GSC-14 Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS) TIA and PPSO Summary

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GSC-14Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS)TIA
and PPSO Summary
Global Standards Collaboration (GSC) 14
DOCUMENT GSC14-GRSC7-008
FOR Presentation
SOURCE TIA
AGENDA ITEM GRSC Agenda Item 4.3, Reconfigurable Radio Systems
CONTACT(S) Anil Kripalani, akripalani_at_wirefreecom.net

• Anil Kripalani, TIA

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Reconfigurable Radios The Problem - ITS

• Reconfigurable Radios are a key technology
  solution in several application areas.
• From an ITS Reconfigurable Radios perspective
  -Wireless standards change on average every 18
  months, while average automobile design takes 3
  years, and cars last an average of 10 years.
• Without Radio Reconfiguration capability,
  different RF hardware has to be designed and
  provisioned per region, per function
• Particularly severe constraint in vehicles
  analog and digital audio, GPS tracking,
  WWAN/Internet, WWAN/Emergency Information
  Delivery, tolls/EZPass, key access, radar, BT,
  WLAN, etc.
• Updates (critical or not) in any of the wireless
  technologies means cost.
• Multimode Mobiles need to support different
  3G/4G/WLAN/BT standards and 5 frequency bands
  today, and more coming
• Cost, power implications
• Will get worse with future multipurpose broadband
  devices for converged WWAN/WLAN/PAN/BAN..

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Reconfigurable Radios The Problem - Public
Safety

• Reconfigurable Radios are a key technology
  solution in several application areas.
• In Public Safety applications, Public Safety
  Users often have to communicate over a wide range
  of spectrum bands, and large geographic areas,
  but also need secure, resilient, inter-operable
  devices, and coverage in areas whether other
  radio devices typically do not work, or have
  marginal connectivity.
• They also need to be easy to use, durable, long
  battery life, and work in high noise
  environments, where the User may have other
  life-supporting Personal Protective equipment and
  Clothing such as Masks, Air Tanks, Helmets,
  Gloves, etc., in place.
• These are Mission-Critical applications where
  safety of life and property is at risk.
• Cost and longevity of equipment, along with
  reliability and inter-operability are key factors
  for this segment which does not have economies of
  scale to drive down manufacturing costs.

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Reconfigurable Radios One View of the ITS Goal

• Source Presentation on SDR by Dr John Chapin of
  VANU Inc. at the Fully Networked Car Conference,
  Geneva, 5-7 March, 2008

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Reconfigurable Radios - Rationale

• Reconfigurable Radios (RRs) are expected to be
  upgradable in the field to support future
  communications standards and applicable spectral
  bands.
• RR capable hardware is software loaded, i.e.
  customized, for destination at appropriate point
  in supply chain.
• Some vendors have integrated RRs in deployed
  infrastructure and subscriber units already.
• Key question Whether labels such as RR, or
  Software Defined Radio (SDR) or Cognitive Radio
  (CR) are just a technology approach that can be
  used to deploy existing Radio Air Interface
  standards, or do RR/SDR/CR techniques themselves
  need standardization? or BOTH?

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Key Interfaces ITS/SDR Forum

• The ITS industry and the SDR Forum are asking for
  a new Digital IF standard
• Implies common baseband processor for multiple
  radios
• Existing specifications - OBSAI, CPRI, DigRF -
  found not appropriate for automotive requirements
• RF configuration /control is the challenge
• The SDR Forum has significant activity in this
  area

Frequency band flexibility is still a major
limitation without Digital RF implementation
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For ITS Applications GSC-13 asked the GSC ITS TF
for a report

• GSC-13 RES 14 Resolved
• 1) to endorse the continuation of the GSC ITS
  Task Force hosted by ITU-T APSC TELEMOV and
  requests the Task Force to
• . . .
• d) recommend the scope for specific standards
  needed to enable Software Reconfigurable Radio
  (SRR) for automotive applications at the next GSC
  meeting and
• e) report on progress in each of these areas at
  the next GSC meeting
• . . .

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What IS a SDR, CR, or RR device?

• This question has been discussed in many fora
  over the last few years.
• Do we use definitions from ITU, CEPT, EC, FCC,
  SDR Forum, or others?
• Some argue that SDR technology is application
  /implementation specific and that standardization
  would stifle technology advancement.
• Others advocate that Harmonized Standards already
  produced, or to be produced, would need to be
  reviewed where regulatory needs have to be
  satisfied.
• If there is support for SOME standardization what
  needs to be standardized? What subject areas are
  suitable for standardization?
• Some support standardization in Military Systems
  but are against standardization of Civil Systems.

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Regulatory Aspects Since GSC-13

• In its 2nd Report and Order and Memorandum
  Opinion and Order released November 14, 2008, in
  the FCCs White Spaces proceedings, ET Docket
  Nos. 04-186 and 02-380, adopting rules for
  unlicensed devices to operate in the TV Broadcast
  band White Spaces, the FCC advised (para. 8) it
  was adopting a plan for fixed devices similar to
  the provisions of the draft standard for TV Band
  Devices (TVBDs) under consideration by IEEE
  802.22.
• See IEEE 802.22/D0.2 Draft Standard for Wireless
  Regional Area Networks Part 22 Cognitive
  Wireless RAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and
  Physical Layer (PHY) specifications.
• The FCC did note the IEEE 802.22 plan does not
  provide for fixed devices to communicate with
  personal/portable devices on a master/client
  basis.
• However, under the FCC Rules adopted in the
  Order, fixed TVBDs will be allowed to communicate
  with personal/portable devices operating
  independently or using a master/client model.

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Regulatory Aspects Since GSC-13

• In that Order the FCC is also concerned with
  measurement techniques and ensuring that licensed
  services do not receive harmful interference.
  Footnote 143 notes
• With respect to its indoor measurements, the MSTV
  Study showed significant variations in the field
  strength of local TV stations in different rooms
  and outdoors at ground level at residential
  locations within the stations service areas,
  while at the same time reception was generally
  available on the homes DTV receiving system.
  See also Attachment to NAF Technical comments,
  White Spaces Engineering Study Can Cognitive
  Radio Technology Operating in the TV White Spaces
  Completely Protect Licensed TV Broadcasting?
  Working Paper 16, (NAF Study) Mark Sturza and
  Farzad Ghazvinian, January 2007.

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Regulatory Aspects Since GSC-13

• In its White Space Order, the FCC also provided
  for Equipment Certification Under A Proof Of
  Performance Standard.
• At Para. 257 the FCC notes
• As indicated above, we are providing a special
  equipment certification procedure for approval of
  sensing only devices that demonstrate the ability
  to detect protected services with a high level of
  accuracy. In providing this procedure, we
  recognize that cognitive radio technology,
  including sensing, is in its nascent stage of
  development for commercial applications.
  Cognitive radio technology holds great promise
  for increasing . . . spectrum access to the
  benefit of consumers and businesses and we find
  it in the public interest to continue to
  encourage the development of this technology.
  (Emphasis added)

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Some possible applications for TVDB devices

• SOURCE TV Whitespace Tutorial Intro, March 10,
  2009, Matthew Sherman, Affiliation BAE Systems
  www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/09-March/2009-03-10
  20TV20Whitespace20Tutorial20r0.pdf
• Rural Broadband Deployment
• Auxiliary Public Safety Communications
• Educational and Enterprise Video Conferencing
• Personal Consumer Applications
• Mesh Networks
• Security Applications
• Municipal Broadband Access (Muni 2.0)
• Enhanced Local Coverage and Communications
• Fixed backhaul
• Sensor aggregation / backhaul e.g., for Smart
  Grid meter reading

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Recent Activity - ETSI

• As reported at GSC-13 ETSI created a Technical
  Committee for Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS)
  in January 2008 to study the feasibility of
  standardization related to Software Defined Radio
  (SDR) and Cognitive Radio (CR).
• In its current report to GSC-14 ETSI notes
  Current Activities include
• Feasibility studies of standardization of SDR and
  CR
• SDR focus on nodes as mobile devices and base
  stations,
• CR focus on functional architecture
• Liaisons with relevant regulatory bodies.
• Definition issues (SDR, CR) settled aligning
  with ITU-R work.
• Substantial interest to start to standardize SDR
  and CR.

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Recent Activity - ITU

• Definition of SDR
• There is general agreement to use the definition
  from Recommendation ITU-R M.1797 as the basis.
• Working documents have evolved.
• According to the updated working document towards
  draft CPM text of WRC-11 Agenda Item 1.19, the
  concepts of SDR and CRS are as follows
• Software defined radio (SDR) A radio
  transmitter and/or receiver employing a
  technology that allows the RF operating
  parameters including, but not limited to,
  frequency range, modulation type, or output power
  to be set or altered by software, excluding
  changes to operating parameters which occur
  during the normal pre-installed and predetermined
  operation of a radio according to a system
  specification or standard.

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Recent Activity - ITU

• Cognitive Radio System A radio system employing
  technology that allows the system to obtain
  knowledge of its operational and geographical
  environment, established policies and its
  internal state to dynamically and autonomously
  adjust its operational parameters and protocols
  according to its obtained knowledge in order to
  achieve predefined objectives and to learn from
  the results obtained.
• SOURCE The 6th Meeting of the APT Wireless
  Forum, 31 March 03 April 2009, Danang, Vietnam,
  Document AWF-6/INP-40

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Recent Activity - ISAAC

• ISACC has proposed to GSC-14 text for a Revision
  of the RESOLUTION on this HIS.
• ISACC has also included the following in its
  input on Rural and Remote Broadband Services
  (RRBS), RESOLUTION GSC-14/21
• Considering . . . . c) that many countries
  consider broadband delivery or Internet delivery
  as part of their infrastructure (A number of
  countries are investing in rural broadband as
  part of their economic stimulus programs).
• Resolves . . . 7) to encourage the inclusion of
  smart radio technology in broadband services
  intended to operate in remote and rural areas to
  allow access to underutilized radio spectrum.

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Recent Activity - TIA

• Relative to Reconfigurable Radios, TIA TR-8
  focuses on Public Safety
• Users in TR-8 have expressed a desire to look at
  SDR aspects, and a subcommittee was created years
  ago, TR-8.7, but has been relatively inactive.
• The P25 Steering Committee continues to get
  reports on the SDR Forum, and continues to have
  interest.
• Multiple bands are in use by systems for first
  responders
• TR-8 Chair reported renewed interest in Software
  Defined Radio (SDR) work.
• TIA TR-8 P25 Air Interface Standards have been
  deployed using SDR/CR/RRS-like technologies by at
  least three vendors since GSC-13.

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Challenges

• Digital IF interface specification (ITS)
• Support for multiple radios, on plug and play
  basis, nearer term
• Support for growing number of wireless standards
• C2K, GSM/GPRS/EDGE, EV-DOrA, HSPA, LTE, WiMAX,
  802.11x, 802.15.x, 802.16d, 802.20, etc as
  applicable)
• Also BT2.x/3.x, Zigbee, UWB, NFC, new CAI for BAN
  profiles, etc.
• Tunable filters and amplifiers, broadband
  antennas.
• Digital RF for global frequency flexibility, (no
  need for agility?)
• 450MHz/700MHz/850MHz/900MHz/GPS1.575GHz/Galileo1.2
  78GHz/GLONASS/1.7GHz/1.8GHz/1.9GHz/AWS/2.3GHz/2.5G
  Hz/3.3GHz/3.5GHz/4.9GHz/5.8GHz
• low power, low footprint, in CMOS, hence low
  cost, RFICs
• an implementation challenge, to achieve economies
  of scale.
• FCC security requirement to prevent hacking to
  alter operating band.

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Proposed Resolution- Revision
RESOLUTION GSC-13/XX (GRSC) Software Defined Radios and Cognitive Radio Systems

• SDR-CR Resolution will likely need updating based
  on results reported at GSC-14 by GSC Members on
  the HIS Panel.
• ISACC has provided a Contribution to be discussed
  at the Resolution Drafting group for this HIS.

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Supplemental Slides
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ANSI / ESOs Meeting

• The subject of SDR was on the agenda for the
  ANSI/ESOs meeting in Washington, DC, September
  2008
• Panel Discussion
• GSC-13 SDR Results discussed by Jorgen Friis and
  Dan Bart
• William Hurst of FCC provided a USA Regulatory
  perspective

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ETSI Deliverables since GSC-13

• Three ETSI reports have been approved
• TR 102 680, SDR architecture for mobile device
  (published).
• TR 102 681, Radio Base Station (RBS) Software
  Defined Radio (SDR) status.
• TR 102 682, Functional Architecture (FA), for
  the management and control of Reconfigurable
  Radio Systems.

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Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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ETSI Presentations since GSC-13

• ETSI Presentation Towards standardization of
  Cognitive Radio, 1st IBBT-MIT Joint Workshop on
  Cognitive Radio Standardization Markets 11 May
  2009 Brussels (Belgium), by Andrea Lorelli,
  ETSI RRS Technical Officer

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Recent Activity - IEEE

• P802.22 series for cognitive wireless RAN medium
  access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY)
  specifications policies and procedures for
  operation in the TV bands
• P1900 series under SCC 41, Dynamic Spectrum
  Access Networks, including terminology, analysis
  of interference and coexistence, spectrum access,
  architectural building blocks for distributed
  device decision making

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NIJ Support for Public Safety Applications

• Multi-Band / Multi-Mode Radio for Public Safety
  Applications
• A project supported by the National Institute of
  Justice CommTech organization.
• www.ece.vt.edu/swe/chamrad/

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SOURCE TV Whitespace Tutorial Intro, March 10,
2009, Matthew Sherman, Affiliation BAE Systems
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IEEE Definitions of Dynamic Spectrum Access and
Cognitive Radio

• According to the P1900.1 Standard -
• Dynamic Spectrum Access is the real-time
  adjustment of Spectrum Utilization in response to
  changing circumstances and objectives.
• Cognitive Radio is a type of Radio in which
  communication systems are aware of their
  environment and internal state and can make
  decisions about their radio operating behavior
  based on that information and predefined
  objectives.

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SDR Forum February 2009 Tutorial at IEEE 802

• SDR Forum A nonprofit mutual benefit
  corporation dedicated to
• Promoting the success of next-generation radio
  technologies
• The perception of the SDR Forums 108 Member
  organizations
• Supporting multiple air interface standards
• Enabling dynamic spectrum access and
• cognitive radio

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SDR Forum Tutorial February 2009 Securing
Software Reconfigurable Communications Technology

• Customers
• Radio Manufacturers, Operators, Regulators
• Purpose
• Presents a set of threats common to Software
  Reconfigurable Communication Devices
• Presents a set of functional requirements for
  security mechanisms and counter
• measures that address this set
• Status
• In Technical Committee Ballot
• Project expected to complete by April meeting
• Next Steps
• Profiles for specific markets

• Requirements List
• 1. Policy-driven behavior
• 2. Stakeholder-driven
• Policy
• 3. Device attestation
• 4. Protected download
• 5. Policy-compliant
• installation and
• instantiation
• 6. Run-time control
• 7. Resource integrity
• 8. Access control
• 9. Audit
• 10. Process separation
• 11. Implementation
• assurance
• 12. Supportive operations