EFFECTS BASED APPROACH TO OPERATIONS EBAO

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EFFECTS BASED APPROACH TO OPERATIONS (EBAO)
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AIM

• To introduce you to basic concepts relating to
  the Effects Based Approach to Operations (EBAO)

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REFERENCE

• B-GL-300-001/FP-001 Land Ops, Chap 5, Sect 4

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MAIN TEACHING POINTS

• Definition
• Effects Based Approach to Operations
• Glossary
• EBAO Myths
• EBAO Model
• Tactical level
• Measurement of Effects
• Means of Measurement
• Effects
• Illustration of EBAO

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DEFINITION

• EBA is the way of thinking and specific
  processes, integrated in both the physical and
  psychological plane, that focus on outcomes
  (effects) rather than activities to enable both
  the integration and effectiveness of the military
  contribution within a comprehensive approach and
  the realisation of operational and strategic
  outcomes.
• In other words, The EBA process is the
  organization of activities to achieve planned,
  desired and measurable effects that will realize
  objectives and ultimately meet the mission end
  state.
• Land Ops p 5-19

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GLOSSARY

• Objectives prescriptive typically stated in
  terms of friendly goals and actions
• Effect physical or behavioral state of a system
  that results from an action, a set of actions or
  another effect its a condition for achieving
  an associated objective (operational or
  strategic)
• Task (multinational term - Action) a directive
  statement used to assign a discrete action or set
  of actions to an organization that allows a
  mission or function to be accomplished

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WHY EBAO?

• It enables us to use all the tools of our
  military and Canadian Institutions (like CIDA,
  DFAIT, RCMP and CSC) in the Comprehensive
  Approach mindset
• Focus is on the end-state
• EBAO requires us to constantly assess the
  situation and adjust in order to reach the
  desired end-state

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EBAO DOES NOT

• Replace the OPP (Operational Planning Process)
• Prevent the use of Objectives
• Micro-manage Component activities
• Provide the answer to everything

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THE EBAO MODEL
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THE MODEL IN THE BIGGER PICTURE
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TACTICAL LEVEL

• For us, mission command still applied.
• (Doctrinal approach to the conduct of
  operations)
• Any change for us? No, we conduct operations
  using Fires (Tank, Inf and/or artillery etc) and
  Influence Activities (PSYOPS, CIMIC, etc) across
  multiple agencies. (Like having a DFAIT field
  officer working within a District Centre)

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EFFECTS

• Assessment is key to Effect Based Approach to
  Operation (EBAO)
• You will hear two acronyms in the EBAO world -
  MOP and MOE
• MOP (Measure of Performance) a criterion to
  evaluate how we are evaluating the accomplishment
  of a task.
• MOP Are we doing things right ?
• MOE (Measure of Effectiveness) a criterion to
  evaluate how effective we are to affecting the
  target behaviour
• MOE Are we doing the right things?

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HIERARCHY.. FROM THE BOTTOM UP

• We conduct Actions (MOPs)
• Against Systems or Subsystems (Target)
• To achieve Effects (MOEs)
• That Support Objectives (Given by the commander)
• That, when satisfied, will comprise the desired
  end state/represent mission accomplishment

If you value it, you measure it!
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MEANS OF MEASUREMENT

• Surveys (written and verbal/face-to-face)
• Opinion polls (internal sources or independent
  source)
• Focus groups
• Suggestion boxes
• Reports from selected individuals representative
  of the target audience
• Observations and collections

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CATEGORIES OF EFFECTS

• Direct Effects
• The consequence of activities unaltered by
  intervening events or mechanisms
• Indirect
• The consequences of an activity that occur as a
  result of the application of a direct effect that
  is removed in time or purpose from the initial
  point of application

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INTENDED AND UNINTENDED EFFECTS

• Intended effects are those that are planned in
  relation to the activities conducted and support
  the desired objective
• Unintended effects are those that were not
  foreseen and/or desired by the related activities

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SECOND AND THIRD ORDER EFFECTS

• These are the intended or unintended effects
  which relate to consequences of a direct effect

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EXAMPLE

• Activity
• Direct Effect
• Intended Second OrderEffect
• Intended Third Order Effect
• Unintended Second Order Effect
• Unintended Third OrderEffect

• Dropping leaflets
• Causes enemy soldiers to desert
• Their unit becomes ineffective
• That particular area becomes undefended
• The amount of prisoners of war (PWs) becomes
  unmanageable for the advancing coalition
• The advance becomes stalled

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QUESTIONS?