Bagasse Cogeneration: A Coming Renewable Energy Miracle 3 June 2004

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Bagasse CogenerationA Coming Renewable Energy
Miracle?3 June 2004

• Michael Brown Director
• Aurelie Morand Research Executive
• World Alliance for Decentralized Energy (WADE)
• www.localpower.org

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WADE Key Points

• Non-profit organisation created June 2002
• Mission
• To accelerate the deployment of DE systems
  worldwide
• WADE is supported by
• National Cogen/DE organisations
• Cogen/DE companies with international interests
• Caterpillar, Capstone, Solar Turbines, FuelCell
  Energy, MTU, Marubeni, Siemens, Primary Energy,
  Wärtsilä
• UN agencies
• National governments (eg US, Norway, UK, Canada)

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What is Decentralized Energy (DE)?

• Electricity production at the point of use,
  irrespective of size, fuel or technology
  on-grid or off-grid

• High efficiency CHP / cogeneration
• On-site renewable energy
• On-site industrial energy recycling

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Global Cogen / DE DevelopmentData from WADEs
World Survey of DE - 2004
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Electricity Systems Waste 67 of Energy
Electricity Generation Worldwide (TWh)(source
International energy Agency 2002)
Conversion losses fromthermal production 24726
Conversion losses fromthermal production 24726
Coal 17075
Coal 17075
Total primaryenergy input forelectricityproduct
ion40180
Total primaryenergy input forelectricityproduct
ion40180
Energy waste
Oil 3215
Oil 3215
Own use Power plant 963
Own use Power plant 963
Transmission and Distribution Losses 1338
Transmission and Distribution Losses 1338
Gas 8384
Gas 8384
Gross ElectricityProduction15454
Gross ElectricityProduction15454
Net ElectricityProduction 14491
Net ElectricityProduction 14491
Industry 5683
Industry 5683
Electricity deliveredto customers13153
Electricity deliveredto customers13153
Renewable, biomass, geothermal 1024
Renewable, biomass, geothermal 1024
Nuclear 7777
Nuclear 7777
Non Industry 7470
Non Industry 7470
Hydro 2705
Hydro 2705
Less than 33 efficiency of the electricity
system. Less than 30 in many developing
countries (around 10-15 in India including
commercial losses)
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Its Official - the Cogeneration Scenario is
Cheaper and Cleaner
OECD Investment in Reference (BAU) and
Alternative Policy Scenarios, 2001-2030
20 lower investment need CO2 emissions remain
at 2000 level

• Alternative scenario
• More cogeneration
• More efficiency
• More renewables
• IEA comment
• However, the reliance on more expensive
  generating options in the Alternative Policy
  Scenario is likely to result in higher
  electricity prices.

Source International Energy Agency, 2003
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World - Retail Cost per kWh for New Capacity to
2020
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The Worlds Top Sugarcane Producers
Cuba
The Philippines
50 of global production
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Sugarcane a Source of Energy
1 tonne sugarcane
1.2 barrels of oil

608 x 103 kCal (ethanol source)
Sugar 153 kg
Bagasse (50 moisture) 276 kg
598 x 103 kCal (fuel for cogeneration)
Straw (15 moisture) 165 kg
512 x 103 kCal (fuel for cogeneration)
1,718 x 103 kCal
1 barrel of oil 1,386 x 103 kCal
Global cane production 1.7 billion barrels /
year Saudi Arabia oil production 3.1 billion
barrels / year
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How Does it Work?

• Mill heat / steam demand is great
• Sizing cogen plant to meet this demand gives
  surplus electricity
• If surplus can be sold, plant can be sized
  optimally to maximise efficiency and increase
  profitability

Cogen SP
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Upgraded Cogeneration Facilities Produce Much
More Energy
Winrock International
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Bagasse Cogeneration - the Benefits are Profound

• Economic
• Improved commercial performance of sugar industry
• High efficiency of energy conversion
  cogeneration
• Cogeneration is local reduced network costs and
  losses
• Improved supply to local businesses and
  communities
• Social
• Increased rural employment
• Increased access to electricity supply
• Environmental
• Reduced GHG emissions (especially in coal burning
  countries)
• Reduced particulate emissions

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The Benefits Quantified
WADE
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India

• 500 sugar mills 1250-10,000 TCD
• 2/3 of bagasse currently wasted
• Progress in late 90s reversed in 2000
• MERC feed-in tariff 0.067 / kWh
• Currently 710 MW Potential for at least 5GW
• Country with highest CDM Potential

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Brazil

• Initial development prompted by 1970s oil crises
• Most in São Paulo State (40 mills)
• Potential for 12GW installed, of which 6GW in SP.
• PROINFA feed-in tariffs (c. 32-58 / MWh)
• 11 CDM Projects

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Global Market Potential
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WADE Recommendations

• Electricity market regulatory issues
• Financial and tax incentives
• Promotion of CDM opportunities
• Further research into gasification