Grammar Boot Camp

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This workshop will teach you to

• Identify Correct Fragments
• Identify Correct Run-ons
• Identify Correct Comma Splices
• This presentation is enhanced with Question and
  Answer slides. To access, simply click on the
  words that are highlighted and underlined.

Click mouse for next slide
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Fragment

• Q What is a Fragment?
• A An incomplete thought that is punctuated as
  though it is complete.

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Fragment

• To correct a fragment, either
• connect it or rewrite it
• 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence before it
• OR
• 2. Connect the fragment to the sentence after it
• OR
• 3. Rewrite the fragment so that it is a complete
  thought.

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Fragment

• Four Types of Fragments
• 1. Dependent Clause
• 2. -ing Fragment
• 3. To Fragment
• 4. Added Detail Fragment

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Dependent Clause Fragment

• Begins with a Signal Word

Subordinating Conjunctions
Relative Pronouns
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Dependent Clause Fragment
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-ing Fragment

• Begins with a verb ending in -ing.
• Staying
• Moving
• Selling

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-ing Fragment
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To Fragment

• Begins with the word to followed by a verb.
• To sing
• To draw
• To study

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To Fragment
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Added Detail Fragment

• Elaborates on a previously stated claim.
• Begins with a transition
• for example
• such as
• especially

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Added Detail Fragment
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Run-on

• Q What is a Run-on?
• A Two more independent clauses without
  punctuation signaling the end of the first clause
  and the beginning of the next.

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Run-on

• Example
• Many dogs enter the contest the poodle is the
  usual winner.

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Comma Splice

• Q What is a Comma Splice?
• A A sentence with two or more independent
  clauses joined by only a comma.

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Comma Splice

• Example
• The book is inspirational, it changed my life.

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Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices

• Make Two Separate Sentences
• Run-on John mowed the lawn Alex raked the
  leaves.
• Comma Splice John mowed the lawn, Alex raked
  the leaves.
• Correction John mowed the lawn. Alex raked
  the leaves.

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Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices

• Use Comma Plus Coordinating Conjunction
• Run-on Julie is not my sister she is my
  cousin.
• Comma Splice Julie is not my sister, she is
  my cousin.
• Correction Julie is not my sister, but she
  is my cousin.

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Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices

• 3. Use a Semicolon
• Run-on The clowns jumpsuit was colorful it
  had multicolor stripes.
• Comma Splice The clowns jumpsuit was
  colorful, it had multicolor stripes.
• Correction The clowns jumpsuit was
  colorful it had multicolor stripes.

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Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices

• 4. Use a Conjunctive Adverb with Appropriate
  Punctuation
• Run-on We joined the group for dinner we did
  not go to the concert afterward.
• Comma Splice We joined the group for dinner, we
  did not go to the concert afterward.
• Correction A We joined the group for dinner
  however, we did not go to the concert
  afterward.
• Correction B We joined the group for dinner.
  However, we did not go to the concert
  afterward.

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Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices

• 5. Use Subordination
• Run-on The mother cat cleaned her kittens
  they began to cry.
• Comma Splice The mother cat cleaned her
  kittens, they began to cry.
• Correction A The mother cat cleaned her
  kittens when they began to cry.
• Correction B When they began to cry, the
  mother cat cleaned her kittens.

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Exercise Your Muscles

• Identify and correct the following errors.
• Although he had promised his parents he wouldnt.
  Allen stayed out until midnight.
• We didnt see anything however Jim insisted
  something was there.
• The rain fell furiously from the sky. Making it
  impossible for us to see the road.
• I love to relax on the sandy shores of the
  island, it gives me a sense of peace.

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Exercise Your Muscles--Key

• Identify and correct the following errors.
• Although he had promised his parents he wouldnt.
  Allen stayed out until midnight. Fragment
• We didnt see anything however Jim insisted
  something was there. Run-on
• The rain fell furiously from the sky. Making it
  impossible for us to see the road. Fragment
• I love to relax on the sandy shores of the
  island, it gives me a sense of peace. Comma Splice

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Congratulations!

• You have successfully completed Session Two of
  Grammar Boot Camp!
• For more information on Fragments, Run-ons, and
  Comma Splices, visit a friendly, professional
  tutor at the Stone Writing Center.
• SW 104, East Campus 698-1364
  www.delmar.edu/engl/wrtctr

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Q What is a Coordinating Conjunction?

• A A coordinating conjunction joins independent
  clauses as well as other sentence elements of
  equal weight or function. The following is a list
  of coordinating conjunctions, commonly referred
  to as the FANBOYS
• for
• and
• nor
• but FANBOYS (taken from the first letter of
  each word)
• or
• yet
• so
• Return to presentation.

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Q What is a Conjunctive Adverb?

• A A conjunctive adverb indicates a relation
  between independent clauses. The following is a
  list of common conjunctive adverbs
• accordingly consequently indeed
• also finally instead
• anyway furthermore likewise
• as a result hence meanwhile
• besides however moreover
• certainly incidentally nevertheless
• Return to presentation.

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Q What is a Subordinating Conjunction?

• A A subordinating conjunction is a word that
  links sentence elements that are not of equal
  importance. The following is a list of common
  subordinating conjunctions
• after once until
• although since when
• as that whenever
• because though where
• before till wherever
• if unless while
• Return to presentation.