WHAT IS BIOENGINEERING

1
WHAT IS BIOENGINEERING?

• Bruce C. Wheeler, Interim Head
• Bioengineering Department
• University of Illinois
• at Urbana-Champaign

2
Bioengineering is Exceptionally Diverse

• While viewing the next dozen slides, try to
  identify the kinds of knowledge needed to work on
  the projects.
• You should conclude that no one is able to learn
  more than a fraction of what is called
  bioengineering.
• Consequently, you should be aware of this
  breadth, but focus on the area of greatest
  interest to you.

3
What is Bioengineering?

• Any Area of Biology
• Mixed with
• Any Area of Engineering
• In
• Any Proportion

4
Example Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• Electrical Engineers electromagnetics
• Computer Engineers/Scientists computation
• Physiologists biological function
• Chemists new imaging agents
• Psychologists mental function
• Physicians medical implications

5
More Bioengineering Examples

• Artificial Skin
• Materials Scientist artificial polymers
• Cell Biologist tissue reaction
• EKG Machine
• Engineers electronics
• CS automated diagnosis
• Physician medical design
• Pharmaceutical Production
• Molecular Biologist receptor / ligand
  identification
• Genetic Engineer induce bacteria to produce
  molecules
• Chemical Engineer scaleup of production

6
Examples of Engineers in Medicine and Biology

• Materials Science Implants (e.g. artificial
  hip) 
• Electrical Engineering Cardiac Signals
• Computer Science computer data bases, programs,
  bioinformatics
• Computer Engineering computer design for CAT
  scanners
• Physics basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

7
Examples of Engineers in Medicine and Biology

• Chemical Engineering Pharmaceuticals
• Mechanical Engineering Rehabilitation Devices
• Nuclear Engineering Radiology
• Civil Engineering Environmental problems
• Agricultural Engineering Food Processing

8
Areas Emerging inEngineering of Biology

• Bioinformatics (Genetic / Proteomic Data Base,
  Design, Inquiry)
• BioMolecular Modeling
• Genetic Engineering of Animals
• Genetic Engineering of Proteins, Drugs
• Cell and Tissue Engineering
• Neural Engineering
• Biomaterials

9
Programs Related to Bioengineering

• Environmental Engineering
• Sponsored by the Dept. of Civil and Environmental
  Engineering (http//cee.ce.uiuc.edu/)
• Includes water, soil, air quality control and
  protection
• Agricultural and Biological Engineering
• Sponsored by the Dept. of Agricultural and
  Biological Engineering (http//www.age.uiuc.edu/)
• Includes food processing, farm and indoor
  environmental control

10
More Programs Related to Bioengineering

• Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering
  Department and Degree Program
• Biomaterials concentration in Materials Science
  and Engineering
• Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department
  and Degree Program

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What Do I Need to Study to be a Bioengineer?

• Short Answer 1 Everything
• Short Answer 2 Depends
• -- on what interests you most

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What Do I Need to Study?

• Mathematics
• Calculus through Differential Equations
• Physics (calculus based)
• Mechanics, Electromagnetics, Modern Physics
• Chemistry
• Through Organic and Biochemistry
• Biology
• Strong in Molecular Biology, but also Cellular
  and Systems Physiology

13
What Do I Need to Study?Traditional Approaches
1 and 2

• Choose one major and one minor from traditional
  disciplines
• 1. Engineering Side Electrical Engineering,
  Mechanical, Chemical, Materials, Nuclear,
  Computer Science
• 2. Life Science Side Molecular and Cellular
  Biology, Physiology, Cell Biology, Microbiology
• Anticipate possible need for one more year to
  double major to achieve career objectives

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Major in the area you like better ...

• "If you could be either an engineer or a
  biologist, but not both, which would it be?"
• Major in that field ... and minor in the other.
• Yes, you can go to Biomed. Eng. grad school from
  either the Life Sciences or Engineering
• but not if you do not have the basics
  calculus, physics, chem, biochem, at least some
  beginning engineering coursework and some
  beginning life science coursework

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Approach 3 Bioengineering DegreeUIUC for the
Class of 2008, 2009

• Math, physics, chemistry, biology core, CS
• Bioengineering Core
• Instrumentation/circuits, biomaterials,
  biomechanics
• Concentration in one of
• Engineering discipline EE, ME,
• Life science discipline Physiology, Cell Biology
  
• Topical area microsensors, bioinformatics,
  tissue engineering,
• Anticipate possible need for an extra year to
  receive the MS degree to achieve career objectives

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Why the Extra Year of Study?

• Theres too much to learn in four years
• Four years will prepare you for
• Graduate school
• Medical school (if courses are well-chosen)
• Engineering in a traditional major, including
  applications in biomedical area
• Life science positions, including applications
  with significant engineering components
• But not for
• Bioengineering positions in which advanced
  knowledge in both life science and engineering
  are required

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General Recommendations

• Essential Preparation Includes
• Science Fundamentals Chem, Biol, Physics, Math
• Academic Concentration a major in an engineering
  discipline or in Molecular and Cellular Biology
• Enthusiasm junior / senior research project
• Existing majors will launch students into
  bioengineering careers, medical or graduate school

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What Can Traditional Engineering Students Study
in the Bioengineering Related Areas?

• Major in MatSE (biomaterials concentration),
  NucE (radiology curriculum), ChemE (molecular
  biology option coming soon), EE (lots of BioE/ECE
  electives), Gen Eng (BioE secondary field), CS
  (application sequences in Bio, Biochem), ME,
  Aero, TAM ...
• Minor in Bioengineering (21 hrs)

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Notes for Engineering Students who want to study
Bioengineering

• Dont forget to take enough Chemistry
• If you have AP credit for Chem 102/103, talk to
  the Chemistry advisors about lab experiences and
  how best to prepare for Organic Chem and Biochem
• AP Biology Credit does not cover the minor but it
  is better preparation than having taken nothing
• MCB 103 (Human Physiology) and MCB 150 are good
  courses to find out if you like biology enough to
  pursue bioengineering
• Look at what the MCB students take to understand
  how much biology you need

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Medical School for Engineers

• Yes, many Engineers do so. Acceptance rates are
  good, but medical school is very competitive.
• If you only want to go to med school, choose LAS
  Biology.
• Premeds dominate Bioengineering Degree Programs
  across the U.S.
• See the Career Services Office Immediately to
  Plan your Courses, Volunteering, Etc.

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What Can LAS Life Science Students Study in
Bioengineering Related Areas?

• Major in Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB)
• Emphasis in Bioinformatics
• Calculus, Physics, Chem (thru Biochem)
• Biology (16 hours molecular bio emphasis)
• Computation/Modeling electives (9)
• Consult with Life Science Advising Office About
  Ways to Tailor your Coursework toward
  Bioengineering
• Other emphases cell develop. biology,
  physiology, biophysics, microbiology
• For students who entered in 2000 or earlier
• Bioengineering Option in Life Sciences
  curriculum
• http//www.life.uiuc.edu/mcb/undergraduate/index.h
  tml

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Notes for LAS Life Science Students Who Wish to
Pursue Bioengineering

• Take calculus based physics 211/212/213/214
• An incomplete list of engineering related courses
  you should consider taking
• BIOE related BIOE 414/415 Bioinstrumentation
  BIOE 475, 417 Neural Modeling BIOE 280/480
  Medical Imaging, MRI BIOE 471 Biomaterials BIOE
  406 Biomechanics CHBE 472/473 Biomolecular Engr
  
• Engineering Basics ECE 205/6 Circuits/Lab ECE
  473/474 Acoustics/Ultrasonics CS
  101/110/125/225/257/400/411 beginning thru data
  bases and numerical techniques PHYS 404/405
  Electronic Circuits TAM 210/211/212 Mechanics
  fundamentals MSE 280 Intro to Materials
• Remember that most BS Bioengineering degree
  students take at least 30 hours of engineering
  courses beyond physics, calculus, chem

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Suggestions for MCB Students

• Consider Bioinformatics/Computational Biology or
  Biophysics Emphasis (approx. 75 hours)
• Take calculus based Physics (211,212,213,214) and
  calculus through Dif Eq (220,230,242,385)
• General Education 25 hours additional
• Remaining 20 to 30 hours for electives including
  building a bioengineering concentration
• Take CS 101 and CS 400 (7 hrs non-CS majors)
• For reference Min Hours to Graduate LAS 120
  Engrg 128 (typical).

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Suggestions for New MCB Students Focused Use of
Electives Minor in Engineering (an unauthorized
proposal)

• Prerequisites
• Math 220/230/242/385
• Physics 211/212/213/214
• Chem 102/103/104/105
• Courses for the Minor
• ECE 205/206 Electronic Circuits
• CS 101, 400 Programming, Data Structures
• TAM 210, 212 Statics Dynamics
• ME 300 or MATSE 401 Thermodynamics
• MATSE 280 Intro Materials

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Suggestions for MCB Students Focused Use of
Electives ECE/BioEn Emphasis

• Take as many as possible
• ECE 205 (3 hrs Circuits), GE 320 (4 hrs Control
  Systems)
• BioEn 414/415 (3/2 hrs Bioinstrumentation Lab)
• ECE 473 (3 hrs Acoustics)
• ECE 475 (3 hrs Modeling Biological Systems)
• Total 18 hours

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Suggestions for MCB Students Focused Use of
Electives MechE/BioEn Emphasis

• Take as many as possible
• TAM 211/212/251 (3/3/3 hrs Statics/Dynamics/
  Solid Mechanics)
• ME 498 EH1 (3 hrs Modeling of Musculoskeletal
  Biomechanics)
• Bioen 406 (3 hrs Orthopedic Biomechanics)
• Bioen 461 (4 hrs Cellular Biomechanics)
• Bioen 471 (3 hrs Biomaterials)
• Total 22 hours

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Suggestions for MCB Students Focused Use of
Electives Biomaterials Emphasis

• Take as many as possible
• MatSE 201/206 (3/4 hrs Phase Relations/
  Mechanics)
• MatSE 401/406 (4/3 hrs Thermodynamics)
• MatSE 470/472 (3/1 hrs Design of Biomaterials /
  Lab)
• MatSE 473 (3 hrs Biomolecular Mat. Sci.)
• Total 21 hours

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Suggestions for MCB Students Focused Use of
Electives Life Science Emphases

• Take as many as possible
• Choose additional courses from the Emphases in
  Physiology, Cell Structural Biology or
  Microbiology

Engineering or Computer Science Emphases

• Pick an Existing Engineering Major
• Take as many as possible of the courses in that
  major typically you will be able to take
  sophomore and junior level courses

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For more information

• Bioengineering Student Society
• EMBS Engineering in Medicine and Biology
• -- get on the Email List Today!

• Bioengineering Office
• 3120 DCL
• 1304 W. Springfield
• Urbana IL 61801
• 333-1867
• bioen_at_uiuc.edu