• Provider UC Davis FMD Lab
• Information sources Google, Yahoo, and open
  Internet sources
• Time span Oct 4, 2004 present (real-time
  messaging under development)
• Data size 460 events (6/21/05)
• Coverage 51 countries
• (Africa11, Asia16,
• Europe12, Americas12)

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Searching FMD News

• http//fmd.ucdavis.edu/
• Searchable by
• Date range
• Country
• Keyword

83
Visualizing FMD News on BioPortal
84
FMD Genetic Information Analysis

• Genome clustering analysis
• Phylogenetic clustering
• Spatial clustering
• Temporal clustering
• Hotspot detection among gene sequences
• Create a tree structure based on semantic
  distance between gene sequences.
• Automatically detect the dense portion of the
  tree.
• Identify the connection between the semantic
  cluster and the geographic pattern of gene
  sequences.

85
FMD Genetic Visualization

• Goal Extend STV to incorporate 3rd dimension,
  phylogenetic distance
• Include a phylogenetic tree.
• Identify phylogenetic groups and color-code the
  isolate points on the map.
• Leverage available NCBI tools such as BLAST.
• Proof of concept SAT 2 3 analysis
• Data 54 partial DNA sequence records in South
  Africa received from UC Davis FMD Lab
  (Bastos,A.D. et al. 2000, 2003)
• Date range 1978-1998
• Countries covered South Africa, Zimbabwe,
  Zambia, Namibia, Botswana

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Sample FMD Sequence Records
Color-coded View (MEGA3)
Textual View of Gene Sequence
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Phylogenetic Trees
88
Phylogenetic Tree of Sample FMD Data
Group6
Group1
Identify 6 groups within 2 major families (MEGA3
based on sequence similarity)
Group2
Group5
Group4
Group3
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Genetic, Spatial, and Temporal Visualization of
FMD Data
Phylogenetic tree color coded
Isolates locations color coded
Isolates appearances in time
90
FMD Time Sequence Analysis
First family cases appeared throughout the period
2nd family cases exist before 1993 and a comeback
lately
Second family cases existed before 1993 and
reappeared later after 1997
91
FMD Periodic Pattern Analysis
2nd family concentrated in Feb. while 1st family
spread evenly
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Locations of Family 1 records
Selected only groups 1, 2, and 3 and found a
spatial cluster
93
Locations of Family 2 records
Sparse isolate locations
Selected only groups 4, 5, and 6
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BioPortal Future Work

• Complete open source, generic BioPortal
  architecture and system
• Develop multi-lingual BioPortal
• Incorporate other diseases, e.g., avian
  influenza, SARS
• Solicit partners and expand test sites
• Continue infectious disease informatics research

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For more informationBioPortal web site
http//www.bioportal.org
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A Little Promotion
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Library as the PlaceLibrarian in
ContextRole of a librarian in a digital
world?Challenges and opportunities facing the
library and information profession?
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For more informationHsinchun
Chenhchen_at_eller.arizona.eduAI Lab web site
http//ai.arizona.edu