All living things are composed of four basic organic compounds' Organic compounds contain the elemen

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All living things are composed of four basic
organic compounds. Organic compounds contain the
element carbon. The fpur compounds are Protein,
fat, DNA and sugar.
Proteins are made on the ribosomes in a cell and
are composed of many Amino Acids. Proteins are
our traits like hair and skin. Proteins also
perform chemical reactions in our cells and
theses are called enzymes
Fats are used by our bodies to make up cell
membranes. Fats are also storage for energy.
Sugar is used in the process of respiration.
Sugar inside the mitochondria combines with
oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water plus
energy.
DNA is made of Guanine, Adenine, Thyamine and
Cytosine these nitrogen bases make op the code of
our chromosome which make up our traits. DNA is
unique to each person thus DNA fingerprinting is
used to solve crimes.
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Cell Theory states Cells are the basic unit of
life. All cells come from other cells. All
living things are made of cells
Cells are made of organelles. Mitochondria
produce energy for the cell through the process
of respiration. The cell membrane allows things
to enter and leave the cell. The ribosomes make
protein. The DNA is contained inside the
nucleus. Plant cells have cell walls made of
cellulose. Chloroplasts produce sugar and oxygen
in the process of photosynthesis
Cells divide through the process of Mitosis. This
process produces two cells which are identical.
Cells produce sex cells (gametes) through the
process of meiosis.
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The microscope is used to view cells. The
magnification of a microscope is calculated by
multiplying the eyepiece magnification by the
objective lens magnification. A microscope with
more than one lens is called a compound
microscope.
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Osmosis is the movement of water into the cell.
The water moves in with no energy wasted because
it moves from a higher concentration to a lower
concentration.
Diffusion is the movement of other substances
into a cell without energy expended. This
happens because the concentration is higher on
the outside of the cell.
Active transport involves the expenditure of
energy to get substances into the cell. Energy
is in the form of ATP
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Punnett Squares are used to predict the possible
outcomes of genetic crosses. Mendel crossed tall
pea plants with shot pea plants and got all tall
plants. He concluded that tallness was a
dominant trait and that shortness was a recessive
trait.
Homozygous dominant is an individual who has both
dominant genes Heterozygous or hybrid has a
dominant and a recessive gene.
Genotype is a list of an organisms gene
pairs. Phenotype is the physical characteristics
of the organism.
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Sex linked traits are inherited by the male from
the mother. Examples are baldness, color
blindness, hemophelia. Females are XX Males are XY
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Cancer is caused by a mutation in a gene. There
are many reasons that mutations occur. One of
them is Smoking. Cancer is the abnormal growth of
a cell because of a mutation.