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Study on Intimate Partner Violence: Culturally Competent Services for Latinos in New Jersey

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What are the characteristics and needs of Latina immigrants victims of IPV in NJ? ... Subjects: 73 immigrant Latinas victims of MFIPV ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Study on Intimate Partner Violence: Culturally Competent Services for Latinos in New Jersey


1
Study on Intimate Partner Violence Culturally
Competent Services for Latinos in New Jersey
  • Maria J. Zarza, Ph.D.
  • Teresa Santana, M.A.

2
Background
  • IPV is a public health concern in the U.S. and
    worldwide (Bachman, 2000 World Health
    Organization, 2000)
  • Death of women last year in the U.S. (MFIPV Vs
    FMIPV) and NJ
  • Death of men last year in the U.S. (FMIPV Vs
    MFIPV) and NJ
  • Death of Latinos in last year in the U.S.A.
  • Annual cost of IPV estimated in 67 billion
    (Miller, Cohen Wiersema, 1996)
  • Findings on prevalence of IPV in Latinos vs other
    groups is contradictory Double in Latinos
    (Straus Smith, 1990) vs similar prevalence
    (Kaufman Kanton, Jasisnki Aldarondo, 1994)
  • Scientist seem to agree on the urgency and
    severity of the problem of IPV in the Latino
    community (Perilla, 1999 Amaro.

3
Background
  • Identified risk factors in the literature
  • History of Violence in childhood (Schafer,
    Caetano, Cunradi, 2004 Straus Yodanis, 1996
    Widom, 1989).
  • SES (poverty, unemployment, low education levels)
  • Socioeconomic and power imbalance between men and
    women
  • psychological factors (impulsivity, cognitions,
    attitudes, perception of retaliation capacity,
    mental health (pathological jealousy, stress,
    etc.)
  • Substance abuse Alcohol (MFIPV)
  • Immigration Acculturation process and stress
    incrementing IPV in Latino families

4
  • IPV Model for Latinos
  • (Schafer, Caetano Cunradi, 2004)

M.alcohol
M.chAB
MFIPV
M.impul
F.chAB
F.alcohol
FMIPV
F.impul
5
Services for Latinos in NJ (Mercer County)
There is serious lack of health and human
services programs meeting the needs of Latinos in
NJ. IPV has been described as one of the five
most severe problem in the community
(Escobar-Haskins,2004).
  • Batterers Intervention Programs
  • (Catholic Charities El Centro de Recursos para
    Familias)
  • Compassion Workshop (Stosny, 1995)
  • Trauma healing and Anger Management
  • Victims Services
  • (Womanspace, La Casa de Don Pedro, El Centro)
  • Intervention based on feminist theories that
    explain IPV as caused by the imbalance of power
    between male and female.
  • Model Duluth Model of Power and Control
    Empowering women
  • Cycle of Power and Control (Walker, 1979) based
    on White women.

6
Research questions
  • Goal Contribute to the service improvement for
    Latinos in New Jersey
  • What are the characteristics and needs of Latina
    immigrants victims of IPV in NJ?
  • What are the associated risk factors related to
    the occurrence of MFIPV in immigrant Latinas?
  • Test the model (Shafer, Caetano Cunradi, 2004)
    to explain the variance of three dependant
    variables Emotional, physical and sexual abuse.

7
Method
  • Subjects 73 immigrant Latinas victims of MFIPV
  • Procedure The Center for Hispanic Policy
    Research and Development (a Division of the
    Department of Community Affairs) facilitated
    contact with 30 community-based organizations in
    New Jersey at the service of Latinos and Victims
    of IPV. Around 10 of these organizations
    participated in the study.
  • Agencies Camden, Trenton, Newark, Princeton, New
    Brunswick, Hightstown, Atlantic City.
  • Data collection individually
  • Protection of Human Subjects No victims in
    emergency situation, crisis shelter or living in
    temporal residential centers participated in the
    study. Confidential set of questionnaires were
    provided.

8
Variables and measurements
  • Demographics
  • SES
  • Alcohol and other drugs
  • Areas of conflict
  • Degree of MFIPV
  • History of Violence

9
Analysis
  • The phase of analysis consists of
  • 1) Descriptive and frequency analysis of
    demographic factors and other variables.
  • 2) Correlation analysis to identify related risk
    factors
  • 3) Multiple regression analysis to test the
    Schafer, Caetano Cunradi (2004) model to
    explain the variance for the levels of MFIPV in
    a) emotional, b) physical and c) sexual abuse in
    the sample, and d) all three levels of abuse
    combined.

10
Instrument Variables
  • 1) Demorgraphic Questionnaire Closed ended
    qualitative questions (age, number of children,
    employment status, country of origin, residencey
    status in the United States, etc.) of the victims
    and their partners. In addition to the following
    variables were included
  • Level of education, economic status (City of
    Trenton, 1998), Consumption of alcohol and other
    drugs.
  • 2) Family Conflict evaluation Questionnnaire and
    the search for help on belhalf of the victim.
  • Area of conflict money, household
    responsibilities, childrens education, sexual
    relations.
  • Level of emtional violence consist of seven
    questions on conduct (e.g. Indicate the number
    of times that your partner insulted you,
    humiliated you in public, etc.) where the
    participants select from the differet frequencies
    (never, 1 or 2 times, from 3 to 6 times, from 7
    to 15 times, from 16 to 25 times and more than 25
    times). The victim also had an option to describe
    other forms of emotional abuse as well as the
    frequency of the abuse that occured in their
    relationship.
  • Level of physical violence consists of eleven
    conduct questions (e.g. indicate the number of
    times that your partner hit you, kicked you,hit
    you with an object, etc.) where the participants
    select between different frequencies (never, 1 or
    2 times, from 3 to 6 times, from 7 to 15 times,
    from 16 to 25 times and more than 25 times). In
    addition, the victim had the option of describing
    other acts of physical violence and the frequency
    of the violent acts that occurred in their
    relationship.
  • Level of sexual violence consists of three
    conduct questions (e.g. indicate the number of
    times that your partnerpressured you or has
    forced you to have sex against your will,
    conducted humiliating and/or painful sexual acts,
    etc.) where the participants select between
    different frequencies (never, 1 or 2 times, from
    3 to 6 times, from 7 to 15 times, from 16 to 25
    times and more than 25 times). In addition, the
    victim had the option of describing other acts of
    sexual violence and the frequency of the sexual
    violent acts that occurred in their relationship.
  • 3) Evaluation questionnaire on the history of
    maltreatment in childhood
  • Level of violence that existed in the family of
    the male partner the evaluation of the presence
    of a) violence between the parents (emotional
    and physical) and b) parental violence towards
    the male partner (emotional and physical) when he
    was a child. There are a total of eight items
    with four grade levels (0 never, 1 sometimes,
    2 many times, 3 very frequently). Finally,
    the points of everl level was analyzed to
    determine the level of total violence in
    childhood, violence between the parents and the
    child.
  • Level of instability in the families of the male
    partner the evaluation of the abandonment of the
    male on behalf of the father or mother, martial
    infidality on behalf of the father or mother,
    etc. Was conducted. The participants answered
    whether the above had occurred (1) or not (0).
    The answers are analyzed in order to obtain the
    level of instability in the male partners family.

11
Undocumented 38
Low paid Jobs
Poverty 50 a 75
Lack of transportation 40 at least
Marginzalized Urban areas 95.9
Young women 36
Not fluent in English 56.9
Lack of Medical insurance 40 at least
Isolated from family, culture, friends
12
Use of Services
  • 46.6 Never reported the abuse to the police.
  • 20.6 Never talked about the abuse with anyone
    (47.2 female friends, 35.6 sisters, 28.8
    mother, 26.4 other relatives, 19.4 father, and
    18.3 neighbors)
  • 44.6 rested in bed after a battering, however
  • Only 29.2 use the emergency services of a
    hospital.
  • 12.3 were hospitalized after the battering at
    least once.
  • 47.9 Never talked about the abuse to a social
    worker, counselor, therapist, doctor or priest.

13
Bivariate Correlation Analysis
Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level
Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level
Correlation is significant at the 0.001 level
14
Multivariable Regression Analysis
Dependent variable Level of Abuse
Dependent variable Level of Emotional Abuse
Dependent variable Level of Physical Abuse
Dependent variable Level of Sexual Abuse
15
Conclusions and recommendations
  • Conclusions
  • Immigrant Latinas victims of MFIPV and their
    children are highly isolated and vulnerable for
    chronic abuse, poverty, mental and physical
    health problems, deportation, and other serious
    consequences of abuse and isolation.
  • There is a high demand of services designed
    specifically for Latinos (victims and
    perpetrators) in NJ
  • The risk factors for emotional, physical and
    sexual abuse can be different.
  • Alcohol use and impulsivity are important risk
    factors to explain MFIPV (emotional, physical and
    sexual abuse).
  • The male history of child abuse is also related
    significantly to emotional abuse, however is not
    as a strong predictor of MFIPV.

16
Recommendations for service improvement
  • Consideration of substance abuse and impulsivity
    in addition to the child abuse factor in the
    intervention.
  • Consideration of socio-demographic
    characteristics and barriers language, cultural
    issues, immigration status, transportation,
    poverty, child-care, etc. in the program design
    and implementation (i.e. affidavit for victims in
    a deportation process).
  • Importance of strong outreach to recruit victims
    and families in struggle community, church,
    women groups, providing activities other than IPV
    community education, etc.
  • Colaboración en la comunidad Latino
    professionals, volunteers, giving a voice to
    survivors of violence, etc.
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