Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA

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Chapter 9

• Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA

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Terminology

• Biotechnology
• Genetic engineering
• Recombinant DNA technology
• Recombinant DNA procedures

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Terminology

• Biotechnology
• Genetic engineering
• Recombinant DNA technology
• Recombinant DNA procedures
• Selection
• Mutation
• Restriction enzymes

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Terminology

• Biotechnology
• Genetic engineering
• Recombinant DNA technology
• Recombinant DNA procedures
• Selection
• Mutation
• Restriction enzymes
• Vectors

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Terminology

• Biotechnology
• Genetic engineering
• Recombinant DNA technology
• Recombinant DNA procedures
• Restriction enzymes
• Vectors
• Polymerase chain reaction

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Techniques of genetic engineering

• Inserting foreign DNA into cells
• Transformation plasmids or linear DNA
• Electroporation
• Protoplast fusion

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Techniques of genetic engineering

• Inserting foreign DNA into cells
• Transformation
• Electroporation
• Protoplast fusion
• Gene gun

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Techniques of genetic engineering

• Inserting foreign DNA into cells
• Transformation
• Electroporation
• Protoplast fusion
• Gene gun
• Microinjection

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Obtaining DNA

• Gene libraries

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Obtaining DNA

• Gene libraries
• Complementary DNA (cDNA)
• Reverse transcription
• Removes introns

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Selecting a clone

• One antibiotic resistance gene
• Two antibiotic resistance genes
• Blue-white screening

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Selecting a clone

• One antibiotic resistance gene
• Two antibiotic resistance genes
• Blue-white screening
• pGlo system
• Colony hybridization

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Making a gene product

• Gene fusion
• Extracting the product
• Yeast cells
• Mammalian cells
• Plant cells

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Applications of genetic engineering

• Pharmaceutical products
• Subunit vaccines
• Gene therapy
• Gene silencing
• RNA interference
• Short interfering RNAs (siRNA)

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Scientific applications

• DNA sequencing
• Random shotgun sequencing

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Scientific applications

• DNA sequencing
• Random shotgun sequencing
• Southern blotting

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Scientific applications

• DNA sequencing
• Genetic screening
• DNA fingerprinting

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Scientific applications

• DNA sequencing
• Genetic screening
• DNA fingerprinting
• Nanotechnology
• Bacteria produce tiny pieces of metal

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Agricultural applications

• Tools
• Ti plasmid

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Agricultural applications

• Tools
• Ti plasmid
• Gene gun
• Resistance to herbicides
• Resistance to insects
• Flavor saver tomato
• Nitrogen fixation

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Safety issues and ethics

• Suicide genes
• Allergies to new compounds
• Sharing of information