Superconducting Magnet R

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Superconducting Magnet RDoverview
US LHC Accelerator Research Program

brookhaven - fermilab - berkeley

• Alexander Zlobin, Fermilab
• For BNL-FNAL-LBNL Collaboration

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LHC upgrade goals and phases

• Nominal baseline parameters
• -luminosity Lnom1034 cm-2 s-1
• -beam energy Enom7 TeV per beam
• LHC upgrade goals
• -luminosity L(3-10)?Lnom
• -beam energy E(1.5-2)?Enom
• LHC upgrade phases
• -Phase 1 luminosity upgrade with hardware
  changes outside the arcs
• -Phase 2 energy and luminosity upgrade with
  major hardware changes throughout LHC accelerator
  complex
• At present time US LHC ARP is mainly focused on
  the preparation to and participation in the LHC
  luminosity upgrades

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Luminosity upgrade recipes

• Reduce ?
• Increase crossing angle
• Increase beam intensity
• ? L3.3?1034 cm-2 s-1
• Halve bunch length
• ? L4.7?1034 cm-2 s-1
• Double number of bunches
• ? L9.4?1034 cm-2 s-1
• Reduce longitudinal emittance
• The IRs are among the systems limiting the LHC
  performance. Replacement of the existing inner
  triplets is a key step to higher luminosity.
• The present LHC IR quadrupoles have a radiation
  lifetime of 6-7 years at nominal luminosity. We
  must be prepared to replace them by about 2014.

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Inner triplet designs

• Two fundamental inner triplet designs
• -single-bore inner triplet followed by the
  separation dipoles
• -Double-bore inner triplet with separation
  dipoles first
• Two approaches to the LHC high-luminosity inner
  triplet upgrade
• - present inner triplet optic layout with new
  single, large-bore high gradient quadrupoles and
  correctors
• - new inner triplet optic layout with twin,
  moderate-aperture high gradient quadrupoles and
  correctors and very high field separation dipoles

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What kind of magnets do we need?

• In all upgrade scenarios we need new IR quads and
  correctors, and in case of D1 first
  high-performance separation dipoles
• Target parameters and operation conditions of
  upgraded LHC high-luminosity IRs push magnet
  technology to the limits that exceed the present
  level of IR magnet technology
• The magnet RD program address the following
  issues
• IR magnet design
• SC strand, cables and components
• Technology
• Performance

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Magnet RD program goals

• Evaluate possibilities and limitations of
  luminosity upgrade related to the IR SC magnets
  (in collaboration with AP group)
• Develop high performance prototypes and
  technologies of superconducting magnets for
  high-luminosity inner triplets including
• Large-aperture, high gradient quadrupoles
• High-field beam separation dipoles and/or strong
  correctors
• Program focuses on Nb3Sn, large-aperture
  quadrupoles.
• Initial program is to develop technologies, not
  specific designs.
• Specific design choices will be made after
  several years of magnet RD and related
  accelerator design studies.

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Magnet RD directions

• 1. Magnet RD
• Issues optimal magnet designs (IRQ, correctors,
  separation dipoles) and performance
• 2. Superconductor and cable RD
• Issues Nb3Sn strand and cable design and
  parameters for IR magnets
• 3. Technology RD
• Issues wind-and-react (baseline approach) vs.
  react-and-wind technique for Nb3Sn IR magnets
• More details will be presented in the separate
  presentations.

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Conceptual Design Studies

• FY 2002-2004
• Establish magnet target parameters (with US and
  CERN AP groups).
• Aperture, field strength, field quality, single
  vs. twin aperture, coil geometry,
• Develop and compare different design and
  technological approaches for quads, dipoles and
  correctors.

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Experimental RD

• FY 2003-2009
• Magnet RD
• Fabrication and tests of 70 mm shell-type Nb3Sn
  quadrupole models using existing mechanical
  design and tooling for baseline IR quadrupoles.
• Fabrication and tests of 90 mm shell-type Nb3Sn
  quadrupole models based on D20 tooling.
• Fabrication and tests of simple Nb3Sn quadrupole
  models based on racetrack coils
• Development and study of final IR quadrupole
  short models.
• Long coil problem studies, life-time tests.
• Start development of large aperture, high-field
  dipoles and/or correctors depending on
  collaborative interest by CERN and KEK.
• SC and cable RD
• Evaluation of different Nb3Sn strands.
• Development and optimization of Nb3Sn cables for
  IR model magnets.
• Technology RD
• Investigation of react-and-wind and
  wind-and-react technologies.
• Technology optimization for final magnet designs.

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Full-scale prototypes

• FY 2009-2011
• Final design decisions follow initial LHC
  operational experience.
• Fabrication and tests of large-aperture single or
  twin-aperture quadrupoles (final design and
  technology) full length in prototype cryostat.
• Fabrication and tests of large-aperture dipoles
  and/or correctors (depending on collaborative
  interest by CERN and KEK).

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Magnet RD Program schedule

• The number of models is consistent with the
  program goals.
• It will be corrected depending on
• budget available
• results achieved
• collaboration interests

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Milestones

• FY2004
• selection of the new IR optics, baseline magnet
  design and technology, SC cable and components
• correction of the material and technology RD
• FY2006
• start dipole/corrector RD in collaboration with
  CERN
• FY2008
• start the prototype design including the magnet
  cryostat
• FY2011
• Final design report
• deliverable complete design package, ready to
  manufacture.
• decision on LHC high-luminosity IR upgrade plan
  and schedule (CERN)
• who (US, CERN, KEK, industry) builds which IR
  upgrade magnets.
• decision on next phases of LHC upgrade

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BNL/FNAL/LBNL Collaboration

• The work will be performed by the collaboration
  of magnet groups from three U.S. national Labs.
  BNL, LBNL and Fermilab have
• strong magnet teams capable of efficiently
  solving complex problems related to the SC
  accelerator magnet design and technology
  development, magnet fabrication and tests
• unique infrastructures that allows extensive
  engineering, fabrication and testing of SC magnet
  models and prototypes, structural material and
  component studies including SC strands and cables
• SC accelerator magnet programs which has already
  resulted in developing innovative magnet designs
  and techniques, and obtaining unique experimental
  data related to magnet and component performance
  parameters
• We are planning to involve universities and
  industry in the RD (especially in SC and
  material development).
• Collaboration basic principle The Program is
  driven primarily by the technical considerations
  to meet the US LHC ARP goals, and will be carried
  out based on optimal use of the three labs
  resources.

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Collaboration with CERN and non-U.S. Labs

• The work will be performed in collaboration with
  CERN and other non-U.S. magnet groups working in
  the field of superconducting accelerator magnet
  technologies.
• Nature of collaboration with CERN and KEK yet to
  be established.
• US-CERN-KEK collaboration meeting on IR upgrade,
  11-12 March 2002.
• The status of Nb3Sn high field magnet development
  in 3 U.S. Labs (Fermilab, BNL, LBNL), CERN and 3
  European institutions (CEA/Saclay-France,
  INFN-Italy and Twente University- Netherlands)
  and KEK, and future plans have been reviewed.
• All magnet groups demonstrated interest to the
  development of high field accelerator magnets for
  the LHC upgrades. However, a lack of funding and
  concentration of all resources on the LHC
  construction do not allow performing this work at
  CERN during next 4-5 years.
• Second meeting is planned for November 2002.

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Why do we need LHC ARP Magnet RD?

• It is generic since it addresses the most
  important issues related to the IR designs for
  high luminosity machines.
• It is practical since it is related to a real
  machine.
• It extends the expertise of BNL, Fermilab and
  LBNL in IR magnet designing, fabrication and
  testing.
• It is an opportunity to develop new Nb3Sn
  accelerator magnet technology and use it in a
  real machine.
• It stimulates industry in development of new
  materials, and Nb3Sn strands and cables for HEP.

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Outcome of the LHC IR magnet RD

• US LHC collaboration
• magnet and component specifications needed for
  the detailed design of new LHC high-luminosity
  IRs
• the designs and technologies of Nb3Sn quadrupoles
  and other magnets suitable for the LHC
  high-luminosity IR upgrade
• the IR quadrupole cold-mass full-scale prototype
  and tooling
• the cost and the schedule for the LHC IR upgrade
• VLHC program
• the conceptual design and the cost of the VLHC
  interaction regions will be justified
• strong international collaboration of accelerator
  physicists and magnet developers will exist