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Fault Tolerant Sensor Network Routing for Patient Monitoring

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Title: Fault Tolerant Sensor Network Routing for Patient Monitoring

1
Fault Tolerant Sensor Network Routing for
Patient Monitoring

Shanshan Jiang, Annarita Giani, Allen Yang, Yuan
Xue, and Ruzena Bajcsy

Vanderbilt University University of California at
Berkeley TRUST Autumn 2008 Conference November
11th, 2008
2
Outline

Motivation
System and Network Architecture
System Prototype and Implementation
Network and Routing Model of the Backbone Network
Optimization-based Routing Restoration of the
Backbone Network
Performance Evaluation

3
Motivation

Aging population
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the number
of people over the age of 65 is expected to hit
70 million by 2030, having doubled since 2000.
Health care expenditures
Health care expenditures in the United States are
projected to rise to 15.9 of the GDP (2.6
trillion) by 2010.
The cost of health care for the nations aging
population has become a national concern.

4
Motivation

Wireless Sensor Networks
Deploy wearable sensors on the bodies of patients
in a residential setting
Continuously monitor physiological signals (such
as ECG, blood oxygen levels) and other health
related information (such as physical activity)
Advantages
Shift from a clinic-oriented, centralized
healthcare system to a patient-oriented,
distributed healthcare system
Reduce healthcare expenses through more efficient
use of clinical resources and earlier detection
of medical conditions
Challenges
Performance, Reliability, Scalability, QoS,
Privacy, Security
More prone to failures, caused by power
exhaustion, software and hardware faults, natural
disasters, malicious attacks, and human errors
etc.

Provide fault-tolerant wireless communication
that can satisfy both the performance and
reliability requirements
5
Outline

Motivation
System and Network Architecture
System Prototype and Implementation
Network and Routing Model of the Backbone Network
Optimization-based Routing Restoration of the
Backbone Network
Performance Evaluation

6
System and Network Architecture
7
System and Network Architecture
Lower Tier Body Sensor Network Upper Tier
Multi-hop Wireless Backbone
Network
8
Outline

Motivation
System and Network Architecture
System Prototype and Implementation
Network and Routing Model of the Backbone Network
Optimization-based Routing Restoration of the
Backbone Network
Performance Evaluation

9
System Prototype and Implementation

Hardware Devices

Software Design

10
System Prototype Experiment
11
Outline

Motivation
System and Network Architecture
System Prototype and Implementation
Network and Routing Model of the Backbone Network
Optimization-based Routing Restoration of the
Backbone Network
Performance Evaluation

12
Network Model of the Backbone Network

Backbone Network Performs Sensor Data Routing and
Forwarding
Network and Interference Model
Topology G(V, E)
All nodes have a uniform transmission range and
interference range
Two edges interfere with each other if they have
two nodes within the interference range of each
other
Traffic Demand Model
df is the traffic demand of flow f, which is an
aggregation amount of all the sensor data
received at the sender of flow f
Be routed over multiple paths
xf(e) denotes the amount of flow fs traffic
being routed on link e

Backbone Network
13
Routing Model of the Backbone Network

Metric for routing performance
Minimum Flow Throughput Scaling Factor
The minimum, over all flows, of the actual flow
throughput being routed divided by its throughput
demand
Optimal Routing Formulation

amount of traffic received at the destination
node rf
wireless channel constraint (necessary scheduling
condition)
flow conservation conditions
14
Outline

Motivation
System and Network Architecture
System Prototype and Implementation
Network and Routing Model of the Backbone Network
Optimization-based Routing Restoration of the
Backbone Network
Performance Evaluation

15
Optimization-based Routing Restoration

Discover Alternate Paths Bypassing the Failed
Nodes
Reactive Restoration
Not reserve any network resource
Deal with failures only when they occur through
network resource reallocation
Application
Resource-limited System that allows performance
degradation upon failures
Proactive Restoration
Reserve additional resources a priori
Provide certain performance assurance for the
rerouted flows with a shorter restoration time
Application
Life-critical System
Admission Control
Result in a lower network utilization before
failure occurs
Need to know the worst-case node failure
situations

16
Optimization-based Routing Restoration

Global Restoration
All flows will be rerouted in order to get an
optimal utilization of the network
All flows have to be notified with the failure
information
End-to-end Restoration
The flows from the failed path will be diverted
to a number of paths from its source to the
destination
Failure information has to be propagated to the
source nodes of the disrupted flows
Local Restoration
Uses a set of bypaths to route around the failed
node locally
The restoration is locally activated