Jewish migration

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Jewish migration

• A key for understanding the diversification of
  Jewish communities in Europe and elsewhere
  during the Modern period and in the recent times

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Beginnings of Diaspora

• 70 CE
• Great Jewish revolt
• Romans lead by Titus conquerred Jerusalem
• 2nd destruction of Temple
• 132-135
• Bar Kochba uprising, Second Jewish revolt
• After two and half years of reestablishment of
  the Jewish state, Jews were brutally defeated by
  Romans
• for next several centuries centers of Jewish
  religious learning Babylonia and Galilee

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Most important migrations of European Jews in
pre-modern era

• 13th 16th C
• expulsions of Jews from Western European
  countries
• W E
• England 1290
• France 1306
• German states 1348
• Spain 1492
• 17th C
• Bogdan Chmelnitzki uprising and pogroms in Poland
• W E
• Restoration of Jewish communities in Western
  countries
• one of the factors leading to rise of Hassidism

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Sephardim and Ashkenazim

• (Mizrahim)

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Ashkenazim
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Sephardim
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Most important migrations of European Jews in
Modern era

• 1881-1914, 1914-18, 1918-1921
• pogroms in Russia, the WW I, Civil war in Russia
• direction from East to West, mainstream
  oversee, esp. the USA
• 1933-1941
• Nazism in Germany and ocupied territories,
  antisemitism in Poland
• oversee, esp. the USA, Palestine, South America
  and whereever possible
• 1945-1950
• DPs , antisemitism in Poland, Bericha
• Palestine/Israel, the USA, Western Europe

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Polish or Russian?

• Poland refuge for Jews from Central Europe
• (esp. during the reign of Casimir III in the
  14th C)
• colonization of Ukraine 1569-1648
• Thirty years war and Chmelnicky uprising
• (flight of Jews to the West)
• Three partitions of Poland 1772-1795
• (Polish state abolished)
• 1918 - Polish state reestablished
• 1945 changes of borders

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Jewish settlement in the US

• 4 main migrations
• 1654
• group of Sephardim from Brasil arrived in New
  Amsterdam
• 1815-1880
• large immigration of Jews from German states and
  Habsburg monarchy
• 1881-1914
• mass immigration of Jews from the Pale and from
  Galicia
• 1933-1945
• refugees from Nazism

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