Hydrologic Modeling

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Hydrologic Modeling

• David R. Maidment Oscar Robayo Venkatesh
  Merwade Carlos Patino Nate Johnson Sergio
  Martinez Tim Whiteaker Dan Obenour
• Center for Research in Water Resources
• University of Texas at Austin

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Hydrologic Information Systems
A hydrologic information system is a combination
of geospatial and temporal hydrologic data with
hydrologic models that supports hydrologic
practice science and education
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GIS Preprocessors for Hydrologic Models
InterfacePrograms
GIS
HMS
Geo HMS
Database
RAS
Geo RAS
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Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models
Interfacedata models
GIS
HMS
HMS IDM
Geo Database
Arc Hydro data model
RAS
RAS IDM
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Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models
Interfacedata models
GIS
HMS
HMS IDM
GeoHMS
Geo Database
Arc Hydro data model
RAS
RAS IDM
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Development of a Geographic Framework for an
Integrated Flood Modeling System
By
David Maidment Oscar Robayo Tim Whiteaker Dan
Obenour
University of Texas at Austin Center for Research
in Water Resources Department of Civil Engineering
August 2004
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Regional Storm Water Modeling Program and Master
Plan for San Antonio
City of San Antonio
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San Antonio Regional Watershed Modeling System
Geospatial Data City County SARA other
Bring the models together
Modeling System
Rainfall Data Rain gages Nexrad
Calibration Data Flows Water Quality
Floodplain Management
Capital Improvement Planning
Water quality planning
Integrated Regional Water Resources planning
Flood Forecasting
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Objectives

• Develop a geographically integrated flood
  modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC models
  using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a case study
• Drive this system with digital rain maps to
  generate flood maps
• Store and generate HEC flood models from an
  ArcGIS geodatabase
• Develop a scenario management system to generate
  and evaluate alternative plans

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Objectives

• Develop a geographically integrated flood
  modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC models
  using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a case study
• Drive this system with digital rain maps to
  generate flood maps
• Store and generate HEC flood models from an
  ArcGIS geodatabase
• Develop a scenario management system to generate
  and evaluate alternative plans

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NEXRAD WSR-88D Radars in Central Texas(Weather
Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler)scanning range
230 km
EWX NEXRAD Radar in New Braunfels
Source PBSJ 2003
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Digital Rain Maps from National Weather Service
(03/04/2004)
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Digital Rain Maps from National Weather Service
(03/29/2004)
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FEMA 100-year flood plain map in Bexar County
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Reading Historical Archives of NEXRAD Datasets
from Internet
FTP Server
Internet
Local
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Real-Time NEXRAD Datasets from Web Services
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Design Rainfall Maps
100yr 06h
100yr 12h
100yr 24h
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Regional Watershed Modeling System Case Study
Salado Creek watershed
Components

• Arc Hydro Geodatabase
• for whole watershed
• HEC-HMS hydrology model
• for whole watershed
• HEC-RAS hydraulic model
• for Rosillo Creek

Bexar County
Rosillo Creekwatershed
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Arc Hydro and HEC-HMS
HEC-HMS Hydrologic Model
Arc Hydro Schematic Network
Calculates Flows
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Arc Hydro and HEC-RAS
HEC-RAS Hydraulic Model
Calculates Water Surface Elevations
Arc Hydro Channel Cross Sections
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HEC Data Storage System (DSS)(binary data file
system shared by HEC models)

• An exact replica of the binary DSS files is
  stored in the ArcGIS geodatabase
• An Arc 9 Toolbox exchanges data between DSS and
  the geodatabase

Time series catalog
Many time series
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Flow Change Points
Models communicate with one another through Arc
Hydro at designated points
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Information Flow
Rainfall
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HEC-RAS
HEC-HMS
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Streamflow
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Flood Elevations
Streamflow
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Nexrad Map to Flood Map in Arc 9 Model Builder
Flood map as output
Model for flood flow
HMS
Model for flood depth
Nexrad rainfall map as input
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Map to Map Demo
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Objectives

• Develop a geographically integrated flood
  modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC models
  using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a case study
• Drive this system with digital rain maps to
  generate flood maps
• Store and generate HEC flood models from an
  ArcGIS geodatabase
• Develop a scenario management system to generate
  and evaluate alternative plans

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Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models
Interfacedata models
GIS
HMS
Geo Database
Arc Hydro data model
RAS
WRAP
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HEC Interface Data Models
HMS files
HMS IDM
RAS files
RAS IDM
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ArcCatalog Views
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IDM Arc Hydro Compliance

• Arc Hydro connectivity and naming conventions

Arc Hydro Geodatabase
IDM Geodatabase
HEC Program files
HydroID
FeatureID
Element Names
HMSCode
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Constant Loss Rate (inches/hour)
Llano at Junction Model
Rainfall lost to infiltration
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Snyder Time to Peak (hours)
Llano at Junction Model
Time to Peak
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Modified Puls Storage (ac-ft)
Llano at Junction Model Storage required to
produce 5000 cfs flow
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XML-Based Data Exchange

• Platform Independent
• Application Independent
• Ready to share with many third party applications
• Updates do not require code recompilation

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Objectives

• Develop a geographically integrated flood
  modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC models
  using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a case study
• Drive this system with digital rain maps to
  generate flood maps
• Store and generate HEC flood models from an
  ArcGIS geodatabase
• Develop a scenario management system to generate
  and evaluate alternative plans

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Preliminary Interface Data Model for HSPF

• Nate Johnson David Maidment
• ESRI Users Conference
• San Diego CA
• August 8 2004

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Interface Data Model for HSPF
Arc Hydro

• Preliminary Geodatabase for HSPF IDM

(demo)
Intermediate
To BASINS
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GenScn Generalized Scenario Management

• GenScn is a open source public domain program
  distributed with the USEPAs BASINS software
• Primarily designed for postprocessing timeseries
  data from HSPF models

• Links Geospatial data (shapefiles) to Timeseries
  data and allows users to interact with the data

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• Organizing and selecting timeseries that describe
  geospatial data
• Timeseries are organized around 3 key attributes
• Location (can be linked to geospatial data)
• Scenario (can be used for scenario management)
• Constituent (what the timeseries describes)

(demo)
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• Animating Timeseries linked to geospatial data

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• Arc Hydro and GenScn
• CRWR has worked on reading Arc Hydro timeseries
  into GenScns representation to make it available
  to GenScns tools
• When completed will also facilitate the transfer
  of timeseries from Arc Hydro format to .wdm and
  vice versa
• .wdm is the time series format used by EPA Basins
  systems

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Instream Flow Studies
Criterion
Depth velocity
Species groups
Hydrodynamic
Habitat
Model
Descriptions
Biological Data Collection
SMS/RMA2
ArcGIS
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Habitat Modeling
Velocity Depth Habitat Description
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Mesohabitat Output
Mesohabitat output for 41.22 m3/s.
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Priority Segments in Texas for Instream Flow
Studies

• Priority segments are 100s of miles long
• Representative reaches (study areas) are only a
  few (lt5) miles long

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Bathymetry of the Brazos River
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Data representation
Profile lines and cross-sections
Points
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3D CrossSections and ProfileLines
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River Channel Morphology Model
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2
3

• Get the shape (blue line or DOQ)
• Using the shape locate the thalweg
• Using thalweg location create cross-sections
• Network of cross-sections and profile lines

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Normalizing the data
For any point P(nizi) the normalized
coordinates are n (ni nL)/w z (Z zi)/d
For nL -15 nR 35 d 5 Z10 P (10 7.5)
becomes Pnew(0.5 0.5)
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Cross-sections as beta pdfs
beta c/s (beta1 beta2) k
a15 b12 a23 b23 factor 0.5
a12 b12 a23 b27 factor 0.6
Create beta cross-sections for different thalweg
locations
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Hydraulic Geometry Relationships
Hydraulic geometry relationships for Brazos River
at Richmond.
Hydraulic geometry relate flow with channel
width depth and velocity. Channel measurements
can be downloaded from USGS website. (http//water
data.usgs.gov/nwis/sw)
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Brazos River in Texas
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River Channel Demo

• Show the Brazos basin and priority instream flow
  segments in the basin
• Select a reach (_at_10 miles) along the Lower Brazos
  river
• For the selected reach use the RCMM toolbar to
• Generate thalweg using the channel boundary
• Generate cross-sections using the thalweg
• Generate profile-lines using the cross-sections
• Show the 3D river channel form generated by RCMM
  in ArcScene

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• Water Management Information System
• for the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin

Carlos Patino Daene McKinney David
Maidment August 2004
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Collaboration between USA-Mexico

• Cooperation of
• CRWR (Center for Research in Water Resources) of
  the University of Texas at Austin
• CNA (Mexican National Water Commission) and
• IMTA (Mexican Institute of Water Technology)
• Has resulted in the development of an Arc Hydro
  geodatabase for the Rio Grande/Bravo basin
• A one-stop shop for geospatial and temporal water
  resources information for the basin
• Training materials in english and spanish on GIS
  Hydro 2004

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Mexico 7 Hydrologic subregions (228000
km2) USA 9 Hydrologic Subregions (327000 km2
closed basins included) Total Area 555000 km2
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Digital Elevation Model for Each Subregion
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• RIO GRANDE DEMO
• Showing the hydrological subregions
• Network Tracing analyst Showing the relationships
  among HydroJunction monitoring points
  Watersheds and HydroEdges (Use HydroJunction
  2020100022)
• Showing the time series related to La Boquilla
  dam.