Title: Permian Basin Reef and Basin Fill West Texas and New Mexico
1Permian Basin Reef and Basin Fill West Texas and
New Mexico
- Explained using a framework of genetically
related carbonate, clastic and evaporitic facies
geometries and their bounding surfaces
Christopher G. St. C. Kendall, 2005
2CARBONATE HIERARCHY - UNITS
- SHELF COMPLEX Mix of shelf, shelf margin
adjacent basin facies evolving in response to
complete complex cycles of changing base level
paleogeography - MARGIN COMPLEX Shelf, shelf margin adjacent
basin facies evolving in response to a cycle in
changing base level - STACKED CYCLES OF BEDS Vertical character of
beds from varying depositional settings - BEDDING Internal character including lithology,
geometry, sedimentary structures, and fauna - ALLOCHEMS Lthological components, their
cementation diagenesis
3Lecture Conclusions
- Shelf has wide spread continuous sheets that tend
to shoal up - Outer shelf- heterogeneous carbonates with mix
of linear bodies parallel to basin
perpendicular to it! Local build up lenses. - Inner shelf- dominated by mud prone sheets with
evaporites or clastic channels and sheets - Margin Massive and heterogeneous, most porous
but least prone to seal - Down slope sheets that thin down slope may be
grain prone in distal portions - Basinal couplets of mud and silt from mix of
pelagic and shelf sources - Evaporite couplet from basin isolation
4Guadalupe Mtns - West Face Salt Flats
Capitan Reef Slope
Salt Flat
Kendall Photo
5Guadalupe Mtns - West Face
Reef Fore Reef
Basinal Clastic Turbidites
Kendall Photo
6Scholle, 1999
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8Basin Margin Massive Lst
Shoaling Upward Shelf Cycles
Shoaling Upward Sabkha Cycles
Basin Slope Lst Clastic Cycles Thin Basinward
Thin Basinal Clastics Lst
Kendall Photo
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14Geometry of Carbonates - Ramp
15Ramp to Rim Evolution-A response to Basin
Starvation
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20Sitting Bull Falls
Carlsbad Caverns
McKittrick Cayon
View of Guadalupe Mts. from Salt Flat
Rader Conglomerate
Turbidite Fans of The Delaware Mountain Group
21Brushy Canyon Sands
22Guadalupe Mtns - West Face
Capitan Reef Slope
Victorio Peak Margin Slope
Kendall Photo
23Guadalupe Mountains
- Permian
- Clastic Basin Fill
- Carbonates
- Evaporites
24Carbonate depositional settings
- Shelf
- Outer more normal marine
- Inner restricted
- Shelf margin crest
- Margin slope
- Basin
25Scholle 1999
EUSTASY
After Ross Ross, 1988 - Scholle, 1999
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29Guadalupe West Face
Capitan Reef
Capitan Reef Slope
Kendall Photo
30Guadalupe West Face
Capitan Reef
Capitan Reef Slope
Kendall Photo
31West Face Victorio Peak
Cherry Canyon Sands
Cut Off Channel
Victorio Peak Ramp Slope
Kendall Photo
32West Face Victorio Peak
Cut Off Channel
Victorio Peak Ramp Slope
Kendall Photo
33West Face Cut Off
Mega Breccia with Sand
Kendall Photo
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35Cherry Canyon Formation
Mega Breccia with Sand
Kendall Photo
36West Face - Cutoff
Displaced Megabreccia
Brushy Canyon Sands
Kendall Photo
37West Face Channel in Bone Spring
Carbonate Channel
Kendall Photo
38West Face Channel in Bone Spring
Carbonate Channel
Kendall Photo
39Bone Springs - Cut Off - Contact
Base of Cut Off
Slope Sediments
Base of Slope Permian Basin
Kendall Photo
40Bone Springs - Cut Off - Contact
Base of Cut Off
Slope Sediments
Base of Slope Permian Basin
Kendall Photo
41Bone Springs - Cut Off - Contact
Channel cut
Slope Sediments
Kendall Photo
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44Beaubeouf His Diagram!
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49West Face Margin SlopePermian Basin
Reef Fore Reef
Margin Clastic Turbidites
Kendall Photo
50El Capitan Base of Slope Permian Basin
Reef Fore Reef
Margin Clastic Turbidites
Kendall Photo
51El Capitan with Brushy Canyon Fm in Foreground
- Permian Basin
Reef Fore Reef
Margin Clastic Turbidites
Kendall Photo
52Delaware Mountains Basin Fans
Deepwater Channel
Channel Sands
Kendall Photo
53Brushy Canyon Group - Base of Slope Permian Basin
Margin Clastic Turbidites
Kendall Photo
54Brushy Canyon Group - Base of Slope - Permian
Basin
Margin of submarine fan channel incised into
"overbank". Channel fill with amalgamation as
well as flowage injection of sand into the
surrounding strata of the channel walls.
U.S. Highway 62-180 south of Guadalupe Pass
Kendall Photo
55Brushy Canyon - Permian Basin
Margin Clastic Turbidites
Kendall Photo
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57PermianBasinCrossSection- Scholle 1999
58Guadalupe Mts Margin Slope
Fore-slope
Marginal Clastics
Kendall Photo
59Carbonate Ramp
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62Cherry Canyon Formation
Channel cut
Base of Slope Permian Basin
Kendall Photo
63Guadalupe Slope - Mouth of McKitrick
Bell Canyon Sands
Kendall Photo
64Guadalupe Slope - Mouth of McKitrick
Bell Canyon Sands
Kendall Photo
65Scholle 1999
66West Face Margin of Permian Basin
Kendall Photo
67Carbonate depositional settings
- Shelf
- Outer more normal marine
- Inner restricted
- Shelf margin crest
- Margin slope
- Basin
68Guadalupe Margin S of Pine Spring
Capitan Reef
Delaware Mt Group Slope
Kendall Photo
69Guadalupe Shelf Big Canyon
Capitan Reef
Capitan Reef Slope
Photo Scholle, 1999
70Guadalupe Shelf Big Canyon
Back Reef Tansill Cycles
Massive Capitan Reef
Kendall Photo
71Guadalupe Slope - Mouth of McKitrick
Massive Capitan Reef
Capitan Reef Slope
Kendall Photo
72Guadalupe Slope - Mouth of McKitrick
Capitan Reef Slope
Kendall Photo
73Guadalupe Slope - Mouth of McKitrick
Capitan Reef Slope
Bioherm or Reef Debris
Kendall Photo
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75Rader Turbidite
Cherry Canyon Formation
Kendall Photo
76Base of Slope Permian Basin
7 km basinward from shelf margin the Bell
Canyon Formation sandstones enclose Rader
Conglomerat U.S. Highway 62-180 approx 2 km
south of McKittrick Canyon, TX. intersection
Kendall Photo
77Rader Conglomerate Bell Canyon
Kendall Photo
78Base of Slope - Rader Conglomerate
Kendall Photo
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80Carbonate depositional settings
- Shelf
- Outer more normal marine
- Inner restricted
- Shelf margin crest
- Margin slope
- Basin
81Base of Slope Permian Basin
Kendall Photo
82Scholle, 1999
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85Carbonate depositional settings
- Shelf
- Outer more normal marine
- Inner restricted
- Shelf margin crest
- Margin slope
- Basin
86Scholle, 1999 after Babcock
87Guadalupe Shelf Slaughter Canyon
Back Reef Cycles
Massive Capitan Reef
Kendall Photo
88Massive Capitan Reef Fabric
Kendall Photo
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91Capitan Reef Walnut Canyon
Sponges
Archeolithoporella
Photo Scholle, 1999
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93Archaeolithoporella Coating Sponges
Capitan Reef
Sponges
Archeolithoporella
Kendall Photo
94Marine Aragonite replaced by Calcite
Kendall Photo
95Archaeolithoporella Coating Sponges
Marine Aragonite replaced by Calcite
Kendall Photo
96Capitan Reef Walnut Canyon
Archeolithoporella
Neptunian Dike
Photo Scholle, 1999
97Guadalupe Shelf Slaughter Canyon
Back Reef Cycles
Massive Capitan Reef
Kendall Photo
98Peter Scholle His Diagram!
99Carbonate depositional settings
- Shelf
- Outer more normal marine
- Inner restricted
- Shelf margin crest
- Margin slope
- Basin
100Seven Rivers Fm - Slaughter Canyon W. Texas
Kendall Photo
101Tansill Fm - Dark Canyon
Green Calc Algae - Mizzia
Kendall Photo
102Tansill Fm Walnut Canyon N.Mx
Kendall Photo
103Tansill Fm - Wanut Canyon New Mexico
Kendall Photo
104Seven Rivers Fm Slaughter Canyon
Kendall Photo
105Kendall Photo
106Tansill Fm - Dark Canyon New Mexico
Kendall Photo
107Tansill Fm - Dark Canyon New Mexico
Kendall Photo
108Tansill Fm - Dark Canyon New Mexico
Kendall Photo
109Tansill Fm - Dark Canyon New Mexico
Kendall Photo
110Tansill Fm - Dark Canyon New Mexico
Kendall Photo
111Walnut Canyon Tepees
Kendall Photo
112Walnut Canyon Tepee at Cave!
Kendall Photo
113Yates Fm - Dark Canyon - New Mexico
Megapolygon Saucers with Upturned Margins
Vertical Cycles of Supratidal Pisolitic
Fenestral Lst
Aeolian Silt
C. G. St. C. Kendall Photo, 1967
114Tansill Fm Walnut Canyon N.Mx
115Yates Fm - Walnut Canyon - New Mexico
Aeolian Silt
Kendall Photo
116Yates Fm - Walnut Canyon - New Mexico
Megapolygon Saucers with Upturned Margins
Vertical Cycles of Supratidal Pisolitic
Fenestral Lst
Aeolian Silt
Kendall Photo
117Yates Fm - Dark Canyon - New Mexico
Kendall Photo
118Yates Fm - Dark Canyon - New Mexico
Kendall Photo
119Yates Fm - Walnut Canyon - New Mexico
Kendall Photo
120Yates Fm - Walnut Canyon - New Mexico
Kendall Photo
121z
Yates Fm - Walnut Canyon - New Mexico
Internal Marine sediment
Kendall Photo
122Yates Fm - Walnut Canyon - New Mexico
Kendall Photo
123Yates Fm Walnut Canyon
Internal Marine sediment
Kendall Photo
124Yates Fm - Dark Canyon - New Mexico
Kendall Photo
125Folk Loucks Aragonite replaced by Calcite - NW
Shelf
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128Coastal Bay J. Dhanna - UAE
Marine Travertine
Purser Loreau Photo
129Coastal Bay J. Dhanna - UAE
Supratidal Crust
Purser Loreau Photo
130Lake McLeodW. Australia
Sub Tidal Springs
Mounds
Kendall Photo
131Lake McLeod W. Australia
Marine Spring
Kendall Photo
132Lake McLeod W. Australia
Marine Spring
133Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Fill
Kendall Photo
134Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Drape
135Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Drape
136Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Drape
137Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Drape
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139Carbonate depositional settings
- Shelf
- Outer more normal marine
- Inner restricted
- Shelf margin crest
- Margin slope
- Basin
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141Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Quartz Silt
Gypsum
Dolomite
142Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Gypsum
Shoaling Upward Salt Flat Cycles
Quartz Silt
Dolomite
Photo Scholle, 1999
143Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Quartz Silt
Gypsum
Dolomite
Kendall Photo
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146Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Dolomite
Gypsum
Quartz Silt
Kendall Photo
147Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Upper Tidal Flat Dolomite
Sabkha of the Guadalupian Permian Seven Rivers
Formation, of the Seven Rivers Embayment, New
Mexico.
Sabkha Cycle
Supratidal Gypsum
Windblown Fluvial Silts
Kendall Photo
148Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Upper Tidal Flat Dolomite
Supratidal Dolomite
Collapse Breccia Aeolian Silts
Sabkha of the Guadalupian Permian Seven Rivers
Formation, Dark Canyon, New Mexico.
Kendall Photo
149Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Upper Tidal Flat Dolomite
Collapse Breccia Aeolian Silts
Sabkha of the Guadalupian Permian Seven Rivers
Formation, Rocky Arroyo New Mexico.
Kendall Photo
150McElroy Field Greyburg/San Andres Fm
Scholle. 1999
151Seven RiversFm-New Mexico
Collapse Breccia Aeolian Silts
Quartz Silt
Kendall Photo
152Major coastal provinces of United Arab Emirates
bathymetry of Southern Arabian Gulf in fathoms
(modified from Purser, 1973).
153Western Coastal Margin of the United Arab Emirates
Western Coast of the United Arab Emirates
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155High Intertidal Cyanobacterial Flats
Intertidal Carbonate Flats
Earlier High Energy Beaches
Supratidal Sabkha Evaporites
156Intertidal Sand Mud Flats
Tidal Channels
Hardgrounds
Beach Ridges
Cyanobacterial Mats
Sabkha
157Washover Sediments
Anhydrite
Cyanobacterial Peat
158Seven RiversFm-Dark Canyon-New Mexico
Intraclast
Cyanobacterial Mat
Kendall Photo
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160Cyanobacterial Mats
Kendall Photo
161Cyanobacterial Mats
Micrite Storm Lamina
Kendall Photo
162Carbonate Shelf -Gas Escape-Seven Rivers
Fm-New Mexico
After James
Kendall Photo
163Carbonate depositional settings
- Shelf
- Outer more normal marine
- Inner restricted
- Shelf margin crest
- Margin slope
- Basin
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165Permian Basin
166Castille Fm New Mexico
El Capitan Peak
Basinal Gypsum
Kendall Photo
167Castille Fm New Mexico
Light layers are Gypsum
Dark layers are Dolomite
Kendall Photo
168Castille Fm New Mexico
Crenulated Light Layers are Gypsum after
Anhydrite
Dark layers are Dolomite
Kendall Photo
169Restricted Playas Basin Evaporites
- Match sea level of Lowstand and Transgressive
System Tract - Matrix poor
- Deeper parts of the isolated evaporite basin
- Extensive bodies
- Thin interbedded fabric reflects seasonal
evaporative cycles of circum basin climate
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171Open Marine Shelf
Restricted Tidal Flats Lagoon
Margin Slope
Basin Fill
172Last Chance Canyon
Kendall Photo
173Last Chance Canyon
San Andres Margin
Base of Slope
Kendall Photo
174Last Chance Canyon
San Andres Margin
Base of Slope
Kendall Photo
175Last Chance Canyon
San Andres Margin
Base of Slope
Kendall Photo
176Last Chance Canyon
By pass Turbidite
Kendall Photo
177Downlap Surface
Last Chance Canyon
Kendall Photo
178Last Chance Canyon
By pass Turbidite
Kendall Photo
179By pass Turbidite
Last Chance Canyon
Kendall Photo
180Carlsbad Caverns
Carlsbad Cave
Prickly Pear
Kendall Photo
181Carlsbad Caverns
Stalactites
Travertine
Kendall Photo
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185Carbonate depositional settings
- Shelf
- Outer more normal marine
- Inner restricted
- Shelf margin crest
- Margin slope
- Basin
186Lecture Conclusions
- Shelf has wide spread continuous sheets that tend
to shoal up - Outer shelf- heterogeneous carbonates with mix
of linear bodies parallel to basin
perpendicular to it! Local build up lenses. - Inner shelf- dominated by mud prone sheets with
evaporites or clastic channels and sheets - Margin Massive and heterogeneous, most porous
but least prone to seal - Down slope sheets that thin down slope may be
grain prone in distal portions - Basinal couplets of mud and silt from mix of
pelagic and shelf sources - Evaporite couplet from basin isolation
187Hierarchy of Carbonate Shelf Architectural
Elements
PROGRADING MARGIN
ONLAPPING MARGIN
PROGRADING MARGIN
PROGRADING MARGIN
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189Carbonate depositional settings
- Shelf
- Outer more normal marine
- Inner restricted
- Shelf margin
- Margin slope
- Basin
190MARGIN
RESTRICTED
OPEN MARINE
SLOPE
SHELF
BASIN
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194Basin
Ramp
Open Shelf
Restricted Shelf
195Basin
Open Shelf
Rim
Restricted Shelf
196Scholle, 1999
197Scholle, 1999
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204Capitan Reef
Goat Seep Reef
205Scholle after Ward et al, 1983
Cross Section of Central Basin Platform
206El Capitan Base of Slope Permian Basin
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224Lecture Ends!!
225Tansill Fm Walnut Canyon N.Mx
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227Carbonate depositional settings
- Shelf
- Outer more normal marine
- Inner restricted
- Shelf margin
- Margin slope
- Basin
228OPEN MARINE
229Outer Shelf Geometries
- Sediment types are heterogeneous Ooids,
grapestones hardened pellets to bioclastic
grain shoals to patch reef shoal build ups - Shoaling upward cycles common
- Bedding
- Unconfined sheets but heterogeneous character
- Local confined Channel fill
- Local confined Lens shaped build ups
- Fauna heterogeneous and moderately cosmopolitan
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234Tansill Fm Walnut Canyon N.Mx
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236Shelf CycleJames
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238Carbonate Shelf Cycle
After James
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240Carbonate Shelf Aeolian Updip
After James
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245Geometry of Carbonates - Ramp
246Carbonate Ramp
247EVOLUTION FROM LOW SLOPE RAMPTO
STEEPRIM-BASINSTARVATIONINACTION
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