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Permian Basin Reef and Basin Fill West Texas and New Mexico

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Title: Permian Basin Reef and Basin Fill West Texas and New Mexico


1
Permian Basin Reef and Basin Fill West Texas and
New Mexico
  • Explained using a framework of genetically
    related carbonate, clastic and evaporitic facies
    geometries and their bounding surfaces

Christopher G. St. C. Kendall, 2005
2
CARBONATE HIERARCHY - UNITS
  • SHELF COMPLEX Mix of shelf, shelf margin
    adjacent basin facies evolving in response to
    complete complex cycles of changing base level
    paleogeography
  • MARGIN COMPLEX Shelf, shelf margin adjacent
    basin facies evolving in response to a cycle in
    changing base level
  • STACKED CYCLES OF BEDS Vertical character of
    beds from varying depositional settings
  • BEDDING Internal character including lithology,
    geometry, sedimentary structures, and fauna
  • ALLOCHEMS Lthological components, their
    cementation diagenesis

3
Lecture Conclusions
  • Shelf has wide spread continuous sheets that tend
    to shoal up
  • Outer shelf- heterogeneous carbonates with mix
    of linear bodies parallel to basin
    perpendicular to it! Local build up lenses.
  • Inner shelf- dominated by mud prone sheets with
    evaporites or clastic channels and sheets
  • Margin Massive and heterogeneous, most porous
    but least prone to seal
  • Down slope sheets that thin down slope may be
    grain prone in distal portions
  • Basinal couplets of mud and silt from mix of
    pelagic and shelf sources
  • Evaporite couplet from basin isolation

4
Guadalupe Mtns - West Face Salt Flats
Capitan Reef Slope
Salt Flat
Kendall Photo
5
Guadalupe Mtns - West Face
Reef Fore Reef
Basinal Clastic Turbidites
Kendall Photo
6
Scholle, 1999
7
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8
Basin Margin Massive Lst
Shoaling Upward Shelf Cycles
Shoaling Upward Sabkha Cycles
Basin Slope Lst Clastic Cycles Thin Basinward
Thin Basinal Clastics Lst
Kendall Photo
9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
Geometry of Carbonates - Ramp
15
Ramp to Rim Evolution-A response to Basin
Starvation
16
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17
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18
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19
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20
Sitting Bull Falls
Carlsbad Caverns
McKittrick Cayon
View of Guadalupe Mts. from Salt Flat
Rader Conglomerate
Turbidite Fans of The Delaware Mountain Group
21
Brushy Canyon Sands
22
Guadalupe Mtns - West Face
Capitan Reef Slope
Victorio Peak Margin Slope
Kendall Photo
23
Guadalupe Mountains
  • Permian
  • Clastic Basin Fill
  • Carbonates
  • Evaporites

24
Carbonate depositional settings
  • Shelf
  • Outer more normal marine
  • Inner restricted
  • Shelf margin crest
  • Margin slope
  • Basin

25
Scholle 1999
EUSTASY
After Ross Ross, 1988 - Scholle, 1999
26
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27
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28
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29
Guadalupe West Face
Capitan Reef
Capitan Reef Slope
Kendall Photo
30
Guadalupe West Face
Capitan Reef
Capitan Reef Slope
Kendall Photo
31
West Face Victorio Peak
Cherry Canyon Sands
Cut Off Channel
Victorio Peak Ramp Slope
Kendall Photo
32
West Face Victorio Peak
Cut Off Channel
Victorio Peak Ramp Slope
Kendall Photo
33
West Face Cut Off
Mega Breccia with Sand
Kendall Photo
34
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35
Cherry Canyon Formation
Mega Breccia with Sand
Kendall Photo
36
West Face - Cutoff
Displaced Megabreccia
Brushy Canyon Sands
Kendall Photo
37
West Face Channel in Bone Spring
Carbonate Channel
Kendall Photo
38
West Face Channel in Bone Spring
Carbonate Channel
Kendall Photo
39
Bone Springs - Cut Off - Contact
Base of Cut Off
Slope Sediments
Base of Slope Permian Basin
Kendall Photo
40
Bone Springs - Cut Off - Contact
Base of Cut Off
Slope Sediments
Base of Slope Permian Basin
Kendall Photo
41
Bone Springs - Cut Off - Contact
Channel cut
Slope Sediments
Kendall Photo
42
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43
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44
Beaubeouf His Diagram!
45
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46
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47
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48
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49
West Face Margin SlopePermian Basin
Reef Fore Reef
Margin Clastic Turbidites
Kendall Photo
50
El Capitan Base of Slope Permian Basin
Reef Fore Reef
Margin Clastic Turbidites
Kendall Photo
51
El Capitan with Brushy Canyon Fm in Foreground
- Permian Basin
Reef Fore Reef
Margin Clastic Turbidites
Kendall Photo
52
Delaware Mountains Basin Fans
Deepwater Channel
Channel Sands
Kendall Photo
53
Brushy Canyon Group - Base of Slope Permian Basin
Margin Clastic Turbidites
Kendall Photo
54
Brushy Canyon Group - Base of Slope - Permian
Basin
Margin of submarine fan channel incised into
"overbank". Channel fill with amalgamation as
well as flowage injection of sand into the
surrounding strata of the channel walls.
U.S. Highway 62-180 south of Guadalupe Pass
Kendall Photo
55
Brushy Canyon - Permian Basin
Margin Clastic Turbidites
Kendall Photo
56
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57
PermianBasinCrossSection- Scholle 1999
58
Guadalupe Mts Margin Slope
Fore-slope
Marginal Clastics
Kendall Photo
59
Carbonate Ramp
60
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61
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62
Cherry Canyon Formation
Channel cut
Base of Slope Permian Basin
Kendall Photo
63
Guadalupe Slope - Mouth of McKitrick
Bell Canyon Sands
Kendall Photo
64
Guadalupe Slope - Mouth of McKitrick
Bell Canyon Sands
Kendall Photo
65
Scholle 1999
66
West Face Margin of Permian Basin
Kendall Photo
67
Carbonate depositional settings
  • Shelf
  • Outer more normal marine
  • Inner restricted
  • Shelf margin crest
  • Margin slope
  • Basin

68
Guadalupe Margin S of Pine Spring
Capitan Reef
Delaware Mt Group Slope
Kendall Photo
69
Guadalupe Shelf Big Canyon
Capitan Reef
Capitan Reef Slope
Photo Scholle, 1999
70
Guadalupe Shelf Big Canyon
Back Reef Tansill Cycles
Massive Capitan Reef
Kendall Photo
71
Guadalupe Slope - Mouth of McKitrick
Massive Capitan Reef
Capitan Reef Slope
Kendall Photo
72
Guadalupe Slope - Mouth of McKitrick
Capitan Reef Slope
Kendall Photo
73
Guadalupe Slope - Mouth of McKitrick
Capitan Reef Slope
Bioherm or Reef Debris
Kendall Photo
74
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75
Rader Turbidite
Cherry Canyon Formation
Kendall Photo
76
Base of Slope Permian Basin
7 km basinward from shelf margin the Bell
Canyon Formation sandstones enclose Rader
Conglomerat U.S. Highway 62-180 approx 2 km
south of McKittrick Canyon, TX. intersection
Kendall Photo
77
Rader Conglomerate Bell Canyon
Kendall Photo
78
Base of Slope - Rader Conglomerate
Kendall Photo
79
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80
Carbonate depositional settings
  • Shelf
  • Outer more normal marine
  • Inner restricted
  • Shelf margin crest
  • Margin slope
  • Basin

81
Base of Slope Permian Basin
Kendall Photo
82
Scholle, 1999
83
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84
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85
Carbonate depositional settings
  • Shelf
  • Outer more normal marine
  • Inner restricted
  • Shelf margin crest
  • Margin slope
  • Basin

86
Scholle, 1999 after Babcock
87
Guadalupe Shelf Slaughter Canyon
Back Reef Cycles
Massive Capitan Reef
Kendall Photo
88
Massive Capitan Reef Fabric
Kendall Photo
89
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90
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91
Capitan Reef Walnut Canyon
Sponges
Archeolithoporella
Photo Scholle, 1999
92
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93
Archaeolithoporella Coating Sponges
Capitan Reef
Sponges
Archeolithoporella
Kendall Photo
94
Marine Aragonite replaced by Calcite
Kendall Photo
95
Archaeolithoporella Coating Sponges
Marine Aragonite replaced by Calcite
Kendall Photo
96
Capitan Reef Walnut Canyon
Archeolithoporella
Neptunian Dike
Photo Scholle, 1999
97
Guadalupe Shelf Slaughter Canyon
Back Reef Cycles
Massive Capitan Reef
Kendall Photo
98
Peter Scholle His Diagram!
99
Carbonate depositional settings
  • Shelf
  • Outer more normal marine
  • Inner restricted
  • Shelf margin crest
  • Margin slope
  • Basin

100
Seven Rivers Fm - Slaughter Canyon W. Texas
Kendall Photo
101
Tansill Fm - Dark Canyon
Green Calc Algae - Mizzia
Kendall Photo
102
Tansill Fm Walnut Canyon N.Mx
Kendall Photo
103
Tansill Fm - Wanut Canyon New Mexico
Kendall Photo
104
Seven Rivers Fm Slaughter Canyon
Kendall Photo
105
Kendall Photo
106
Tansill Fm - Dark Canyon New Mexico
Kendall Photo
107
Tansill Fm - Dark Canyon New Mexico
Kendall Photo
108
Tansill Fm - Dark Canyon New Mexico
Kendall Photo
109
Tansill Fm - Dark Canyon New Mexico
Kendall Photo
110
Tansill Fm - Dark Canyon New Mexico
Kendall Photo
111
Walnut Canyon Tepees
Kendall Photo
112
Walnut Canyon Tepee at Cave!
Kendall Photo
113
Yates Fm - Dark Canyon - New Mexico
Megapolygon Saucers with Upturned Margins
Vertical Cycles of Supratidal Pisolitic
Fenestral Lst
Aeolian Silt
C. G. St. C. Kendall Photo, 1967
114
Tansill Fm Walnut Canyon N.Mx
115
Yates Fm - Walnut Canyon - New Mexico
Aeolian Silt
Kendall Photo
116
Yates Fm - Walnut Canyon - New Mexico
Megapolygon Saucers with Upturned Margins
Vertical Cycles of Supratidal Pisolitic
Fenestral Lst
Aeolian Silt
Kendall Photo
117
Yates Fm - Dark Canyon - New Mexico
Kendall Photo
118
Yates Fm - Dark Canyon - New Mexico
Kendall Photo
119
Yates Fm - Walnut Canyon - New Mexico
Kendall Photo
120
Yates Fm - Walnut Canyon - New Mexico
Kendall Photo
121
z
Yates Fm - Walnut Canyon - New Mexico
Internal Marine sediment
Kendall Photo
122
Yates Fm - Walnut Canyon - New Mexico
Kendall Photo
123
Yates Fm Walnut Canyon
Internal Marine sediment
Kendall Photo
124
Yates Fm - Dark Canyon - New Mexico
Kendall Photo
125
Folk Loucks Aragonite replaced by Calcite - NW
Shelf
126
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127
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128
Coastal Bay J. Dhanna - UAE
Marine Travertine
Purser Loreau Photo
129
Coastal Bay J. Dhanna - UAE
Supratidal Crust
Purser Loreau Photo
130
Lake McLeodW. Australia
Sub Tidal Springs
Mounds
Kendall Photo
131
Lake McLeod W. Australia
Marine Spring
Kendall Photo
132
Lake McLeod W. Australia
Marine Spring
133
Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Fill
Kendall Photo
134
Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Drape
135
Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Drape
136
Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Drape
137
Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Drape
138
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139
Carbonate depositional settings
  • Shelf
  • Outer more normal marine
  • Inner restricted
  • Shelf margin crest
  • Margin slope
  • Basin

140
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141
Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Quartz Silt
Gypsum
Dolomite
142
Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Gypsum
Shoaling Upward Salt Flat Cycles
Quartz Silt
Dolomite
Photo Scholle, 1999
143
Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Quartz Silt
Gypsum
Dolomite
Kendall Photo
144
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145
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146
Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Dolomite
Gypsum
Quartz Silt
Kendall Photo
147
Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Upper Tidal Flat Dolomite
Sabkha of the Guadalupian Permian Seven Rivers
Formation, of the Seven Rivers Embayment, New
Mexico.
Sabkha Cycle
Supratidal Gypsum
Windblown Fluvial Silts
Kendall Photo
148
Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Upper Tidal Flat Dolomite
Supratidal Dolomite
Collapse Breccia Aeolian Silts
Sabkha of the Guadalupian Permian Seven Rivers
Formation, Dark Canyon, New Mexico.
Kendall Photo
149
Seven Rivers Fm New Mexico
Upper Tidal Flat Dolomite
Collapse Breccia Aeolian Silts
Sabkha of the Guadalupian Permian Seven Rivers
Formation, Rocky Arroyo New Mexico.
Kendall Photo
150
McElroy Field Greyburg/San Andres Fm
Scholle. 1999
151
Seven RiversFm-New Mexico
Collapse Breccia Aeolian Silts
Quartz Silt
Kendall Photo
152
Major coastal provinces of United Arab Emirates
bathymetry of Southern Arabian Gulf in fathoms
(modified from Purser, 1973).
153
Western Coastal Margin of the United Arab Emirates
Western Coast of the United Arab Emirates
154
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155
High Intertidal Cyanobacterial Flats
Intertidal Carbonate Flats
Earlier High Energy Beaches
Supratidal Sabkha Evaporites
156
Intertidal Sand Mud Flats
Tidal Channels
Hardgrounds
Beach Ridges
Cyanobacterial Mats
Sabkha
157
Washover Sediments
Anhydrite
Cyanobacterial Peat
158
Seven RiversFm-Dark Canyon-New Mexico
Intraclast
Cyanobacterial Mat
Kendall Photo
159
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160
Cyanobacterial Mats
Kendall Photo
161
Cyanobacterial Mats
Micrite Storm Lamina
Kendall Photo
162
Carbonate Shelf -Gas Escape-Seven Rivers
Fm-New Mexico
After James
Kendall Photo
163
Carbonate depositional settings
  • Shelf
  • Outer more normal marine
  • Inner restricted
  • Shelf margin crest
  • Margin slope
  • Basin

164
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165
Permian Basin
166
Castille Fm New Mexico
El Capitan Peak
Basinal Gypsum
Kendall Photo
167
Castille Fm New Mexico
Light layers are Gypsum
Dark layers are Dolomite
Kendall Photo
168
Castille Fm New Mexico
Crenulated Light Layers are Gypsum after
Anhydrite
Dark layers are Dolomite
Kendall Photo
169
Restricted Playas Basin Evaporites
  • Match sea level of Lowstand and Transgressive
    System Tract
  • Matrix poor
  • Deeper parts of the isolated evaporite basin
  • Extensive bodies
  • Thin interbedded fabric reflects seasonal
    evaporative cycles of circum basin climate

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171
Open Marine Shelf
Restricted Tidal Flats Lagoon
Margin Slope
Basin Fill
172
Last Chance Canyon
Kendall Photo
173
Last Chance Canyon
San Andres Margin
Base of Slope
Kendall Photo
174
Last Chance Canyon
San Andres Margin
Base of Slope
Kendall Photo
175
Last Chance Canyon
San Andres Margin
Base of Slope
Kendall Photo
176
Last Chance Canyon
By pass Turbidite
Kendall Photo
177
Downlap Surface
Last Chance Canyon
Kendall Photo
178
Last Chance Canyon
By pass Turbidite
Kendall Photo
179
By pass Turbidite
Last Chance Canyon
Kendall Photo
180
Carlsbad Caverns
Carlsbad Cave
Prickly Pear
Kendall Photo
181
Carlsbad Caverns
Stalactites
Travertine
Kendall Photo
182
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183
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184
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185
Carbonate depositional settings
  • Shelf
  • Outer more normal marine
  • Inner restricted
  • Shelf margin crest
  • Margin slope
  • Basin

186
Lecture Conclusions
  • Shelf has wide spread continuous sheets that tend
    to shoal up
  • Outer shelf- heterogeneous carbonates with mix
    of linear bodies parallel to basin
    perpendicular to it! Local build up lenses.
  • Inner shelf- dominated by mud prone sheets with
    evaporites or clastic channels and sheets
  • Margin Massive and heterogeneous, most porous
    but least prone to seal
  • Down slope sheets that thin down slope may be
    grain prone in distal portions
  • Basinal couplets of mud and silt from mix of
    pelagic and shelf sources
  • Evaporite couplet from basin isolation

187
Hierarchy of Carbonate Shelf Architectural
Elements
PROGRADING MARGIN
ONLAPPING MARGIN
PROGRADING MARGIN
PROGRADING MARGIN
188
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189
Carbonate depositional settings
  • Shelf
  • Outer more normal marine
  • Inner restricted
  • Shelf margin
  • Margin slope
  • Basin

190
MARGIN
RESTRICTED
OPEN MARINE
SLOPE
SHELF
BASIN
191
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192
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193
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194
Basin
Ramp
Open Shelf
Restricted Shelf
195
Basin
Open Shelf
Rim
Restricted Shelf
196
Scholle, 1999
197
Scholle, 1999
198
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200
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201
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202
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203
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204
Capitan Reef
Goat Seep Reef
205
Scholle after Ward et al, 1983
Cross Section of Central Basin Platform
206
El Capitan Base of Slope Permian Basin
207
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208
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209
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224
Lecture Ends!!
  • And so to lunch

225
Tansill Fm Walnut Canyon N.Mx
226
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227
Carbonate depositional settings
  • Shelf
  • Outer more normal marine
  • Inner restricted
  • Shelf margin
  • Margin slope
  • Basin

228
OPEN MARINE
229
Outer Shelf Geometries
  • Sediment types are heterogeneous Ooids,
    grapestones hardened pellets to bioclastic
    grain shoals to patch reef shoal build ups
  • Shoaling upward cycles common
  • Bedding
  • Unconfined sheets but heterogeneous character
  • Local confined Channel fill
  • Local confined Lens shaped build ups
  • Fauna heterogeneous and moderately cosmopolitan

230
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234
Tansill Fm Walnut Canyon N.Mx
235
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236
Shelf CycleJames
237
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238
Carbonate Shelf Cycle
After James
239
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240
Carbonate Shelf Aeolian Updip
After James
241
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242
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243
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244
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245
Geometry of Carbonates - Ramp
246
Carbonate Ramp
247
EVOLUTION FROM LOW SLOPE RAMPTO
STEEPRIM-BASINSTARVATIONINACTION
248
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249
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